that is much different than the the background of valuation for other immigrants, nonimmigrant tourists coming to the united states. in my opinion, there's a much more significant risk that you would find that potential terrorists and refugee clothing. certainly not for the refugee program which is much more rigorous. it's a refugee is approved by the office of refugee comedy hour are both nk medicaid -- communicate to try to find an appropriate place for the refugee to this. this has gone on farewell for almost 40 years now. but syrian refugees, it has been particularly amenable because we have 150,000 former refugees are you living here in the united states around the world. a large portion in texas in hearing the 90s date -- northeast. matching up with communities or family members becomes a much easier process that facilitates the integration and assimilation of these individuals. this program is completely federal. throughout that time since the late 19th century the supreme court has been very clear that immigration throughout the 50 years a number of states try to get involved an

so the question is, whether immigrants, low income immigrants, as well as low income nonimmigrants, willbe increasingly segregated in areas which lack opportunity. and that's the conclusion. and i thank you. [applause] >> before we open it up to questions, there was a fair amount of overlap between the papers so i wanted to give each of the panelists if they wanted to make comments on the other papers quickly. you're under no obligation to do so. well, nobody wants to -- gary -- >> you know, because the papers by jake and susan were similar, you probably -- struck the audience that maybe they appear to be conflicting conflicting ay can speak it to but since i didn't write either one of them, one thing that strikes me is in work that jake has done with different colleagues on segregation and there's been a bunch of papers out there that actually show that white households play a premium for homo -- homogenousity, and maybe jake can comment. >> you said what i was planning to say, so we are thinking -- you did a great job. so, the work i did establishes that housing price us within a count

because immigrants start businesses at twice the rate of nonimmigrants, of native born in the united states. so having an anti-immigrant feeling in this country, as donald trump has expressed over and over again, for both legal and illegal, represses the economic activity of immigrants in this country, which hurts all of us. i mean, that's why leaders in silicon valley are almost uniformly against donald trump. because they see what kind of contribution both immigrant workers and immigrant entrepreneurs make in creating new businesses that then do business with other small businesses. >> we have to wrap it up. bill, i want to give you the final word if you have anything left to say. >> well, nobody really mentioned taxes. many of our top concerns have to do with taxes on business earnings. that's the main source of capital, financial cantle for our firm, how we grow the business, with the profits we make. so between having taxes take the profits away from us and then having this avalanche of regulations that tell us how to spend the money we have, not very productively, i think, but

rates and came right out and said immigrant neighborhoods have lower crime rates than comparable nonimmigrant neighborhoods, i wondered if that was factored in at all. lower crime neighborhoods, everything equal, the housing prices will be higher because they are more desirable neighborhoods. have you factored in at all the impact that immigrants have on crime rates and what would that do to your analysis if it was factored in? >> in short, it is in our analysis and in spite of that, which is an absolutely accepted fact, we do find these results. >> i had precinct level data of crime for new york city from 1990 to 2010, 2012 or so. crime dropped dramatically in new york city and lots of people have their pet xplanations for why it was bkrim nolgss are puzzl puzzled about this. the precincts where crime dropped the most are connected to neighborhoods where the foreign born population increased the most. it's not just that foreign born people themselves are not coming to the united states to commit crimes, they are coming here to work. it's not just a function of their own behavior but of stabi

we tightened up nonimmigrant visas for visitors and students, the sort of visas that the 9/11 terrorists had abused. we enhanced security measures for u.s. citizens. we spent hundreds of billions of dollars and changed our life plan. changes in our immigration law and policies have focused offender whemgly on keeping people dangerous people out of america. how do we fix our system to let the right people in or let them stay if they're already here. how do we align america's immigration policies with the real needs of the future? instead of forcing people to live in the shadows at poverty or near poverty. a number of events have made passing comprehensive immigration reform more challenging. let me tell you three. first, the global economic meltdown in 2008 an 2009 cost millions of americans their jobs. when the president was sworn in, it was a month we lost 700,000 jocks. life savings were disappearing. many americans felt economically embattled. who could blame them? some fear that immigrants might take their jobs or they might be a costly drain. that makes reform harder. second, the gl

, we have a tremendous network of visa security posts where somebody is trying to come in on a nonimmigrant visa, that's one of the issues that's top of our list of things to consider. i've got a unit with the office of principle legal advisers, our lawyers, specifically focused to identification apprehension and prosecution of human rights violators. they are -- i would love for you to meet them, especially if you're working on this legislation, they are about their work and very. >> and i would very much welcome the opportunity to meet with that unit, it will be very helpful. the second thing i want to ask you about is to extend the work that the department has done for taking a deeper look into how lgbt immigrants face particular challenges in the detention process and for issuing guidelines on how to address and deal with lgbt individuals in detention, but, of course, as you know guidelines are only as good as the people who enforce them, would you tell us a little bit about what is taking place, what efforts are taking place to enforce and enhance the guidelines for lgbt individuals in