in a nonracial youth organization. we worked with the african national congress, followed policies, argued and took part in the campaign for the freedom charter, which ends with a statement that these freedoms we'll fight for side by side, all our lives until we won our liberty. i believe that whites are still not free from the effect of the racism of apart side. we still have to, as nelson mandela said, not only freeze of oppressed but the oppressor. so i got involved. once i was deeply involved, i'm an engineer. what was it like. it was lonely in the white community and warm in the comradeship. african national congress >> you were the only white man convicted alongside nelson mandela. >> in that particular trial yes, but the lead lawyer was convicted and died in prison. plenty die the in the struggle, enough to know ours was nonracial struggle for a nonracial south africa. >> how different was nelson mandela after released from prison, compared to the man he was when you worked with him back in the early 1960s? >> i

he knew what he stood for which was a nonracial south africa. he was going to compromise on that goal. moreover, as i said and you said, he saw himself as a leader of a future south africa. he could not deny his party and his people for his own self confidence. >> winnie mandela, more members of the family streaming in, as well. the service was supposed to start 34 minutes ago. started running late, i guess in part because of the weather. president obama has delayed his departure from his holding ho l hotel, as well. it was those act of self-sacrifice that increased nelson mandela's power because he refused to allow his movement to be divided. >> absolutely. he understood he wasn't going to sell out. the bottom line is he understand what his principles were and understood that he had greater power if he resisted, if he refused to take the small measure to get the larger measure. i could get out of jail, i could move on. but the nation wouldn't be moved forward and the cause for which he was willing to die wouldn't be furthered. he didn't take th

that is promotion of nonracial and reconciliation during his tenure as president of the republic. new constitution on the since 1996 he had a vision of the -- [inaudible] and i quote, let us give [inaudible] to the injustices of the past. by building a future base unequality and social justice. let us -- [inaudible] our national unity by recognizing with respect and joy the languages cultural and the region of south africa. for one another view -- create the peaceful conditions which gives peace for the -- [inaudible] and to flourish. above all, let us work together -- to banish homelessness, illiteracy, hunger, and disease. unquote. [inaudible] magnitude of challenges facing south africa in mind. he said about uniting the nation. -- [inaudible] the anger and frustrations of both -- [inaudible] and the oppressed. and reminded humanity that -- [inaudible] he managed both the fear of the minority and the highest expectations and impatience of the majority. he told us, the promises of democracy would not be met overnight. and -- [inaudible] of the few would not be allowed to delay th

not enough, enough to show that ours was a truly nonracial struggle for a nonracial south africa. >> how different was nelson mandela after he was released from prison compared to the man he was when you were working with him back in the early 1960s? >> i found him utterly consistent. he had worked through the ideas, his famous speech in the trial where he said he stood against white domination and black dom nation, wanted to live to see a society where we could live together in harmony and was prepared to die for the relief. that was didn't. in the spirit of the nation he as commander in chief said, "we will fight to show you we can take power, but we would prefer to negotiate a political settlement", it took 30 years for the apartheid government to be prepared to negotiate and the man that called the arms struggle called it off and that takes courage and depth of insight. he came out more mellow, but that comes from being in prison, where you are not burdened with daily arguments and detail and have time to reflect. years and years of time to reflect and refine the meaning of being

basis. >> reporter: in subsequent years he became a central figure in the fight for a nonracial southfrica and rose through the ranks to become the movement's chairman. >> you are all comrades. >> reporter: that all ended at a watershed anc conference in 2007 when he was booed by rowdy delegates and he was accused of acting unconstitutionally. it was, he believes, proof that people unlike mandela were not prepared to hear any view but their own. it was a time, he says, at which the legacy of nelson mandela was betrayed. >> this is not for which we understand we were struggle for years in which we learned about from nelson mandela and other leaders before him. >> the engrained culture of disrespect is so massive that we disrespect ourselves, we disrespect the institutions that we purport to uphold, particularly the constitution, and our leadership. >> i do think that he would most certainly feel betrayed by those of us who feel that something is not right if we did not raise our voices to say, this is not right. we don't agree with it. we don't associate ourselves with it. i think you

remember, the national african congress actually started in 1914, and the country did not move to nonracialemocratic governance until my 294, which was always the goal of the anc. and whether one is from nigeria or tanzania or closer to home, mozambique, across africa people rallied behind the anc in that struggle. i think president mandela stood for freedom, and he now stands for integrity and perseverance. the continent needs to move towards that in terms of the next phase of the struggle, which is political freedom has been achieved now. economic freedom is necessary. >> speak a little about your own experience in relation to the perspective of nelson mandela, particularly when it comes to nonviolent protest, and in violence in africa, as well is the work you have done combating aids in africa. >> i really respect president mandela, again, because of his conviction. he was a person who started as he did, in terms of nonviolent struggle against apartheid regime, and at some point he realized the level of repression of the national party required a more robust response, which was moving to

us commit ourselves to strive together, spelling neither strength nor courage, to build a united, nonracialnsexist, democratic and prosperous south africa. let us express each in our own way, the deep gratitude we feel for a life spent in service of the people of this country. and in the cause of humanity. that is indeed the moment of our deepest sorrow. yet, it must also be the moment of our greatest determination. a determination to live as madiba has lived, to strive as he has strived, and to not rest until we have realized his vision of a truly united south africa. a peaceful and prosperous africa. and a better world. we will always love madiba. may his soul rest in peace. god bless africa. >> that was south africa'spresi. this evening at the white house, president obama expressed his condolences to nelson mandela's family and praised the transformative leader. >> at his trial in 1964, nelsonm the dock saying, i have fought against white domination, and i have fought against black domination. i have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together

i got involved in a nonracial youth organization called the modern youth sewedy. we worked with the national congress, followed their policies, argued about them and eventually took part in the campaign for the freedom charter. which ends with a statement that these freedoms which stand, which we fight for side by side all your lives until we have won our liberty. i believe that whites are not free from the effects of the racism of apart hide. we have to, as nelson mandela said, not only free the oppressed, but pressor. >> what was it like all those years ago? >> i got involved. once i was deeply involved, i'm an engineer. what was it like? it was lonely in the white community and warm in the comradeship of the african national congress. >> because you were the only white man convicted alongside nelson mandela. >> in that particular trial, yes. but then our lead lawyer was convicted afterwards and died in prison. there were plenty of whites involved in the struggle. not enough, enough to show that ours was a truly nonracial africa. >> how different was nelson mand

a democratic nonracial, non-sexist country.hat is a great task. >> hello, i'm antonio mora, welcome to a special edition of "consider this". the man known as madiba said courage was not the absence of deed. born to a royal tribal family naming him rolihlahla dalibhunga, which means trouble maker, he lived up to his name. after studying law he dedicated himself to apartheid. a system imposed on the black african. nelson mandela was arrested in sentenced to life in prison. he spent 28 years behind bars, mostly in a tiny cell on robin island near cape town. nelson mandela's brutal imprisonment led to tuberculosis and damaged eye sight. his fame grew and the world clamoured for the release of a man the symbol of the civil rights movement. finally he walked out of prison. four years later he was elected south africa's first president. let's examine the man behind the status. our first guest had a strong connection. his grandfather taught mandela and his grandmother visited the south african leader in prison. it's a pleasure to have

a nelson mandela posturing of nonracial south africa is ever to come true, it is colorblind isool life this one in -- it colorblind schools like this one in johannesburg that have to take root. integrated schools will become the norm. but that is a notion that is beyond the dreams of the millions of south africans who still live in townships. without electricity, without water, without sewage pipes, plagued by crime. , like you say. i am doing the washing. there is nothing. we are just suffering here. you are looking for something better, maybe houses, electricity, water. >> they killed him right in our yard. we go outside and we do not know who it is. go too far away during the night. it is better to say here. >> our government is corrupt just now, you see. they promise people a lot of things but they do not deliver. we have been waiting but we do not get nothing. mandela'sson successes, time and patience may be running out. south africa is changing fast. for the millions who have nothing, limiting -- living on promises alone is not good enough. >> robert parsons reporting there. reac

one that is united nonracial, non-sexist, democratic, and prosperous. diversity of speakers led to some interesting moments. a hand shake that will not be well received by some in america. but the day was not about politics, it was about a man a man who was the face of man's humanity to man. >> also braving the rains in south africa, reporting from johannesburg all day. >> well, it's been a long and historic day here. as world leaders and south africans gather to remember and to celebrate nelson mandela. the gates opened at about 6:30 here, people flooded in. the rain just pours down all day long, so that may have kept the attendan down just a little bit. we figure 80,000 or so at tops in this 92,000 seat stadium, interestingly, president barack obama got the biggest cheers of the day, and south african president was booed whenever his face appears on the big screen. the president apparently out of favor with some in south africa right now. a tremendous energic dancing chanting stomping crowd on hand, and here is the way some of them looked at the impor

. >> the demand in this country is for a nonracial society. >> teichner: mandela-- rebel, prisoner, leaderiration. >> africa, mayibuye! >> teichner: when i first came to south africa in 1987, apartheid was the way of life. blacks had no vote, no power, no say. it was a brutal, racist system that in 1948 was made the law of the land. >> the laws were unjust laws, and they did not oblige obedience. >> teichner: archbishop desmond tutu remembers how it began, as mandela rose in the ranks of leadership of a civil rights group called the african national congress, the a.n.c. >> they were the revolutionaries of their day. they were the wild young men. >> teichner: former "time" magazine editor rick stengel spent countless hours in private conversation with mandela while collaborating on mandela's autobiography. >> mandela went to johannesburg as a young man and was treated in the terrible way that young black men were treated in the 1950s. i think this had a huge effect on him. >> teichner: mandela was in the forefront of growing resistance by the a.n.c., which began to protest the hated laws re

memorialized in the south african constitution is a commitment to social and economic justice, to nonracialism to nonbe sexism -- nonsexism, to picking sexual orientation as protected as any other category and to social justice and egalitarianism. so there's a way in which at least those goals as far as the country, certainly, and the party certainly falls short of those goals, but at least those goals are codified and understood as the core values of the country. >> and i think we'd like to think that those are the core values here. but as you say, their not often -- they're not often articulated in any real way. with that, why -- love to open it up to questions from the audience. about what doug has talked about, about the book, about south africa. please. >> hi. >> hi. >> i'll go first. it's been said that the reason for the transition of power, the reason that was peaceful is because it didn't bring about any real economic reform that absent like real land redistribution, the inequalities were due to continue and, with the poverty and the violation. can could you comment on that? >> sure.

that had their goal that was announced in 1994 of becoming a nonracial, nonsexist, non-homophobic ande a galloping society. big dreams for a very troubled place. >> so just to be clear, so why was it that they didn't like the idea that they could have been surprised by what they saw? >> well, because if you come up in marxist leninist thought end you have done the right of study about the objective conditions that are shaping history, then the last thing you'd ever want to admit is something caught you by surprise. >> you've got this wonderful line early on in the book, and of going to just read it in which you write you were intrigued by how a society stitches itself together in the wake of horrific traumas. and for me it's a very resonant because i think a lot about violence in this country. i think a lot about the western and how individuals and committees try to wind their way after experiencing such trauma. i would love to your thoughts about what this meant for south africa, coming out of what was really an incredible he violent period. >> you know, i came to this story after ma

a democratic, nonracial, nonsexist country. once said courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it, it was a triumph he per upon sized. born to a royal trail troublemaker mandela lived up to his name, after studying law he dedicated himself to the nonviolent struggle against apartheid, the system of racial segregation imposed by south african on the majority blacks, indiaians and other people of color. but a massacre led him and his party to abandon civil disobedience and take armed. he spent almost 28 years behind bars. mandela's at times brutal imprisonment led to tuberculosis and damaged eyesight. the world clammored for the release of the man that became the symbol of civil rights movement. finally, he walked out of prison, to thunderous applause. four years later he was elected south africa's first black president. let's exam the man behind that status. our first guest had a strong personal connection to nelson mandela. he taught him and his grandmother visited the south african leadner prison. he joins us

he told a story of a man who fought for a nonracial south africa. >> the soweto uprising when youthsrotested about the use of afrikaans clashed police, sparking a nation-wide revolution. within months the landscape changed. the process of achieving democracy moved to another level. at that time he'd been on robben island for a decade. his fellow prisoner of the same generation arrived on the island in 1977. one of a group of student leaders sentenced to prison. >> the first time we saw nelson mandela on the island was in the reception area. it was my co-accused and i. we saw a tall figure walking in a stately manner. a couple of us said, "that's nelson mandela." others said, "no, it can't be, he can't be that old.". >> i think there was a sense of disbelief, a sense of confusion about what we represented. it was newer for leadership to be in the hands of people in their early 20s. he could not accept that the events unfurling in the country were as a result of youth of the protest, youthful organization. >> yet, says cooper, nelson mandela would listen. >> you could sense the resista

> mandela and his co-defendants use the trial to condemn apartheid and espouse their hopes for a nonracialuth africa. the trial lasts six months and culminates with mandela delivering a stirring four-hour speech. >> during my lifetime, i have dedicated myself to this struggle of the african people. i have fought against white domination. >> i fought against black domination. i cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society. >> where all persons live together in harmony. >> it is an idea i hope to live for and achieve. >> but if needs be, sit an ideal for which i'm prepared to die. >> and that encapsulates the spirit of the man that is nelson mandela. >> on june 11, 1964, mandela and all but one of the defendants are convicted of treason. the sentence will be handed down the following day. >> right up to the end, no one knew whether it would be death of life in prison. >> they are prepared, if necessary, to give the last full measure. >> if he was to die, he would tie like he called it, a man. >> we were mentally prepared for the worst. >> mandela and the others will not face the gall

be, for us, in fact, it's going to be a test because we have to perpetuate his vibrant vision of nonracialke sure we fight against white domination and black domination because these are the ideals for which he was prepared to die for. and these are the ideals that he transmitted from one generation to another. >> a life we singularly celebrate today. again, time for a very special performance. here to perform "one by one," please welcome the cast of "the lion king." ♪ ♪ one by one seasons go by ♪ ♪ seasons go by season go by ♪ ♪ one by one season go by season go by ♪ ♪ season go by season go by ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [ cheers and applause ] i want you to be kind.ff i want you to be smart. super smart. i want one thing in a doctor. i want you to be handsome. i want you to be awesome. i don't want you to look at the chart before you say hi...david. i want you to return my emails. i want you to keep me doing this for another sixty years. at kaiser permanente, we want you to choose the doctor that's right for you. find your perfect match at kp.org and thrive. with my united mileageplus explorer card. i've

the policy of forgiveness, reconciliation and nonracialism was a.n.c. policy. it didn't take prison to do that. >> the regime tried to play down how badly it was treelting the a.n.c. prisoners. this photograph was a staged event. >> you didn't know this was taken, did you. >> we didn't know this photograph was taken. >> the government was trying to make the world think nelson mandela was doing light work. the prisoners wondered why for one day only the labouring got easy. it got tougher later, when it moved to an open lime quarry. 13 years of hard toil, breaking rock. a damaging reflection of stone damaging their eye sight. when they weren't labouring they were allowed visits in this gloomy building. nelson mandela's second wife winnie, an activist herself, came under a travel ban. nelson mandela waited two years between her visits at one stage. >> there was a minimum of six months between each visit. there was no contact, and a screen between husband and wife. winnie sat this time. a maximum of a 30 minute conversation, every word it of bugged. >> obviously th

one that he carried the promise of a nonracial, antiphobic society that the a.n.c. promised to create and there was a twist in it which was, "what have you done recently to help carry us your time today. >> thank you. >> the central african republic president is meeting with militia hoping to stop the violence there. fighting between christians and muslims killed hundreds and displaced hundreds of thousands. they face a massive human tare wan crisis. nazanine moshiri is in the capital. >> the president said he is negotiating with the christian militia group, anti-balaka. there are questions over who he's talking to. we haven't found evidence whether anti-balaka is one group, whether it's ordinary villagers or whether they are backed by former president francois bozize, who wants to come back and grab power. we are hearing reports from a french newspaper that there was an altercation between seleka forces and french special forces on the tarmac before the french president francis hollande left. there are question marks about the authority of president michel djotobia

nonracial and non-sexist democratic and prosperous south africa.ch in our own way the deep gratitude we feel for a life spent in service of the people of this country. and in the cause of humanity. the moment of our deepest sorrow. yet it might also be the moment of our greatest determination. a determination to live and to strive as he strived and to not rest until we have realized his wishes of a truly united south africa. a peaceful and prosperous africa. we will always love this. may their souls rest in peace. got bless africa. i thank you. >> and joining us now is reverend al sharpton, you heard the president of south africa confirming the news that nelson mandell ark the first black period of south africa has died. reverent al, are you there? are. >> yes, i am. >> reverend al, this is a day that people felt was coming for sometime, nelson mandela having been ill. give us your first shot at the history here. >> even though we have been watching for over a year the battle back and forward of nelson mandela and whether or not he was going to sur

us economist ourselves to strive together spelling neither strength nor courage to build a united nonracial nonsex cyst democratic and prosperous south africa. let us express each in our own way, the deep gratitude we feel for a life spent in service of the people of this country. and in the cause of humanity. that is indeed the moment of our deepest sorrow. >> a determination to leave as mativa has lived. to five, as he has strived. and to not rest until we have realized his vision. s a peaceful and prosperous africa, and a better world. we will always love humility. may your soul rest in peace. god bless africa. i thank you. and there you have it. the words you have just heard the words and that so many in south africa and around the word had hoped they wouldn't hear, but knew that they would. father of modern south africa, nelson mandela has passed away. what a moment this was. nelson mandela. greeting members of the south african rugby team. just ahead of the rugby world cup in which south africa won that particular world cup. this has mane so much to the nation and the word. we have ta

and in terms of the nonracial , thee of the struggle numbers of white he became involved were reallyw. there were exceptional people, people of great quantity and education and bravery like from , they had been in the communist party which started off in the 1920s as basically white involvement of a few hundred people. it was never big. they tended to come from the british trade union movement on ,he one hand, and as in america immigrants out of eastern europe, particularly russia, a lot of jewish people who had with the jewish bunch of the russian empire. it was a party that sort of [indiscernible] and 1940s, with a large influx of black workers, he begins to change. theblack workers come to fore. there were african nationalist. they were able to also be members and became leaders with the likes of nationalist like mandela of the african national congress. ofinitially, in the period the 1940s into the 1950s, there was quite a bit of tension. mandela is a perfect example where reflection of this. as an african nationalist. he is a bit weary of the communists in particularly those wit

>> well, nelson mandela never stopped preparing for a nonracial south africa, the rainbow nation he talksout, even when he was in prison, toward the -- well, during his time in prison, he prepared the young men who followed him to take leadership positions once they left the prison. somehow he had that optimism that they would, so he managed to insure that they learned about leadership. and then toward the end of the apartheid era, he launched himself, negotiations with the minority white regime known as the apartheid regime and at one point, they asked him, if he would foreswear violence, they would release him and he said, no, i'm not going to do that. so he stood to his principles, right until the very end and he single handedly negotiated with the white minority regime to end apartheid, while he was still a prisoner. >> when he does become president, one of the most notable and much-imitated initiatives of that presidency is what was known as the truth and reconciliation committee. this was a way of trying to acknowledge and air out and reconcile the horrible, unspeakable crimes that

>> he was always committed to a nonracial democratic and nonsuccessful south africa. that's the way it would be. >> it was brand new. >> it was brand new. that was the dream, his vision. in fact, in one of his statements he said that is dream he would be prepared to die for if need be. >> how do you think he wants to be remembered? >> as he states himself he would like to be remembered as one of the people who tried to make the world a better place. he did not like people to fuss over him. he did not like the idea that people would want to say he's a saint, even though he was to some of us. but to say that, you know what, i'm an ordinary person trying to do my best. >> i assume in south africa for the next week or so, or many years they'll make a big fuss over him for a long time. >> we will always make a big fusz. >> good to meet you, a pleasure to meet you. thank you for taking the time to talk. >> in 1990, nelson mandela visited new york city. thousands gathered in harlem to hear him speak. jonathan martin is there to tell us about that and what the scene is like t

it's not the nonracial. it's from the point of view of the equality of all citizens.really has to do very much with an economic divide that continues to persist. as well as the element that create that economic divide. townships are divided bay houses. there are educational discrepancies between the community. i think that there's still more work, significant work to do to make it nonracial in the sense of equal opportunity for all. that was also mary robinson, next to archbishop tutu. and those two are part of the elders. >> pain on him and so many millions of others in order that our diverse south african family would not be -- >> a reminder from the rabbi of the pain inflicted on nelson mandela, as dr. frasier was talking about, earlier. those years in prison. he survived. in some ways he thrived. his spirit thrived. very tough on his body. >> oh, my god. yeah. the endurance that he had -- and he was a world-class athlete in the sense of the kind of rigor that he endured and put himself through. my lord, to have to endure that physical labor and the punishment, unt

the first leader of a nonracial democratic society. has been renamed the nelson mandela amy theater. there will al be a statute chew unveiled in this building. so the union buildings which were once the very symbol, now become a symbol and a memory place of nelson mandela the man that brought that government down and a very fit tribute to this great man, thank you for that. just outside the union building. he is involved with some people that are waiting to pay their final respects to nelson mandela. you can see thousands and thousands lined up on the streets waiting to pay their respects to south africa's father. he wasn't just south africa's father, he is also a father, a mentor, and an icon do the rest of the world. well, i think you have had a pretty good look at that long long cue, snaking around a couple of blocks. this is one sight, there are more than one with this many people waiting to board buss, and then to be taken off to the union buildings to walk past nelson mandela's coffin. these are poignant seens. they are cameoeds,

and so today as a correspondent in south africa, living froly in a nonracial country where anyone can marry anyone they want, where anyone can live anywhere they want, it's an extraordinary feeling for me. particularly since i, myself, am in a multiracial relationship. so it's a real transformation for south africa. and i think it's a real inspiration to the world. >> woodruff: lydia polgreen, with "the new york times", thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: we'll talk with south africans about the mandela legacy, a little later in the program. unemployment in the u.s. dipped to 7% in november-- the lowest rate since 2008. and, employers added 203,000 jobs. but the number of people actively looking for work remained near a 35-year low. paul solman explores the data and the debate over long-term jobless benefits right after this news summary. the jobs numbers touched off a rally on wall street. the dow jones industrial average gained more than 198 points to close at 16,020, breaking a five-day losing streak. the nasdaq rose 29 points to close at 4,062. for the week, the dow lo

insurrection when he felt he had a partner in the ruling party that was willing to move toward a nonracialmultiracial democracy. so that was a real impressive accomplish many and that was a way of distancing himself from certain elements of his past. i think another thing to keep in mine is that his legacy is really not entirely unblemished. there are serious problems with the party that he led and serious problems with the people that he chose as his successors. >> speaking of iraq in 2003, he said, if there is a country that has committed unspeakable atrocities in the world, that is the united states of america. they don't care. that is from before the war in iraq had been launched. he hugged fidel castro and called him an inspiration to all freedom loving people. i don't know that you can really call fidel castro somebody on the side of freedom. what's your take on where mandela was when it came to some of his critiques of the united states, the harshest ones and his embracing some people that were not so great. >> i think nelson mandela was an honest man, a decent man. he was a revolut

reporter: mandela and his codefendants use the trial to condemn apartheid and espouse her hopes for a nonracialouth africa. the trial lasts six months and culminates with mandela delivering a stirring four-hour speech. >> during my lifetime, i have dedicated myself to the struggle of the african people. i have fought against white domination. and i've fought against black domination. i have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society. which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. it is an ideal which i hope to live for and to achieve. but if needs be, it is an ideal for which i am prepared to die. >> and that encollapse latapsul beautifully the spirit of the man that is nelson mandela. >> reporter: on june 11th, 1964, mandela and all but one of the rivonia defendants are convicted of treason. the sentence will be handed down the following day. >> right up till the end, nobody knew whether it was going to be the death sentence or life imprisonment. >> reporter: mandela and the others are prepared, if necessary, to give the last full measure. >> if he was to di

south africa next year will celebrate its 20th year of a nonracial democracy. as reverent sharpton said, that was the stamp on the country. in his passing, one hopes that in the middle of the sadness, people remember what he stood for and what he wanted out of this is own country and the world. >> here with us tonight on the passing of nelson mandela. president obama will deliver a statement on the passing of the former south african president coming up here in about 4 1/2 minutes as soon as the president comes out. we will bring you his remarks live. president obama to speak from the white house in just a few moments. let's bring in nbc's andrea mitchell. such a full life led by nelson mandela. if you could speak about the escalating international pressure to release him back in 1990, what was that like? this must have been a real global effort. >> it was indeed. it began before that. during the reagan years, initially president reagan is very much against apartheid and he was led to the position finally of opposing apartheid by george schultz. a rising star a

grow and progress and evolve after he is gone, and that he had set the template for democratic, nonracial capitalistic country that will thrive in the 21st century. i think that is what he would like us to talk about. one of the things i noticed in all the interviews we did, he was self-consciously modest, but what i would say, when you did this, and he would say, no, richard, it was we, the anc but when i would say when the anc did this, he would say, no, richard, that was me, so i think he is a little bit ambivalent so he would love us to be talking about him in the referential, warm and loving way we are but i think he, remember, you know,, the struggle is my life, he said, and he wanted to make sure his country and his people were provided for. >> rose: south africa. >> your wife is out african. >> both from cape town. >> rose: wow. how did you begin to know him and work with him? >> i got to meet him on his extraordinary historic visit to new york and, you know, being ceo of the hotels at the time i helped out on the logistics and our beloved friend, robert de niro and his generosity

us commit ourselves to strive together, sparing neither strength nor courage to build a united, nonracialc and prosperous south africa. let us express each in our own way the deep gratitude we feel for a life spent in service of the people of this country and in the cause of humanity. that is indeed the moment of our deepest sorrow, yet it must also be the moment of our greatest determination. a determination to live as he has lived, to strive as he has strived, and to not rest until we have realized his vision of a truly united south africa, a peaceful and prosperous africa, and a better world. we will always love you. may your soul rest in peace. god bless africa. i thank you. >> tragic news for the world. south african president jacob zuma announcing the death of former south african president and much more than that, the man who fought for freedom in south africa, nelson mandela, who died at 95. i want to bring in robin kurnow in johannesburg. this has been a day that many of us have been expecting for some time, he's 95, has had health problems, but truly a devastating loss not just

. >> what do we want in this country is a nonracial democracy. we do not think in terms of color at all. >> the biggest issue that i see out in the horizon is how do we make sure an economy works for everybody? >> the greatest single challenge facing our globalized world is to combat the eradicate its disparities. >> how do we do those things that e deuce the equality in our society and broaden equality? >> he was a communist, this man. he was a communist. >> i would make the argument that we have a great injustice right now in the country with an ever-increasing size of government that's taking over and controlling people's lives and obama care is front and center of that. >> yes! he just compared fighting the health care law to fighting aparthe apartheid. >>> a freedom fighter, a radical, a disrupter of the highest order. his birth name means pulling branches of a tree and pull he did. president mandela not only freed a nation, he reminded the world of our common humanity. he put the good of the south african people, all south africans, above a

mandela has lead his people in to south africa and nonracial and united south africa in its quest forlity, and the well-being of all of its children. a nation overcoming the consequences of colonialism, slavery, and racial segregation. [speaking in spanish] setting a camp of integrity and perseverance. mandela, later head of the -- reduced inequality, and create opportunities for all. [speaking spanish] [speaking in spanish] >> mandela has set out an intermountble example to latin america and the caribbeans, which are currently moving toward unity and integration for the benefit of their people. on the basis of respect for diversity and -- [inaudible] that it is only through dialogue and cooperation that discovered can be resolved in a civilized and civilized relationship between those who think differently. [speaking spanish] [speaking spanish] >> translator: mandela's life teaches us only the concerted effort of all nations will empower humanity to respond to the enormous challenges that today threaten its very existence. [speaking in spanish] [speaking spanish] >> translator: cuba,

>> i think that, you know, the vision that mandela articulated 20 years ago for a nonracial, nonsexist, nonhomophobic and more egalitarian society, it's that last piece of it that proved to be harder than he or any of the people who came into government with him expected. inequality has widened as it did around the world and that has been a huge challenge. i think as we head into the presidential election of 2014, the election in april, that will be the key issue at work as people position for the presidential election. >> normally, just last one, when inequality becomes the major issue, the government plays a larger role, the free market, a smaller role. do you expect that to be the direction of south africa? >> that's the debate. you come out of a situation of apartheid which was nearly half a century of a very extreme and peculiar form of racial segregation where race and class were so tightly intertwined, and of course, there was a role as there had been under the apartheid government for the state to redirect things. there's a very active debate about what form that intervention s

, four years later in 1994 when fights stood with blacks in line to vote in south africa's first nonracial to elect nelson mandela, president. >> he wins them over. he seduces them. >> the book "playing the enemy" was turned in to the movie. there is no better example of how he seduced all races than the day south africa beat new zealand in the 1995 rugby world cup final. >> goal. >> rugby had been the white man's sport. the green jersey a symbol of apartheid for blacks. but here was south africa's first black president being cheered as he walked on to the field wearing one. >> it was a moment when all south africa crowned mandela king. to achieve that is one of the great political achievements of all time. >> he came out of prison an old man in a changed landscape, starting over. what gave him the will to become a statesman. a nobel prize winner, the friend and confidante of world leaders. the price was high, his marriage to winnie ended in divorce he was father to his country not to his own children. >> he understood that sacrifice, i think it was a great sacrifice because he truly loved

it led them to conclude mandela said that their policy to achieve a nonracial state through nonviolencemandela went on to co-found what would become the armed wing of the african national congress, spear of the nation which would commit its first attack on the government in december 1961. they explained their thinking in a manifesto, the time comes in the life of any nation when there remain only two choices, submit or fight. that time has now come to south africa. we shall not submit, and we have no choice but to hit back by all means in our power in defense of our people, our future and our freedom. mandela wanted to start up with the form of violence that inflicted the least harm against individuals, the goal of sabotage over killing. but spear of the nations targeted attacks would end up killing at least 63 people. spear of the nation and the anc were deemed a terrorist organization by the south african government and the united states. mandela and his movement would ultimately move back toward nonviolent resistance but charlayne hunter-gault said something important on this show la

according to john campbell, a senior fellow at the council of , nelsonrelations mandela is a nonracialording to the rule of law pt is the president of the consulates of foreign relations. ambassador, this moment has been a long time coming. what is the view forward? >> south africa was the beneficiary for two grateful things. first was the peaceful transition of apartheid to a new political system and his own willingness to live -- and to give up political power after one term as president. the problem has been since then, the challenge is institutionalizing them up or see, making it a viable economy. -- institutionalizing democracy, making it a viable economy. >> what could be a positive u.s. policy e we have paid lip service but is very tangible projection of washington to benefit south africa and the rest of the sub-saharan continent? >> absolutely. africa will grow south of the , five percent. i think the real possibility is with the growing trade to the u.s. market. we are beginning to see private investment, private equity, and other forms of investment going into south of the sa

would feel best that he laid his foundation that everybody builds off now, that he has created this nonracialocracy and that they should build on it. i think that is true. even his successors have not had the same bar of achievement as nelson mandela. well, who really would? >> as we watch the end of the life and a celebration of a life i'm always struck by it is two things that happened to create a giant like nelson mandela, history and a moment in history and something that resides in a person. and when they are joined, then you have -- >> yes. charlie, i told you this before. mendandel mandela's great mentor and his patron when he first came to johannesburg, he was a real estate broker in soweto, and he was just in the anc, wanted it to become a national mass movement. one day the door opened and a mass leader walked into my office. it was nelson mandela. >> yeah. >> that is so true. you know, it's interesting, people in south africa were telling me that you know, on this day, even sterategic in hi death because his final service is on sunday. we're going to go on sunday to qunu. the next