he would adopt tactics he needed to, to move toward his goals, which was a free south africa. a nonracial south africa. i think we can all learn from that lesson. be pragmatic. but be principled and be clear in your goals. >> and terry moran in south africa this morning. he put those principles to work from the moment he got into prison in the way that he treated his jailers and the way he treated his fellow prisoners. he treated them with dignity and respect. insisting he also be treated with that same dignity and respect. and took that time in prison, in a way so few would imagine would do. took that time to educate himself and his people. >> reporter: absolutely critical. i was at a playground the other day, george, right on the outskirts of the township of alexandria. that's when nelson mandela moved first when he came from the countryside. he moved to johannesburg. he lived in this township, segregated township. there i was the other day. these four little girls. and i asked them, what nelson mandela meant to them? we could go to school. we wouldn't have this playground if it wasn't

a nelson mandela posturing of nonracial south africa is ever to come true, it is colorblind isool life this one in -- it colorblind schools like this one in johannesburg that have to take root. integrated schools will become the norm. but that is a notion that is beyond the dreams of the millions of south africans who still live in townships. without electricity, without water, without sewage pipes, plagued by crime. , like you say. i am doing the washing. there is nothing. we are just suffering here. you are looking for something better, maybe houses, electricity, water. >> they killed him right in our yard. we go outside and we do not know who it is. go too far away during the night. it is better to say here. >> our government is corrupt just now, you see. they promise people a lot of things but they do not deliver. we have been waiting but we do not get nothing. mandela'sson successes, time and patience may be running out. south africa is changing fast. for the millions who have nothing, limiting -- living on promises alone is not good enough. >> robert parsons reporting there. reac

in south africa that needs to be addressed, but nelson mandela's whole demeanor of reconciliation, of reaching andto one's former enemy also the philosophy of the anc political party of a nonracialouth africa, i think, will lead to very different choices, or lead to very different choices and nelsonert mugabe mandela who stood for and believed and enforced a philosophy of reconciliation, a south africa for all south africans, whatever their race or religion, whatever their nationality or ethnic group. >> thank you very much for joining us. former u.s. ambassador to south , helpingjendayi frazer us discuss nelson mandela, a global leader who will be missed. this is "taking stock" on bloomberg. ♪ >> this is "taking stock" on bloomberg. i am pimm fox. >robinson cano with a 10 year, $240 million deal with the seattle mariners. tom devere is not about baseball, it is about football. -- this time of year is about football. there is a daily alternative for downtrodden fans and gamers looking to make a little money. street.com, draft and barry stiller has taken notes. his company recently purchased draftstreet.com. former on the popularity of fantasy leagues, i am joined by their chief

south africa. >> mandela and his co-defendants use the trial to condemn apartheid and espouse their hopes for a nonracialuth africa. the trial lasts six months and culminates with mandela delivering a stirring four-hour speech. >> during my lifetime, i have dedicated myself to this struggle of the african people. i have fought against white domination. >> i fought against black domination. i cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society. >> where all persons live together in harmony. >> it is an idea i hope to live for and achieve. >> but if needs be, sit an ideal for which i'm prepared to die. >> and that encapsulates the spirit of the man that is nelson mandela. >> on june 11, 1964, mandela and all but one of the defendants are convicted of treason. the sentence will be handed down the following day. >> right up to the end, no one knew whether it would be death of life in prison. >> they are prepared, if necessary, to give the last full measure. >> if he was to die, he would tie like he called it, a man. >> we were mentally prepared for the worst. >> mandela and the others will not face the gall

plenty die the in the struggle, enough to know ours was nonracial struggle for a nonracial south africa. >> how different was nelson mandela after released from prison, compared to the man he was when you worked with him back in the early 1960s? >> i found him consistent. worked through the inside in his famous speech, the one against white domination and black domination, wanted to live to see a society where he could live in harmony and was prepared to die for the belief. it was consistent. in the manifesto of the spirit of the nation he said in effect we'll fight to show we can take power, but we'd prefer to negotiate a political settlement. took 30 years for the apartheid government to be prepared to negotiate. much the man that called for the struggle called it off. he came out more mellow, but that came from being in prison. when you have time to reflect, plenty of time to reflect, years and years, and to refine the meaning of being non-racist. he came out at a time when thousands of people were killed by the out of control apartheid security forces. we had to find a way to stop t

>> well, nelson mandela never stopped preparing for a nonracial south africa, the rainbow nation he talksout, even when he was in prison, toward the -- well, during his time in prison, he prepared the young men who followed him to take leadership positions once they left the prison. somehow he had that optimism that they would, so he managed to insure that they learned about leadership. and then toward the end of the apartheid era, he launched himself, negotiations with the minority white regime known as the apartheid regime and at one point, they asked him, if he would foreswear violence, they would release him and he said, no, i'm not going to do that. so he stood to his principles, right until the very end and he single handedly negotiated with the white minority regime to end apartheid, while he was still a prisoner. >> when he does become president, one of the most notable and much-imitated initiatives of that presidency is what was known as the truth and reconciliation committee. this was a way of trying to acknowledge and air out and reconcile the horrible, unspeakable crimes that

not enough, enough to show that ours was a truly nonracial struggle for a nonracial south africa. >> how different was nelson mandela after he was released from prison compared to the man he was when you were working with him back in the early 1960s? >> i found him utterly consistent. he had worked through the ideas, his famous speech in the trial where he said he stood against white domination and black dom nation, wanted to live to see a society where we could live together in harmony and was prepared to die for the relief. that was didn't. in the spirit of the nation he as commander in chief said, "we will fight to show you we can take power, but we would prefer to negotiate a political settlement", it took 30 years for the apartheid government to be prepared to negotiate and the man that called the arms struggle called it off and that takes courage and depth of insight. he came out more mellow, but that comes from being in prison, where you are not burdened with daily arguments and detail and have time to reflect. years and years of time to reflect and refine the meaning of being

south africa. >> reporter: mandela and his codefendants use the trial to condemn apartheid and espouse her hopes for a nonracialouth africa. the trial lasts six months and culminates with mandela delivering a stirring four-hour speech. >> during my lifetime, i have dedicated myself to the struggle of the african people. i have fought against white domination. and i've fought against black domination. i have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society. which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. it is an ideal which i hope to live for and to achieve. but if needs be, it is an ideal for which i am prepared to die. >> and that encollapse latapsul beautifully the spirit of the man that is nelson mandela. >> reporter: on june 11th, 1964, mandela and all but one of the rivonia defendants are convicted of treason. the sentence will be handed down the following day. >> right up till the end, nobody knew whether it was going to be the death sentence or life imprisonment. >> reporter: mandela and the others are prepared, if necessary, to give the last full measure. >> if he was to di

he told a story of a man who fought for a nonracial south africa. >> the soweto uprising when youthsrotested about the use of afrikaans clashed police, sparking a nation-wide revolution. within months the landscape changed. the process of achieving democracy moved to another level. at that time he'd been on robben island for a decade. his fellow prisoner of the same generation arrived on the island in 1977. one of a group of student leaders sentenced to prison. >> the first time we saw nelson mandela on the island was in the reception area. it was my co-accused and i. we saw a tall figure walking in a stately manner. a couple of us said, "that's nelson mandela." others said, "no, it can't be, he can't be that old.". >> i think there was a sense of disbelief, a sense of confusion about what we represented. it was newer for leadership to be in the hands of people in their early 20s. he could not accept that the events unfurling in the country were as a result of youth of the protest, youthful organization. >> yet, says cooper, nelson mandela would listen. >> you could sense the resista

. >> reporter: in subsequent years he became a central figure in the fight for a nonracial south africand rose through the ranks to become the movement's chairman. >> you are all comrades. >> reporter: that all ended at a watershed anc conference in 2007 when he was booed by rowdy delegates and he was accused of acting unconstitutionally. it was, he believes, proof that people unlike mandela were not prepared to hear any view but their own. it was a time, he says, at which the legacy of nelson mandela was betrayed. >> this is not for which we understand we were struggle for years in which we learned about from nelson mandela and other leaders before him. >> the engrained culture of disrespect is so massive that we disrespect ourselves, we disrespect the institutions that we purport to uphold, particularly the constitution, and our leadership. >> i do think that he would most certainly feel betrayed by those of us who feel that something is not right if we did not raise our voices to say, this is not right. we don't agree with it. we don't associate ourselves with it. i think you would s

mandela has lead his people in the battle against -- to open the way to south africa and nonracial andn its quest for happiness, equality, and the well-being of all of its children. a nation overcoming the consequences of colonialism, slavery, and racial segregation. [speaking in spanish] setting a camp of integrity and perseverance. mandela, later head of the -- reduced inequality, and create opportunities for all. [speaking spanish] [speaking in spanish] >> mandela has set out an intermountble example to latin america and the caribbeans, which are currently moving toward unity and integration for the benefit of their people. on the basis of respect for diversity and -- [inaudible] that it is only through dialogue and cooperation that discovered can be resolved in a civilized and civilized relationship between those who think differently. [speaking spanish] [speaking spanish] >> translator: mandela's life teaches us only the concerted effort of all nations will empower humanity to respond to the enormous challenges that today threaten its very existence. [speaking in spanish] [speakin

for 27 years, and that kind of delay in a transfer of power to a new government, liberated nonracial south africaant that he really was in a position where the only wanted to serve for five years. i think this question about the mandela legacy gets raised, and also an assumption that everything since mandela stepped aside from power in 1999 has been a devolution. and i think in some ways this book is an answer to that. it says yes, a lot was lost both by the fact that there was 27 years in prison, the oppression and apartheid the lead to kind of constraints on what the new south africa could become your but also that it's a more complicated story than that and that there is a new generation emerging that will shape the country post-apartheid, post-mandela, post-transition. >> i'm curious, you know, i mean in reading the book it's clear that they have had very troubled governments, both the ability to deal with the aids epidemic to incredible poverty and trying to one of the things that's interesting to me is the difficulty people often have the at one point during the opposition and next being in

mandela has lead his people in the battle against -- to open the way to south africa and nonracial andn its quest for happiness, equality, and the well-being of all of its children. a nation overcoming the consequences of colonialism, slavery, and racial segregation. [speaking in spanish] setting a camp of integrity and perseverance. mandela, later head of the -- reduced inequality, and create opportunities for all. [speaking spanish] [speaking in spanish] >> mandela has set out an intermountble example to latin america and the caribbeans, which are currently moving toward unity and integration for the benefit of their people. on the basis of respect for diversity and -- [inaudible] that it is only through dialogue and cooperation that discovered can be resolved in a civilized and civilized relationship between those who think differently. [speaking spanish] [speaking spanish] >> translator: mandela's life teaches us only the concerted effort of all nations will empower humanity to respond to the enormous challenges that today threaten its very existence. [speaking in spanish] [speakin

charter drawn up by the leaders of the anc including nelson mandela had committed them to a nonracial south africa in which everyone would be subject to the same laws, protected by the same laws and which would pursue a policy of social justice. those prisoners went into jail committed to that cause, and they came out committed to that cause. they hadn't changed their dream of a non-racist south africa. it was up to the others to abandon their oppression, racial smears and scare mongering. south africa and the world were fortunate to have in nelson mandela a leader superbly fitted to bring about the necessary change. and the responses from all around the world in these last few days attest to that. he was a man with a unique combination of profound dignity and a sense of fun. a man of towering intellect and plain words, a man of deepest enduring commitment to the cause of liberty. and he was surely in the model of what every decent human being would wish to be. meeting him was a pleasure. he put people at their ease. but behind the twinkling arms and the charm and the self-depracating humor was th

strive together, spelling neither strength nor courage, to build a united, nonracial, nonsexist, democratic and prosperous south africat us express each in our own way, the deep gratitude we feel for a life spent in service of the people of this country. and in the cause of humanity. that is indeed the moment of our deepest sorrow. yet, it must also be the moment of our greatest determination. a determination to live as madiba has lived, to strive as he has strived, and to not rest until we have realized his vision of a truly united south africa. a peaceful and prosperous africa. and a better world. we will always love madiba. may his soul rest in peace. god bless africa. >> that was south africa'spresi. this evening at the white house, president obama expressed his condolences to nelson mandela's family and praised the transformative leader. >> at his trial in 1964, nelsonm the dock saying, i have fought against white domination, and i have fought against black domination. i have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. it is an i

you know, without nelson mandela, without his leadership, and also his ideology of a nonracial democratic south africaod in the streets. in this song, we celebrate our freedom. >> we've seen today, the long lines as so many lined up to vote for the first time. we see what the country is today. you are south african. there's been south african cast members all over the globe, as they perform "the lion king." what for you will mandela's legacy be? >> the legacy of nelson mandela for me would be, for us, in fact, it's going to be a test because we have to perpetuate his vibrant vision of nonracial democratic society. so, it's a challenge to the whole, to the rest of the world, as well. to make sure we fight against white domination and black domination because these are the ideals for which he was prepared to die for. and these are the ideals that he transmitted from one generation to another. >> a life we singularly celebrate today. again, time for a very special performance. here to perform "one by one," please welcome the cast of "the lion king." ♪ ♪ one by one seasons go by ♪ ♪ seasons go by season g

>> he was always committed to a nonracial democratic and nonsuccessful south africa. that's the way it would be. >> it was brand new. >> it was brand new. that was the dream, his vision. in fact, in one of his statements he said that is dream he would be prepared to die for if need be. >> how do you think he wants to be remembered? >> as he states himself he would like to be remembered as one of the people who tried to make the world a better place. he did not like people to fuss over him. he did not like the idea that people would want to say he's a saint, even though he was to some of us. but to say that, you know what, i'm an ordinary person trying to do my best. >> i assume in south africa for the next week or so, or many years they'll make a big fuss over him for a long time. >> we will always make a big fusz. >> good to meet you, a pleasure to meet you. thank you for taking the time to talk. >> in 1990, nelson mandela visited new york city. thousands gathered in harlem to hear him speak. jonathan martin is there to tell us about that and what the scene is like t

strive together spelling neither strength nor courage to build a united nonracial nonsex cyst democratic and prosperous south africa. let us express each in our own way, the deep gratitude we feel for a life spent in service of the people of this country. and in the cause of humanity. that is indeed the moment of our deepest sorrow. >> a determination to leave as mativa has lived. to five, as he has strived. and to not rest until we have realized his vision. s a peaceful and prosperous africa, and a better world. we will always love humility. may your soul rest in peace. god bless africa. i thank you. and there you have it. the words you have just heard the words and that so many in south africa and around the word had hoped they wouldn't hear, but knew that they would. father of modern south africa, nelson mandela has passed away. what a moment this was. nelson mandela. greeting members of the south african rugby team. just ahead of the rugby world cup in which south africa won that particular world cup. this has mane so much to the nation and the word. we have talked about his many accomplishments. so many of us

strive together, sparing neither strength nor courage to build a united, nonracial, nonsexist, democratic and prosperous south africain our own way the deep gratitude we feel for a life spent in service of the people of this country and in the cause of humanity. that is indeed the moment of our deepest sorrow, yet it must also be the moment of our greatest determination. a determination to live as he has lived, to strive as he has strived, and to not rest until we have realized his vision of a truly united south africa, a peaceful and prosperous africa, and a better world. we will always love you. may your soul rest in peace. god bless africa. i thank you. >> tragic news for the world. south african president jacob zuma announcing the death of former south african president and much more than that, the man who fought for freedom in south africa, nelson mandela, who died at 95. i want to bring in robin kurnow in johannesburg. this has been a day that many of us have been expecting for some time, he's 95, has had health problems, but truly a devastating loss not just for the people of south africa but for mankind. >>

we do so because he layed a firm foundation for the south africa of our dreams. one that is united nonracialn-sexist, democratic, and prosperous. the diversity of speakers led to some interesting moments. a hand shake that will not be well received by some in america. but the day was not about politics, it was about a man a man who was the face of man's humanity to man. >> also braving the rains in south africa, reporting from johannesburg all day. >> well, it's been a long and historic day here. as world leaders and south africans gather to remember and to celebrate nelson mandela. the gates opened at about 6:30 here, people flooded in. the rain just pours down all day long, so that may have kept the attendan down just a little bit. we figure 80,000 or so at tops in this 92,000 seat stadium, interestingly, president barack obama got the biggest cheers of the day, and south african president was booed whenever his face appears on the big screen. the president apparently out of favor with some in south africa right now. a tremendous energic dancing chanting stomping crowd on hand, and here is

africa. and of course a number of those countries became targets from the regime. and thus when mediva took his seat as the first democratic and nonracial president of south africa, theof head of state and government. >> this is live coverage of nelson mandela's memorial service from johannesburg, we will take a quick break and we will be back with much more. ♪ and welcome back to al jazeera's coverage of the memorial service, for nelson mandela, great to be here with you but want to take a moment and introduce our guests who have been terrific with us over the last couple hours and what a pleasure to have you with us d and. >> maybe i should do this. >> hang on. better? >> better. >> and this is the assistance professor at columbia university and pleasure to have you here and a professor of higher education and new york university, what are your thoughts on the memorial service so far, you two are getting a little restless watching which is reflective of what we are hearing. >> south africans. >> and we are hearing and as speakers are speaking we are hearing singing going on in the background and with i reminds us to talk about the importance of music not only to th

nonracial and non-sexist democratic and prosperous south africa.ch in our own way the deep gratitude we feel for a life spent in service of the people of this country. and in the cause of humanity. the moment of our deepest sorrow. yet it might also be the moment of our greatest determination. a determination to live and to strive as he strived and to not rest until we have realized his wishes of a truly united south africa. a peaceful and prosperous africa. we will always love this. may their souls rest in peace. got bless africa. i thank you. >> and joining us now is reverend al sharpton, you heard the president of south africa confirming the news that nelson mandell ark the first black period of south africa has died. reverent al, are you there? are. >> yes, i am. >> reverend al, this is a day that people felt was coming for sometime, nelson mandela having been ill. give us your first shot at the history here. >> even though we have been watching for over a year the battle back and forward of nelson mandela and whether or not he was going to sur

astonishing pictures, four years later in 1994 when fights stood with blacks in line to vote in south africa's first nonracial to elect nelson mandela, president. >> he wins them over. he seduces them. >> the book "playing the enemy" was turned in to the movie. there is no better example of how he seduced all races than the day south africa beat new zealand in the 1995 rugby world cup final. >> goal. >> rugby had been the white man's sport. the green jersey a symbol of apartheid for blacks. but here was south africa's first black president being cheered as he walked on to the field wearing one. >> it was a moment when all south africa crowned mandela king. to achieve that is one of the great political achievements of all time. >> he came out of prison an old man in a changed landscape, starting over. what gave him the will to become a statesman. a nobel prize winner, the friend and confidante of world leaders. the price was high, his marriage to winnie ended in divorce he was father to his country not to his own children. >> he understood that sacrifice, i think it was a great sacrifice because he truly loved

1980s, a time when south africa was a country that we con even visit as a result of the composition of my family. and so today as a correspondent in south africa, living froly in a nonracial country where anyone can marry anyone they want, where anyone can live anywhere they want, it's an extraordinary feeling for me. particularly since i, myself, am in a multiracial relationship. so it's a real transformation for south africa. and i think it's a real inspiration to the world. >> woodruff: lydia polgreen, with "the new york times", thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: we'll talk with south africans about the mandela legacy, a little later in the program. unemployment in the u.s. dipped to 7% in november-- the lowest rate since 2008. and, employers added 203,000 jobs. but the number of people actively looking for work remained near a 35-year low. paul solman explores the data and the debate over long-term jobless benefits right after this news summary. the jobs numbers touched off a rally on wall street. the dow jones industrial average gained more than 198 points to close at 16,020, breaking a five-day losing streak. the nasdaq rose 29 points to close at 4,062.

south africa. and in terms of the nonracial , thee of the struggle numbers of white he became involved were reallyw. there were exceptional people, people of great quantity and education and bravery like from , they had been in the communist party which started off in the 1920s as basically white involvement of a few hundred people. it was never big. they tended to come from the british trade union movement on ,he one hand, and as in america immigrants out of eastern europe, particularly russia, a lot of jewish people who had with the jewish bunch of the russian empire. it was a party that sort of [indiscernible] and 1940s, with a large influx of black workers, he begins to change. theblack workers come to fore. there were african nationalist. they were able to also be members and became leaders with the likes of nationalist like mandela of the african national congress. ofinitially, in the period the 1940s into the 1950s, there was quite a bit of tension. mandela is a perfect example where reflection of this. as an african nationalist. he is a bit weary of the communists in particularly those wit

nonracial society. >> teichner: mandela-- rebel, prisoner, leader, inspiration. >> africa, mayibuye! >> teichner: when i first came to southa in 1987, apartheid was the way of life. blacks had no vote, no power, no say. it was a brutal, racist system that in 1948 was made the law of the land. >> the laws were unjust laws, and they did not oblige obedience. >> teichner: archbishop desmond tutu remembers how it began, as mandela rose in the ranks of leadership of a civil rights group called the african national congress, the a.n.c. >> they were the revolutionaries of their day. they were the wild young men. >> teichner: former "time" magazine editor rick stengel spent countless hours in private conversation with mandela while collaborating on mandela's autobiography. >> mandela went to johannesburg as a young man and was treated in the terrible way that young black men were treated in the 1950s. i think this had a huge effect on him. >> teichner: mandela was in the forefront of growing resistance by the a.n.c., which began to protest the hated laws requiring blacks to carry passes, restricting where they could go. then, a ga

hard and so long and line in 1994, he was elected or confirmed as south africa's first democratic president. the first leader of a nonracial democratic society. has been renamed the nelson mandela amy theater. there will al be a statute chew unveiled in this building. so the union buildings which were once the very symbol, now become a symbol and a memory place of nelson mandela the man that brought that government down and a very fit tribute to this great man, thank you for that. just outside the union building. he is involved with some people that are waiting to pay their final respects to nelson mandela. you can see thousands and thousands lined up on the streets waiting to pay their respects to south africa's father. he wasn't just south africa's father, he is also a father, a mentor, and an icon do the rest of the world. well, i think you have had a pretty good look at that long long cue, snaking around a couple of blocks. this is one sight, there are more than one with this many people waiting to board buss, and then to be taken off to the union buildings to walk past nelson mandela's coffin. these are poignant seens

mandela has led his people in the battle against -- to open a way to a new south africa, a nonracial new south africa in its quest for happiness, quality, and the well-being of all its children, a nation that will overcome the consequences of colonialism and racial segregation. spanish]ing in >> an example of integrity and eradicatede, mandela inequality, and create opportunities for all. spanish]ing in >> mandela has set out an insurmountable example to latin america and the care being, which are currently moving toward unity and integration for the benefit of their people. on the baseless of respectful diversey and convinced that this is only through dialogue and differences can be resolved in a civilized relationship that will be established tween those who think differently. spanish]ing in us,s mandela's like teaches all the concerted efforts of all nations will compare humanity to respond to the enormous ourlenges that threatens very existence. spanish]ing in >> cuba, a country board and the struggle for independence, and the abolition of slavery, and whose children has african b

south africa next year will celebrate its 20th year of a nonracial democracy. as reverent sharpton said, that was the stamp on the country. in his passing, one hopes that in the middle of the sadness, people remember what he stood for and what he wanted out of this is own country and the world. >> here with us tonight on the passing of nelson mandela. president obama will deliver a statement on the passing of the former south african president coming up here in about 4 1/2 minutes as soon as the president comes out. we will bring you his remarks live. president obama to speak from the white house in just a few moments. let's bring in nbc's andrea mitchell. such a full life led by nelson mandela. if you could speak about the escalating international pressure to release him back in 1990, what was that like? this must have been a real global effort. >> it was indeed. it began before that. during the reagan years, initially president reagan is very much against apartheid and he was led to the position finally of opposing apartheid by george schultz. a rising star a

he would like us to be talking about how south africa can grow and progress and evolve after he is gone, and that he had set the template for democratic, nonracial capitalistic country that will thrive in the 21st century. i think that is what he would like us to talk about. one of the things i noticed in all the interviews we did, he was self-consciously modest, but what i would say, when you did this, and he would say, no, richard, it was we, the anc but when i would say when the anc did this, he would say, no, richard, that was me, so i think he is a little bit ambivalent so he would love us to be talking about him in the referential, warm and loving way we are but i think he, remember, you know,, the struggle is my life, he said, and he wanted to make sure his country and his people were provided for. >> rose: south africa. >> your wife is out african. >> both from cape town. >> rose: wow. how did you begin to know him and work with him? >> i got to meet him on his extraordinary historic visit to new york and, you know, being ceo of the hotels at the time i helped out on the logistics and our beloved friend, robert de niro and his generosity

nonracial democracy according to the rule of law pt is the president of the consulates of foreign relations. ambassador, this moment has been a long time coming. what is the view forward? >> south africaiciary for two grateful things. first was the peaceful transition of apartheid to a new political system and his own willingness to live -- and to give up political power after one term as president. the problem has been since then, the challenge is institutionalizing them up or see, making it a viable economy. -- institutionalizing democracy, making it a viable economy. >> what could be a positive u.s. policy e we have paid lip service but is very tangible projection of washington to benefit south africa and the rest of the sub-saharan continent? >> absolutely. africa will grow south of the , five percent. i think the real possibility is with the growing trade to the u.s. market. we are beginning to see private investment, private equity, and other forms of investment going into south of the sahara. this is potentially one of the positive stories on the world , with the world economy. it is not get as much attention as they should. hei want to bring in -- shared the nobel peace prize

south africa there. as we listen to the prayers, how did it become the multicultural country that nelson mandela wanted? >> it's multicultural by natural in the demographics. it's not the nonracialm the point of view of the equality of all citizens. and that really has to do very much with an economic divide that continues to persist. as well as the element that create that economic divide. townships are divided bay houses. there are educational discrepancies between the community. i think that there's still more work, significant work to do to make it nonracial in the sense of equal opportunity for all. that was also mary robinson, next to archbishop tutu. and those two are part of the elders. >> pain on him and so many millions of others in order that our diverse south african family would not be -- >> a reminder from the rabbi of the pain inflicted on nelson mandela, as dr. frasier was talking about, earlier. those years in prison. he survived. in some ways he thrived. his spirit thrived. very tough on his body. >> oh, my god. yeah. the endurance that he had -- and he was a world-class athlete in the sense of the kind of rigor that he endured and put himself through. my lord,