. >> the german foreign minister's tore of north africa was designed to take the region's polls. democratic elections have propelled moderate islamist parties to power in several countries, including tunisia. the victory to a german politicians by surprise. >> we should have used the opportunity in the last few years to approach these groups and deepen contacts. we did, nevertheless, respond quickly to developments. the foreign minister personally named eight envoy to north africa, so i think we are set now. >> when to nation's elected a new parliament, berlin was hoping secular parties would win a majority. >> it would be a mistake to live together all the islamic parties and strains of islamic thought in the different countries. you have to make distinctions. as a result of the revolution, there will be many islamic democratic party is in government in north africa. >> when the egyptians took to the streets demanding freedom and democracy, there was a space installed dubbed the tahrir lounge, giving activists a chance to attend discussions and lectures on democracy. now, german

improve life in the in the country libya already had the highest standard of living in all of north africa where libya does have it the ninth largest work global oil reserves and the top oil reserve in africa and that is what the national transitional council are being supported for in order that they should promote western oil companies western financial interests in libya and the people will just have to bear it out the people have already been bombed killed a little veritable genocide it's taken place as we've seen in iraq so in a way the same pattern is repeated over and over again where there's a double standard they think that they are promoting democracy but what they are basically doing is promoting the financial and geopolitical interests of the global power elite and bedded inside the united states britain the european union and israel's policies both egypt and libya the revolutions that toppled the previous regime seem to a failed to achieve democratic process that people set out to those people who are out in the free to fresh streets frustrated by the lack of reforms do you th

women in north africa wear traditional caftans on special occasions like weddings or festivals. western fashion is everywhere in morocco, but women still love to wear customs. >> translator: they're charming, and they're totally unique. >> translator: it's our tradition. i love it. >> hanna runs a caftan shop in casablanca. recently she's been getting much attention abroad for her caftan designs. her most wanted pieces are traditional caftans with rich designs. it can take up up to three mont to make a single piece by hand. while hanna has a deep respect for tradition, she updates them to meet more than trends. >> translator: in this kaftan, the motif is music. the sleeves are shear, and i've added musical notes in the embroidery. >> hanna showed her latest pieces in october. it is a wedding dress of pure white materials with gold trim. she even attached a wedding style. on this piece the shoulders and arms are exposed. this would never be done on a traditional kaftan, and it's won her high praise. hanna's new kaftans have been featured widely in magazines in many countries. in

second so cross cut when the arab spring broke recent laying in countries all over middle east north africa saudi arabia immediately gave their population a huge bonus cash bonus to try to appease them and this worked pretty well based on this high price of oil if in fact your scenario plays out oil drops to fifty five dollars a barrel the saudis can no longer buy off their population with the oil cash are they going to be in the line of fire for a revolution as we've seen in other north africa and middle eastern countries i believe that is the very reason what you know the price dropped in two thousand and eight before from one hundred forty seven dollars to thirty five and i think it's fair to say that there were crisis meetings all opec and all the rest and i think what's happened there's been a reaction to that you know they're basically entered into this sort of arrangement because they're prepared to give away some of the upside in protection against some of the perceived downside and yes if the prize those fall. they're going to need to look again well how on earth could they reinfla

and really the only available area that made any sense was north africa. so he went ahead with the north african decision over the objection of his chief of staff. in the intelligence world of course, you know, it's very interesting. so much of what we take for granted today with respect to our economy, whether it's fdic, the securities and exchange commission, there's so much that goes back to the new deal. but what we also need to remember is that the whole national security structure of the united states was built in the second world war. the development of our intelligence capabilities through the oss which eventually would evolve into the cia. the office of the national security adviser, it's a fascinating story, but essentially what many historians have argued is that only franklin roosevelt could keep all of this stuff in his head and when he died they had to institutionalize it and they had to create a national security adviser much like harry hopkins had done. they they had to institutionalize what roosevelt had in place. the former director of th

therefore, flying over sicily from north africa.e had to fly and do whatever you had to do, go right back. >> and on 11, july, things didn't go as planned for george bowlen. >> we took chase. and so the fleet opened fire, bowling was caught in cross fire. >> there were just bullets everyone. unof the bullets struck my plane. i thought i was going to be on fire. but... i'm checked instruments and i had no oil pressure he was forced to bail out into the mediterranean sea. >> i found out then and it was a lesson. out there, i just sat there. hoped. prayed. >> the following morning he spotted the u.s. destroyer. >> i did everything i could hollered and waved. that ship went on by, disappeared. and i was lonely, again. next thing i noticed it was coming back. this time directly at me. i said my goodness they want to run me down. but they pulled up alongside. >> in september, 43 lieutenant davis was recalled hem to train more black pilots in michigan. his 11, 99th came under attack. >> in large part accusing black pilots of being cowards.

therefore, flying over sicily from north africa. we had to fly and do whatever you had to do, go right back. >> and on 11, july, things didn't go as planned for george bowlen. >> we took chase. and so the fleet opened fire, bowling was caught in cross fire. >> there were just bullets everyone. unof the bullets struck my plane. i thought i was going to be on fire. but... i'm checked instruments and i had no oil pressure he was forced to bail out into the mediterranean sea. >> i found out then and it was a lesson. out there, i just sat there. hoped. prayed. >> the following morning he spotted the u.s. destroyer. >> i did everything i could hollered and waved. that ship went on by, disappeared. and i was lonely, again. next thing i noticed it was coming back. this time directly at me. i said my goodness they want to run me down. but they pulled up alongside. >> in september, 43 lieutenant davis was recalled hem to train more black pilots in michigan. his 11, 99th came under attack. >> in large part accusing black pilots of being coward

therefore, flying over sicily from north africa.e had to fly and do whatever you had to do, go right back. >> and on 11, july, things didn't go as planned for george bowlen. >> we took chase. and so the fleet opened fire, bowling was caught in cross fire. >> there were just bullets everyone. unof the bullets struck my plane. i thought i was going to be on fire. but... i'm checked instruments and i had no oil pressure he was forced to bail out into the mediterranean sea. >> i found out then and it was a lesson. out there, i just sat there. hoped. prayed. >> the following morning he spotted the u.s. destroyer. >> i did everything i could hollered and waved. that ship went on by, disappeared. and i was lonely, again. next thing i noticed it was coming back. this time directly at me. i said my goodness they want to run me down. but they pulled up alongside. >> in september, 43 lieutenant davis was recalled hem to train more black pilots in michigan. his 11, 99th came under attack. >> in large part accusing black pilots of being cowards.

therefore, flying over sicily from north africa.e had to fly and do whatever you had to do, go right back. >> and on 11, july, things didn't go as planned for george bowlen. >> we took chase. and so the fleet opened fire, bowling was caught in cross fire. >> there were just bullets everyone. unof the bullets struck my plane. i thought i was going to be on fire. but... i'm checked instruments and i had no oil pressure he was forced to bail out into the mediterranean sea. >> i found out then and it was a lesson. out there, i just sat there. hoped. prayed. >> the following morning he spotted the u.s. destroyer. >> i did everything i could hollered and waved. that ship went on by, disappeared. and i was lonely, again. next thing i noticed it was coming back. this time directly at me. i said my goodness they want to run me down. but they pulled up alongside. >> in september, 43 lieutenant davis was recalled hem to train more black pilots in michigan. his 11, 99th came under attack. >> in large part accusing black pilots of being cowards.

in command of the american forces for the invasion of north africa. lieutenant general george s. patton, jr. one of the outstanding features of the brief campaign was patton's bold leadership and later, the favorable impression he created on french and arabs alike. long-range plans could now be discussed, plans which would cast the toughest general in a leading role. meanwhile a battle was raging to the east in tunisia. his tankers when they roused to the pitch of the fighting spirit and entered the fray. allied leaders such as general alexander sensed patton's remarkable military gifts, his judgment, his sure instinct for what the enemy would do. patton set a tank trap for rommel. rommel marched right into it. his tenth division lost half of its 60 tanks. retired and never attempted a counterattack. his reputation grew. he looked forward eagerly to his next campaign. he'd been selected to command a new army, the seventh. slated for the conquest of sicily. an order of the day from patton to his men. remember that we as attackers have the initiative. we must retain this tremendous

the research group arabia monitor says the middle east and north africa historically received up to 70%eration council or gcc. >> the north african states offer a lot of opportunities for the gulf nations. in proximity to europe, they offer cheap labor, cheap natural resources and many of the gcc nations an north african states, it's win-win situation. >> reporter: the link between the arab states may be equally beneficial. analysts say the cash risch arab states will be looking for political clarity before they invest their money in this new middle east order. leonely canny, abu dhabi. >>> here in davos, they're still wrestling with the weight of the european debt crisis and the impact on global growth. the banking crisis is still impacting the region as it tries to put itself on the global map. uni leaver makes more than 50% of its in. >> two messageless coming out of the arab spring, if you want to. the first one is get our business back on track because people need to eat, people need their basic necessities. we're seeing the business bigger and stronger than what it was before. for

supporters of the new and the old regime has been seen in cities indeed across the country as artie's north africa correspondent refreshing or explain. in the last few days the situation has been very tense and dangerous and with. the number of anti government protests and clashes between the pro-government forces and the forces loyal to the ousted leader more medicaid are free taken place at different.

between supporters of the new and the old regimes has been seen in cities across the country as a north africa correspondent explains in the last few days the situation has been very tense and dangerous and with. the number of anti-government protests and clashes between the pro-government forces and the forces loyal to the ousted leader more money could be taken place in different towns all across the risks are indeed very high that the country may fall into civil war based upon the most deadly incident happened in the town of bani walid. southeast of the capital tripoli once known as duffy's main.

in tunis, the german foreign minister has praised the model for north africa.e also pledged 32 million euros towards the establishment of democratic institutions in tunisia over the next two years. funds have been earmarked for projects to improve governments, trained journalists, and modernize education centers. >> germany is looking to bolster positive developments in tunisia since the arab spring. >> now that tunisia has plotted a course towards freedom and plurality, it will be a country that germany will invest in with more power and intensity. that is good for both countries. >> tunisia suffered economic losses of 1.5 billion euros as a result of the revolution but that was due to lost production or looting. gdp has been stagnating, and tunisians lack confidence. after talks with the prime minister and the tunisian foreign minister, the message was clear, german help is welcome. >> we have clearly stated to the foreign minister that tunisia is open for new investment. as well as closer economic ties in areas like education and health care. >> the two coun

policy, which was a policy that was really put to the test this year with the arab uprisings in north africa. when the refugees were coming across from the other side of the mediterranean, the truth was that nobody wants to take them. >> we meet him somewhat in a room in paris. the 26-year-old tunisian was a male nurse in his homeland before the revolution there. his journey to the french capital started on his country is now lightly police coast line. >> it was still hard to cross from tunisia to italy. the crossing took ages. there were big waves the day we left. i was scared. i am not used to the sea. when we arrived, we were soaking wet, tired, and had not had anything to eat in almost three days. then he paid close to a year's wages for the voyage. he was taken to an emergency center, but no one monitored his movements. he said that young people do not want to stay in italy, so they gave him travel documents and let him go. that was it. he made his way to relatives living in france, but his status here is anything but secure. that is why he has an appointment with an employee from educa

we're confronting the nodes of al qaedaa in yemen, in somalia, in north africa, and, obviously, whatever al qaeda links are involved in afghanistan. >> pelley: have we defeated al qaeda? >> not yet. they're still a real threat. there's still al qaeda out there and we have to continue to put pressure on them wherever they're at. >> pelley: sunday on "60 minutes," we'll have a profile of secretary leon panetta who led the effort to get osama bin laden. today, the federal reserve looked at the economy and decided that growth is going to remain weak for a while. so chairman ben bernanke said today the fed will keep a key interest rate at near zero for another three years. anthony mason is here with details. anthony. >> reporter: scott, bernanke and company are signaling that a full economic recovery is really still years away. the fed not only pushed out its pledge to keep interest rates low for another 18 months. it also lowered its growth forecast for the economy. the fed now expects the economy to grow, at best, 2.7% this year, accelerating to just above 3% next, and 4% the following. and

we have seen it from north africa, a number of countries, through the middle east, and even in china, as a tool for free expression. >> of course, this has not always worked. in saudi arabia, we thought new technology would break into the conservatism of the government, the marquee tied in with islam -- monarchies tied in with his mom. rather, it tends to work the other way. instead of sending in e-mails and faxes saying, what about freedom, they send them in saying they are not strict enough, more is long, more sharia law. >> the first markets for these firewall software programs, basically sensorware for the internet, -- censorware for the internet, they were the ones to buy these programs and successfully install them. there are worker rounds, but that indicated the fear they had in those countries of those technologies. >> any information technology tends to be greeted by government. during the days of apartheid, television was there really to go to south africa because they were scared of television. in fact, it was only about 10 years before the fall of apartheid that it was wid

. ♪ ♪ >> over the past year or so, we have seen as a political upheaval across north africa and the middleut saudi arabia has remained largely unaffected. the country's strict laws and religious codes are mainly responsible for maintaining order and stability, but some, especially the younger generation, are hoping for change. >> expensive cars and traffic jams are common sight in the saudi capital and a symbol of life in the desert country. while change sweeps much of the arab world, it seems wealthy saudi arabia is stuck in its tracks. like many young saudi man, this one loves driving his suv, a pleasure that is denied to saudi women by law. he is 26. he studied in the u.s. and now works as an accountant, earning $5,000 a month. visiting a shopping malls is another favorite pastime but for the moneyed middle-class. but here, they're no cinema is and no concert tour non- religious events are all but banned in the muslim country. the malls offer a small degree of freedom for women, but head scarves and strict segregation are the norm. but amid the glitzy facades, some signs of change in sa

governments were overthrown in twenty eleven what additional risks does it bring to the middle east and north africa or indeed what action do you think that will require from the u.n. into twenty two let me say that i believe that the greatest. danger in terms of this debilitation in the next year if i make my if i may make that prediction might come from the very disturbing growing confrontation between the west and iran this is a very dangerous scenario russia has been working very hard in order to prevent the scenario from playing out but we do believe that the peaceful solution can still get the upper hand that we do believe that iran can stop. talks with the international atomic energy agency on those unanswered questions about their alleged former military activity in the in the military programs in the nuclear field with do believe that there is still a possibility on the basis of these and russians russian initiatives to restart the talks between iran and the group of the six of which russia is a member so i think that the the great focus of those who don't want to see a very dramatic escala

may be already had the harvest a little bit in all of north africa with libya goes how does the largest global oil .