it starts in north africa and it goes to sicily emma dumaiand it. the center of the story moves to northwest europe for that decisive campaign. so, yeah. guilty as charged, but there it is. >> i will ask him to write his own book. he is alive and well i can probably do it. >> good. thanks. my father is about to turn 90. he was a career army officer, enlisted in 1943. i get the same questions from him all the time. sir? >> i have a question. are there any examples in which we cannot act on ultra information for fear of giving away the fact we have that information? >> ultra was the deepest, darkest secret of the war. did not become public until 1974. so intensely guarded that first of all, there were relatively few people who knew about it. the distribution list at the national archives. there were about 500 ultimately who knew about ultra, privy to decryptedrom the intercepts. there were rules for when you contact on ultra information that you have. and the rules were pretty strict. they did not want the germans to the2 and 2 together because german

it's in north africa. and the second panel is sicily and italy and the third panel is northwest europe on that final decisive campaign. the mediterranean is a proving ground for that final decisive campaign in northwest europe. it's a proving ground for tactics and equipment, various kinds of amphibious landing craft, for example, or first tried out in the mediterranean and, of course, they're being tried out at the same time in the pacific and it's a proving ground for leaders who can do it. who can't do it? who can lead? who cannot lead? the senior generals and admirals who commanded in the med trainening are for the most part the same bunch who will command in northwest europe. eisenhower, montgomery, omar bradley, george patton, tedder ramsey, doolittle spot, alan kirk, beatle smith. it's a very long list. and britain preparing for normandy call themselves the med trainites. eisenhower speaks for all of them when he says the mediterranean theater will always be in my blood. this is eisenhower on the ee

we get four of them out of north africa, and they're really good. first division, third division, 34th division, 1st armored division and they're full of killers because that's how you win. you find men who are willing to kill other men and leaders who are willing to lead them to kill other men, and that's a painful part of the whole process then and always has been since the early days and is now in 2014. thank you, sir. >> while congress is on its summer break, we're taking this opportunity to show you some of the book tv programs normally seen weekends on c-span2. coming up, a discussion on feminism from this year's los angeles times festival of books. then from the las vegas freedom fest a foreign policy debate between authors dineshd' souza and dan mccarthy. that's following by poet richard blanco on growing up in miami. >>> tonight on american history tv, programs on sports and culture. starting at 8:00 p.m., a history the kansas city monarchs, author and baseball historian talks about the team. at 8:00 p.m., basketball hall of famer bill russ

we get four of them out of north africa. and they're really good. 1st division, 3rd division, 34th division, 1st armored division. and they are full of killers. because that's how you win. you find men who are willing to kill other men and leaders who are willing to lead them to kill other men. and that's a painful part of the whole process then and always has been, since the days of fucidies, and is taed oday in 2. thank you, sir. >>> with live coverage of the u.s. house on c-span and the senate on c-span2, here on c-span3 we complement that coverage by showing you the most relevant congressional hearings and public affairs events. then on weekends c-span3 is the home to "american history tv" with programs that tell our nation's story including six unique series, the civil war's 150th anniversary, visiting battlefields and key events. "american artifacts," touring museums and historic sites to discover what artifacts reveal about america's past. "history bookshelf." "the presidency," looking at the policies and legacies of

then left there and we made the invasion of north africa at arzu. our first mission was to capture oran which we did. that was our first getting into really a fighting. and we'd been taught of course all our life that to do the right thing and don't -- you don't murder, you don't kill, you don't do this. so our commanding officer would -- general allen, terry allen, and he got us all together after the first few days and he said you're going to have to kill the enemy. if you don't they are going to kill you. we had about seven, eight casualties going in. it wasn't too bad. we stayed in oran and left there and went on into further into north africa. we had terrible battles at casserin pass, and many of the battles where we lost some time as many as 70 and 80 guys in an hour. all the evacuating of the casualties was done by litter bearer. we had the eight stations sitting as close to the front line as possible because of that reason. so that the litter bearers wouldn't have to carry the guys so far. we were fighting on a hill, 609, just beyond casseri

you have hezbollah, radical shiites fighting radical sunnis and you have africa and north africa -- >> it's on the rise. >> islamic terrorist groups. they are all fighting among themselves but they all agree that once they destroy, vanquish their muslim moderates who don't share their views and behead them and do horrible things to them. >> you always hear wipe israel off the map. >> the radical sh radical shiit backed by iran. one thing they agree on, it's got to be an islamist hill and it's going to be world world dominated by their violent ideology which rejects human rights, rejects -- puts women in a channel. all minorities are eliminated. it's a terrible, terrible world view with these competing sects who want to enforce it on the rest of humanity. those of humanity will be left alive. a good portion will be destroyed. now, this is the danger that you have. 21st century weapons with early medieval doctrines here. wedded together. this is a great danger for the world. israel is on the front line facing this terrible force and should be given support and who is the world supportin

you have radical shiites fighting radical sunnis and you have africa and north africa -- >> it's on the rise. >> islamic terrorist groups. they are all fighting among themselves but they all agree that once they destroy, vanquish their muslim moderates who don't share their views and behead them and do horrible things to them. >> you always hear wipe israel off the map. >> the radical sh radical shiit backed by iran. one thing they agree on, it's got to be an islamist hill and it's going to be world world dominated by their violent ideology which rejects human rights, rejects -- puts women in a channel. all minorities are eliminated. it's a terrible, terrible world view with these competing sects who want to enforce it on the rest of humanity. those of humanity will be left alive. a good portion will be destroyed. now, this is the danger that you have. 21st century weapons with early medieval doctrines here. wedded together. this is a great danger for the world. israel is on the front line facing this terrible force and should be given support and who is the world supporting? is it supp

you have hezbollah, radical shiites fighting radical sunnis and you have africa and north africa -- >> it's on the rise. >> islamic terrorist groups. they are all fighting among themselves but they all agree that once they destroy, vanquish their muslim moderates who don't share their views and behead them and do horrible things to them. >> you always hear wipe israel off the map. >> the radical sh radical shiit backed by iran. one thing they agree on, it's got to be an islamist hill and it's going to be world world dominated by their violent ideology which rejects human rights, rejects -- puts women in a channel. all minorities are eliminated. it's a terrible, terrible world view with these competing sects who want to enforce it on the rest of humanity. those of humanity will be left alive. a good portion will be destroyed. now, this is the danger that you have. 21st century weapons with early medieval doctrines here. wedded together. this is a great danger for the world. israel is on the front line facing this terrible force and should be given support and who is the world supportin

and went on into -- further into north africa.we had terrible battles, and many other battles there where we lost sometimes as many as 70 and 80 guys in an hour. all the the evacuating of the casualties was done by little barren. we had the eight stations sitting as close to the front lines as possible because of that reason. so that the little barrens wouldn't have to carry the guys so far. we were fighting on a hill, 609, just beyond kasarein pass. i went to check on my men, and while i was there, there was a lot of big, big boulders on top of the mountain. we'll call it a hill. it was a small mountain. and i heard this kind of scraping noise over my head. and i looked up, and a german came down with a bayonet. went right through the fleshy part here, took my light field jacket and fell on the ground in front of me. we had been told that the germans were picking medics off with our snipers. and we had lost about six of our medics. and they were shooting the guys right in the head. so we were -- we were given permission to arm ou

and during the 2400-mile flight from north africa to the oil fields, a number of the bombers were forced to deal with serious cloud cover. so there was a little bit of a mixup in terms of their formations. and leon johnson's group broke away a little bit, he refound where he was supposed to be going and decided to continue his specific bombing mission. once he realized and got back on track, they found that leading elements of the bomb group had already bombed his particular target, and therefore he had lost the element of surprise basically. and he made the decision to continue his bomb run with his other planes under his command. and as a result, he lost some additional planes. his plane, the susie q., received significant damage and he was able to directly bomb his target and make it back with a successful bombing mission. i believe the 44th bomb group in that particular mission, they lost 11 planes out of 37 or 39 that they had sent in. and they were flying the b24 liberators at the time. >> we have probably the largest collection of american military posters anywhere in the country

and went on oran into north africa. where werrible battles lost sometimes as many as 70 and 80 guys in an hour. casualtiescuating of -- we had settings as close to the frontline line is possible because of that reason. the little barracks would not have to carry the guys so far. hill, 609,hting on a saline pass.caso leaned pas there are a lot of big boulders on the mountain. i heard the scraping noise over my head. i looked up in a german came down with a bayonet. it fell on the ground in front of me. we had been told that the germans were picking medics off with their snipers. we have lost about six of our medics. they were shooting guys right in the head. permission to arm ourselves. 45.d a we took our red cross geneva crosses off over helmet so they can see us. , and theyl the medic know they don't have anyone to take care of them. it is a situation you really don't want to get into. this guy fell on the ground in front of me and he got up and came at me with a bayonet. i reached to touch the end of andgun and he cal

. >> that means north africa as well? >> absolutely. africa, sub-saharan africa, south africa as well. we are looking at the gamut of opportunity. >> what do you see in sales over the next five years? >> we believe the industry will go up by 40% by 2020. our goal is to bypass the industry. we want to do better than what the industry is out there for. annually?out units >> in 2013 we were at 200,000. we expect to do better than that. about 3.9l market is million. we expect our share to increase. our share in south africa was 12.5% this past month. we think we're doing pretty well. >> if you ever needed to sell more cars. toyou drive from cape town cairo, what do you drive? >> i take a ranger. i take a ranger throughout africa any day of the week. >> how many oil changes? how many flats? >> no flats, three oil changes. we would definitely have a flat. [laughter] back to you. nichols, our international correspondent. it is 26 minutes past the hour which means that at this time for on the markets. a selloff today, the s&p 500 lowered by 18

admitted north africa to get shot at? when he was on his way back coming you take a detour to get them italian award and he didn't show back up in north africa for a couple days. nobody could find him. he met an italian girl and disappeared with her. turns out she was miscellaneous nice. so a buddy in italy was looking for this guy. by the time i caught up on him, those kinds of stories about those kinds of guys they think really get the book a lot of life. i could not written just a door, dry history book. it's not in me to do that. it comes alive and people get interested and realize not only does most of a repeat itself eventually, but we could actually learn quite a bit from that. after the world war ii section, it gets a bit more complicated then we get into korea and like a lot of people, korea to me as north and south. i understood the cause of that conflict. so i talk about that from the point of view of some of the people that were there. i should have pointed this out at the beginning that all of the planes that

can do in north africa and places like mali. there has been political unrest and the rise of al qaeda. that has limb r iited what the can do, but africa is the place where you are seeing this new model, small, lethal, u.s. forces conducting counterterrorism when they need to, conducting those operations, but really working to help train local african forces. that's what the u.s. thinks the way ahead in africa is to ensure that security and deal with terrorism and get that investment moving on the continent. >>> barbara, stand by, bob baird is our national security analyst and former cia operative. i suspect this has been a big issue at this summit that the president has held over the last couple of days with these african leaders and it will probably come up in the news conference, boko haram and some of these other al qaeda-inspired terrorist groups are gaining ground throughout much of africa. >> exactly, wolf, but it's a very chaotic situation because there's no indication that these groups are in touch with each other or any

the united states method of regime change of destabilizing the secular governments throughout north africa in the middle east has proven to be out there abysmal failure but should it not take responsibility for it now and try and solve the problem what they're trying to figure out how to solve the problem the surgeons that they have utilized within the general national congress and their efforts to build up the military as well as utilizing. was a former cia operative a defected general of from libya during the nine hundred eighty s. has not worked there other equally powerful forces operating the ground in libya and the united states is trying to figure out what method they're going to use they may decide to get allows some type of military force to get in and sort of a beachhead in libya but this of course will only spark more animosity and more fighting a possible grow war about those who are opposed to the u.s. backed militias and south of the country a pretty grim prognosis is. the editor of pan-african news wire thanks for your thoughts thank you. from an bahraini human rights activi

we're not just fighting to secure our town anymore, we are going to take all of north africa.y the leaders are meeting in cairo. egyptians are very afraid this is going to is held directly -- spilled directly. >> where does the government stand on what is happening in libya? >> they want to build a big wall to prevent it from entering. egyptians have threatened several times they could enter to stop any attempt at movement toward egypt. there have been troop movement on the border. hoping -- the militaries are hoping [indiscernible] one of the interesting features of the arab spring, and unspoken feature, is always speaking to a senior military officer in egypt and he said, all of you people, you report about people on the streets and what is happening with the muslim brotherhood. what you don't know is through all this, the militaries of egypt, syria, iraq, etc., we've been in communication with each other. they have acted as liaison. there certain opinions about how things should run. for an example, when mr. morsi at a major rally gave a speech or he said to people -- >> wh

the point is we have a plethora of challenges around north africa and the greater mideast. the issue becomes that. what's the trigger event and when do you start to act. you begin now to chip away at these challenges or they become much morrow bust and empowered going down the road. >> both of you please stay with us. this is a political crisis for the president of the united states as well. our breaking coverage of air strikes in iraq. will president obama go ahead. is it the only way to save hundreds of thousands of cpis to be slaughtered. another plane shot down in ukraine. a buk missile was used. and we're at the epicenter of the ebola crisis tonight. that's keeping you from the healthcare you deserve.. at humana, we believe the gap will close when healthcare changes. when frustration and paperwork decrease. when healthcare becomes simpler. so let's do it. let's simplify healthcare. let's close the gap between people and care. take them on the way you always have. live healthy and take one a day men's 50+. a complete multivitamin with 7 antioxidants to support cell heal

new approaches to the problem that have affected some parts in the central africa, as well as north africa in particular, which was in a sense an overflow of arab problems. we have taken a decision to establish a military capacity by the a.u. to be able to stop these. but the discussions were taking longer. we then thought, instead of going through that process, we better establish an action forth that must be established by volunteering countries in the continent who will have the capacity, the possibility to address these issues so that by the time we come to the ideal situation, but you are in a better position to deal with any matter that is going to arise. what, therefore, we are calling upon from big countries is the support of that initiative by the african countries, that they should support our initiative. i think that's one of the points we'll be making to president barack obama. >> a related question. south africa has sponsored a very proactive peace keeping force in the democratic republic of congo. are there plans to expand south africa's peace-keeping forces in the future? >>

british klum y a scholar of islamic theology, and from tampa, senior director of middle east and north africa for the national endowment for democracy. we've been talking about this new islamic state, but what about the majority in iraq, the mostly shia population that is living further east from this newly proclaimed state. are they hunkering down, getting ready for the next assault from west to east? what happens now in a country as divided as your home in iraq? >> reporter: well, the biggest problem is while you have an emerging confident, clear charismatic leader with a vision and a project, you look amongst iraqi leaders to see who has that project, and who has that vision, and what have they done for ten years with their resources and with the opportunity that they were given? not much. and that is what makessal baghdadi dangerous. certainly he has been able to sell that argument clearly to the sunnies, who have been marginalized. let us not forget it was basically the sunni cries who cleared iraq from al-qaeda when they aligned themselves and they did agree to be part of the political

it is linked, as you say, to the two spanish territories in north africa, surrounded by morocco, veryll areas of land. i've been to malea. the reason we went is to first of all see the border fence itself, spain has increased its defenses on that border fence because for the last few months, hundreds -- groups of hundreds of migrants have been going down to that border fence and sub-saharan africans generally speaking who live in the mountains of morocco, not far from malea and they go down in huge numbers or have been over the last few months and try and scale that very, very high border fence. now, spain's interior ministry told me this morning that part of the reason it believes that we have seen this unprecedented number of boats or people trying to make the crossing in boats and being intercepted by the spanish coast guard, those people are in spain on the mainland in immigration centers. the reason we have seen that, according to spain's interior ministry is because it put increased defenses on those borders, on the territories in north africa. >> tom, thank you very much for th

let's get more from the deputy director of the middle east-north africa and division at human rights watch. good evening to you. are you being unfair, as jordan puts it? >> not at all. we recognize the efforts jordan has done to welcome syrian refugees but what the reports highlight is there are a category of refugees from syria namely palestinians, -- from syria, namely palestinians, that jordan has not been fair to. we've seen a worrying development. forced deportation of at least 100 palestinians from syria, including women and children him from jordan back to syria -- women and children, from jordan back to syria in very dangerous conditions. >> why would jordan have a problem accepting palestinian refugees? >> that's the question we hope the jordanian government will answer. in meetings with us, they have said this is a problem created by syria and also by israel. they did not give us any convincing answers. what we understood is that they are worried if they allow palestinians from syria to come in hundreds of thousands, in their words, would actually come rushing to jordan, an

he is a middle east and north africa expert at george washington university. he has also served at the u.s. embassy in tripoli. they ask for being with us. talk to me about the timing. if these reports are true, why did the united arab emirates and egypt take this action now? >> there is a conflict in libya over the control of the capital and over islamist versus. uae and egypt chose this moment to step in and affect the balance. it had the opposite effect. the islamist militia managed to take over the airport and a large part of tripoli, largely in reaction to this bombing. it is very bad, too, because now libyans are sprawling on the -- scrawling on the egyptian him to see "go home now." involvement will backfire on any power that tries to interfere. >> is that the reason for the secrecy? >> these secrecy by the egyptians and the uae -- and i do not believe the egyptians have admitted to anything and the uae have been silenced -- clearly they did not want backlash. the u.s. has not been secret at all. not only did they mention it today and the pentagon brief

. >>> to north africa, 20 people, ind clueing a child -- including a child, drowned off the coast, believedbe illegal immigrants, on a boat of up to 200 people. the libyan coast guard rescued 16, but doesn't know happened to the boat. libya is a transit route for illegal migrants, dozens died since the start of august, trying to cross from africa to the european continent. >> thousands rallied against the government's request for u.n.'s help. the parliament called for international intervention as it tries to deal with the worst violence in three years. >> reporter: a mass demonstration against foreign intervention. these people took to martyr's square in their thousands to denounce their government request for outside military assistance. parliament believes that it would be the best way to deal with ongoing violence. but on the streets of tripoli, few agreed. >> the parliament is already dead from its deceptions. what i mean is it cannot implement the decisions on the ground. on the other side the rebels can. >> the parliament is sitting in didn't tub ruk, 1200km away, something the prote

organization has ruled that experimental drugs can be used to try to stop the spread of ebola in north africa as a spanish priest, infected by a strain of ebola in liberia, died in a hospital in madrid today. more than 1000 people have died in the current outbreak so far, and the world health organization has declared it an international health emergency. miguel contracted the virus when he was working as a missionary in the liberian capital. he was airlifted back to spain last week, and reports said he was treated with an experimental drug. he has died in hospital in madrid. there have been calls for patience in west africa to be given the same drug, which has so far not been tested on humans . now at a meeting in switzerland, the world health organization has agreed that given the scale of the outbreak, the untested drug can be used as long as certain conditions are met -- one being that all patients give .heir consent >> there was unanimous agreement among the experts that due to the special circumstances of this outbreak, it is ethical to aser unregistered treatment potential prevention o

organization has ruled that experimental drugs can be used to try to stop the spread of ebola in north africa as a spanish priest, infected by a strain of ebola in liberia, died in a hospital in madrid today. more than 1000 people have died in the current outbreak so far, and the world health organization has declared it an international health emergency. miguel contracted the virus when he was working as a missionary in the liberian capital. he was airlifted back to spain last week, and reports said he was treated with an experimental drug. he has died in hospital in madrid. there have been calls for patience in west africa to be given the same drug, which has so far not been tested on humans . now at a meeting in switzerland, the world health organization has agreed that given the scale of the outbreak, the untested drug can be used as long as certain conditions are met -- one being that all patients give .heir consent >> there was unanimous agreement among the experts that due to the special circumstances of this outbreak, it is ethical to aser unregistered treatment potential prevention o

there is going to be a decade or more of instability in this region, stretching from iran across north africa. we have to anticipate this. >> are you suggesting this is a reality of episodic military strikes, conducted by american forces in this region, that america will just have to get used to? >> i think it is just something that is going to happen. obviously, we are going to do as little intervention as possible, and as light as -- as light a footprint as possible in the region. america's vital interests are engaged in stopping the emergence of a terrorist state in the heart of the middle east that could reach out and bring devastation to friends and allies. come told aim to american shores and attack us, of course we are going to take action. were part of nato airstrikes in 1999, called a very different time. those airstrikes were very effective. you said there will not be american troops on the ground, but do you think isis is a force that can be destroyed or rolled back sufficiently to protect american interests without having perhaps some kind of a ground presence at some stage? first

thousands of migrants make the treacherous and often deadly trip from north africa to europe each year. the breakdown of order in libya has led to an increase in attempted crossings. on friday a boat carrying up to 200 people capsized off the coast of libya. ukraine celebrated its independence day today with a military parade displaying rows of soldiers and armored vehicles. pro-russian rebels countered with a parade of their own, marching captured ukrainian soldiers through donetsk. despite the tensions, attempts at finding a resolution continue-- german chancellor angela merkel was in kiev yesterday to meet with ukrainian president petro poroshenko and called for a two-sided ceasefire. and russian president vladimir putin will meet with poroshenko on tuesday. now to our signature segment. last month we brought you a story from the philippines about the slow and often frustrating recovery following the deadliest typhoon on record. tonight, another story from there, a nation with a population of more than 100 million that is growing increasingly concerned over how to care for its peopl

so they stayed an entire mexican-american unit all the way up noll until north africa. >> you talk about texas, you're talking about [ inaudible ] delrio, texas. half of testimony rio is here in silicon valley? >> that is correct. that is correct. >> your thoughts on the fact that -- the patch on these soldiers in company read names like gomez and gutierrez and whatnot. >> my thought on that would be -- i'm sorry -- >> i mean, it's got to be kind of a -- impressive to see the unit? >> absolutely. when you see the roster of these men and you see all the anglo names up there as far as officers, 'cause all the officers were anglo and all the enlisted men, every enlisted man in company e was of mexican-american descent. so yeah you see the names out there. >> and this isn't something that you worked on overnight. you have -- >> for a while. >> this has been an ongoing process nearly five years of research now, it's taken nee long. this is a story that took place 70 years ago, most of the men have passed away, we are losing -- losing them quickly here. so i thought it was very important to ge

hundreds of migrants have tried to breach a heavily fortified spanish enclave in north africa dozens managed to break through into million which borders morocco on the mediterranean coast using makeshift ladders more storm the barrier wall and waves most were repelled those who got in will now be assessed for asylum or deportation or this is the largest in months is frequently targeted by people fleeing sub-saharan africa trying to make it into europe spain is not the only country where african migrants are trying to make their way into europe says it jobs and shelter this week violent clashes broke out in france as eritreans and sudanese citizens try getting to britain through the northern port of color african migrants also risked their lives crossing the mediterranean mediterranean to reach italy's southern coasts and islands now boats carrying refugees are often overloaded many capsized almost eight hundred people have drowned this year alone and the un's refugee agency says the influx into europe through the mediterranean is already sixty percent higher than last year more than

now where hundreds of migrants have tried to breach or have only forty five spanish and wave in north africa dozens managed to break through into malaya which borders morocco on the mediterranean coast using a makeshift ladders mob stormed the barrier wall in waves most were repelled but those who died in it will now be assessed for asylum or protection. well the surge is the largest in months milena is frequently targeted by. are now africa trying to make it into europe and spain is not the only country where african migrants are trying to make their way into europe's into europe to seek jobs and shelter well this week violent clashes broke out in a friend's eritreans and sudanese citizens tried to get to britain through the northern port of calais african migrants also risked their lives crossing the mediterranean to reach italy's southern borders islands and coast boats carrying refugees are often overloaded him and capsized almost eight hundred people have drowned this year alone the un is a refugee agency says the influx into europe through the mediterranean is already sixty percent hig