. ♪ large-scale amphibious landings had been made successfully in north africa.ng up with the british, and the fighting french, other army units were arriving in overseas staging areas in ireland, england and australia. as our combat and support forces began to encircle the globe, our lengthening supply lines were stretched to the utmost. ♪ [dramatic music] an army cannot fight without food, clothing, weapons, ammunition, medical supplies and services, transportation, armor , and aircraft that must be constantly supplied with fuel, and is constantly serviced, repaired or replaced. during the fighting and vest -- during the fighting in the vast stretches of arid desert in north africa, a german general, the commander of the 21st panzer division remark that north africa is a tacticians paradise, and a quartermaster's hell. command is in america could very well have made the same statement. [explosions] on the other side of the world, in the southwest pacific, support for the combat troops was even more difficult in an entirely different kind of warfare. ♪ [dramatic

to burma, to australia, eastward across the atlantic to north africa. the length of the mediterranean. the middle east, and the southern route through the persian gulf through russia. to great britain, iceland, and russia by way of the far north. and ultimately the entire continent of europe. under land lease to our allies, the services of supply ships approximately 25 billion dollars worth of war material or. these included approximately 850,000 pieces of heavy equipment. thanks, locomotives, trucks, french forces in north africa, were supplied enough arms a material, to provide 12 combat divisions. millions of dollars worth of supplies went to china. flown there from india. to russia alone, over the submarine route to romance, almost a half million pieces of heavy equipment. vast stores of munitions and equipment, went to england, and to the commonwealth. are all of this, what we were supplying our own widely deployed forces, and building up mountains of supplies, for the invasion of europe, yet to come. the miracle of supply, achieved by the united st

large scale amphibious landings had been made successfully in north africa. joining up with the british and the fighting french. other army units were arriving at overseas staging areas in north ireland, england and australia. as our combat and support forces began to encircle the globe our lengthening supply lines were stretch today the utmost. an army cannot fight without food, clothing, weapons, ammunition, medical supplies and services, transportation, armor, and aircraft that must be constantly be supplied with fuel and is constantly serviced, repaired or replaced. during stretches of vast lands, the general remarked that north america is tacticians paradise and a quarter masters hell. an american or allied armed commander could very well make the same mistake. on the other side of the world on the southwest pacific support for the combat troops was even more difficult in an entirely different kind of warfare. ♪ >> the problem of supply is spoken of as logistics. more specifically it is the transportation, supply and quartering of troops. the procurement

we decided we would land in north africa. and so we tell the story in this north african farm house that we -- decision and the consequences. the problem we are greater face after we decide to go into north africa is can our troops actually fight the battle hardened nazi army and win? we are now entering the north african gallery at the museum. behind me over here is our weapons case. featured in this webinar handguns, rifles, shotguns, mortars, other weapons that we are going to use to fight in europe. included in this case is the m-1 garand rifle. which became the standard rifle. the treatment in the united -- infantryman in the united states army. we also have the m-11 a1 pistol in this case. it was designed by john browning, and it is going to become the standard issue, very popular pistol that is going to be issued to many u.s. army personnel. in the museum, we try to build in environmental challenges that the u.s. faced, our forces faced around the world in world war ii. and so in north africa, of course, the desert is a

from north africa to the pacific where u.s.d airfields on the island of new georgia. ♪ on the same day our troops took those air fields, soviet forces drove across central russia. key military targets on the italian mainland were being mauled by our air force. our ground forces were also hitting the enemy with devastating power. ♪ the crushing defeat suffered by the axis in north africa and patton's advance towards the strait of messina were demoralizing to a fascist regime. he once triumphant cesar god who looked like this at the height of his power and whose fascist legions slaughtered african tribesmen now looked like this. mussolini had led his people through a nightmare of military disasters. the king of italy ordered the organization of a new government and began preparing for surrender. the collapse of mussolini and his fascist regime brought additional german forces pouring into italy. from fighting allied, the nazi was now the unwelcome troop who would wage his battles a fierce resistance on italian soil bringing furth

they decided we would land in north africa and so, to tell the story in this north african farmhouse that we are standing in of that decision and its consequences. problem that we are going to face after we decide to go into north africa is, can our troops breed young citizen soldiers, actually fight the vital hardened nazi army and win? we are now entering the north african gallery here at the museum. behind me over here is our weapons case. featured in this weapon are handguns, rifles, shotguns, mortars, other weapons that we are going to use to fight in europe, included in this case is the and one rifle which became the standard rifle for and infantry men in the united states army. we also have the am 11 a one pistol in this case. it was designed by john brown and it will become the standard issue very popular pistol that is going to be issued to many u.s. army personnel. in the museum, we try to build in an environmental challenge that the u.s. faced, our forces faced around the world and world war ii and so, in north africa of course, the desert is as big of a challenge as the e

a chain of islands, on to china by way of india, to , eastwardaustralia across the atlantic to north africa the mediterranean, the middle east, and the southern route through the persian gulf to russia, to great britain, iceland, into russia in the far north, and ultimately, the entire continent of europe. under land leased to our armies alone, they shipped approximately $25 billion of war matÉriel, including approximately 850,000 pieces of heavy equipment, tanks, .ocomotives, trucks ♪ free french forces in north africa were supplied enough arms and matÉriel to equip 12 combat divisions. millions of dollars worth of supplies went to china. flown there from india. ♪ to russia alone, over the submarine routes, almost half a million pieces of heavy equipment, railroad stock. vast stores of munitions went to the commonwealth. all of this while we were supplying our own widely deployed forces and building up mountains of supplies for the massive invasion of europe yet to come. the miracle of supply achieved by the united states army in world war ii was historic. it represented the outpouring of

we experienced divisions in north africa, the general covered islands of the pacific, the illusions, where they had wiped out the japanese. now the blooded veterans of the north african army had landed on cecily. the drive for the italian mainland. millions more were training in the united states. we were well on the road to the ultimate victory. >> in 1940, our army was comprised of a quarter of 1 million men. three years later, in 1943, it covered almost 7 million and would continue to grow to 8 million. but numbers alone do not make an efficient fighting force. undisciplined and on equipped, even though the cosby just, never won a war against the train of the well armed and well led forces. thanks to the intensity of the training program, commander of army ground forces, american soldiers had never before been as well trained and equipped to fight as were our soldiers and world war ii. certainly the veterans of north africa campaign learned that intensive training pays off. now they were continuing to prove it in sicily. >> our drive across thusly was aimed at the keyport of ms. ce

kind of planting the idea that north africa is the logical place. north africa, and again they leave this meeting with not really settling the idea or settling the notion of where they're going to attack and so the americans are still convinced that perhaps the cross-channel attack is in the offing. perhaps we can still make that happen in 1942. so we've got to figure out who the commander is going to be. the british, as you can imagine recommended a number of their own officers. marshall was adamantly against it. he understood that the americans were providing the majority of the manpower and the equipment that is going to be used to take back europe. it's going to be an american commander, but who? so marshall in the back of his mind is actually hoping that he will be drafted as the commander. he's kind of laying it out there for roosevelt to kind of bite on this worm, but he's just not having any of it. roosevelt doesn't want to let marshall go, and so eventually they settle on eisenhower as the commander for europe, the invasion of europe. so ei

planting the idea that north africa is the logical place. they leave the meeting with not settling the idea or the notion of where they will attack. the americans are still convinced that perhaps a cross channel attack is still possible in 1942. we have to figure out who the commander will be. the british recommended a number of their own officers. marshall was against it he understood and americans were providing a majority of manpower and equipment that would be used -- against it. he understood the americans were providing a majority of manpower and equipment that would be used. he was hoping he would be drafted as the commander. laying it out there for roosevelt to bite on this war but he is not having an of it -- any of it. roosevelt does not want to let marshall go. they settle on eisenhower as the commander for the invasion of europe. so, eisenhower goes to england to begin planning the invasion of europe, or the cross channel attack. he writes his first letter to marshall. eisenhower will write 108 letters to marshall throughout the

with combat experience divisions in north africa, the jungle pacific,islands of the the aleutians, wherehey wiped out the japanese on attu. now the bloodied veterans of the north african campaign had landed on sicily in a drive for the italian mainland. millions more were training as in the united states. we were well on the road to the ultimate victory. ♪ ♪ in 1940, our army numbered a little more than a quarter million men. three years later in 1943, it numbered almost 7 million and would continue to grow to nearly -- grow to 8 million. but numbers alone do not make an efficient fighting force capable of winning the final victory. unequippedlined and -- rabble never won a war against a trained and well disciplined and well armed military force. thanks to the intensive training program under leslie mcneil, commander of army ground forces, american soldiers had never before been as well trained and equipped to fight as were our soldiers in world war ii. certainly the veterans of the north african campaign learned that intensive training pays off. now they were continuing to prove it in s

with combat-experienced divisions in north africa, the jungle-covered islands of the pacific, the aleutiansere they had wiped out the japanese on attu. now, the bloodied veterans of the north african campaign had landed on sicily in a drive for the italian mainland. millions more were training in the united states. we were well on the road to the ultimate victory. ♪ ♪ [rousing music] in 1940, our army numbered a little more than a quarter of a million men. three years later in 1943, it numbered almost 7 million and would continue to grow grow to 8 million. but numbers alone do not make an efficient fighting force capable of winning the final victory. an undisciplined and unequipped rabble, even though the cause be war against the trained and well disciplined, well armed, and well led force. to the intensive training soldiers hadican never been as well trained and equipped to fight as were our soldiers in world war ii. the northns of african campaign learned intensive training pays off. now they were continuing to prove it. >> hour drive across sicily was aimed across the narrow straight whi

and the americans and the british hammer out a plan for north africa. so they take place and casablanca and the british general in the east and eventually they're victorious forcing them to either surrender or evacuate. as you can imagine, the next question is what do we do now? so the americans want to focus on europe. the brits have promised that 1943 is the year of the cross channel attack. hey, guess what happens. three guesses what they come to the table with. let's go to sicily followed by the invasion of italy. let's promote him out of the position and promote him into the stratosphere so that we can make it a whole lot easier to get what we want and it didn't help that they gave a number to british newspapers arguing that the americans didn't really do much in north africa. it was mostly a british campaign. so as you can understand that didn't go well. that didn't sit well with their allies, the americans. none was bolder than the decision to maintain the 90 division so that's an important number and 1941 and 1942 of divisions to win the war wer

their objective to defeat an opposing british army and dominate fall north africa. in asia, japanese air and ground forces were driving forward in their conflict with china. only one of the world's major powers, was still not at war. the united states. it was a sunday afternoon in december 1941. the statue of liberty towered certainly over the new york harbor. as if she were the last symbol of freedom left to the crumbling free world. afternoon york early morning and why, and another great harbor, where american warships were. planes with cold engines grew idle on the field, when suddenly, without warning, (planes dropping bombs). the immediate japanese military objective, was knockout u.s. air power in the pacific in a single stroke. they reasoned that we were committed to entrance in the war in europe, convinced that we were incapable of fighting the two fronts of the war. the japanese or right in their calculations, to the extent that roosevelt and churchill, would agree that to defeat hitler, most powerful of our enemies, must have priority in an offensive over

their objective -- to defeat an opposing british army and dominate all of north africa.n asia, japanese air and ground forward in driving their bloody conquest of china. only one of the world's major --ers was still not at war the united states. it was a sunday afternoon in december 1941, and the statue of liberty towered serenely over new york harbor. as if she was the last symbol of freedom left to the crumbling free world. afternoon in new york, early morning in hawaii at another restedwhere ships dockside. planes with cold engines stood by at nearby hickam field when --denly, without warning [explosions] ♪ the immediate japanese military outctive was to knock -- navalates air power and air power in the pacific in one stroke. they were convinced we were incapable of fighting a two-front war. the japanese were right in their calculations to the extent that roosevelt and churchill were to agree that the defeat of hitler's, the most powerful of our enemies, must have priority over an offensive against japan. they followed sound principles of warfare, to concentrate the g

their objective to defeat an opposing british army and dominate all north africa. in asia japanese air and ground forces were driving forward in their bloody conquest of china. >> only one of the world's major powers was still not at war, the united states. it was a sunday afternoon in december 1941 and the statue of liberty towered serenely over new york harbor as if she were the last symbol of freedom left to the crumbling free world. afternoon in new york, early morning in hawaii. and another great harbor where american warships were dockside. planes with cold? gens stood idle at nearby hickam field when suddenly without warning -- ♪ ♪ >> the immediate japanese military objective was to knock out united states naval and air power in the pacific at a single stroke. they reasoned that we were committed to eventual entrance in the war in europe. convinced that we were incapable of fighting a two front war. the japanese were right in their calculations to the extent roosevelt and churchill agreed that the defeat of hitler the most powerful of our enemies must have p

some served even in north africa as in this w. a ac. they were not really covered by the geneva convention because they were contract women. they were part of that group in 1977 that fought to get benefits as well. the other services did not do that. leader in 1942 the navy established waves, women accepted for voluntary emergency service. they called themselves the spars. it was about a year later in 1943 when the army transitioned from the waac witches contract, to the women's army corps. the wacs served in every theater army of the war. except for the nurses. maybe nerve navy nurses. one of the pictures i love to point out here is that eleanor roosevelt was a great advocate of women serving in the military. these are the women in the for components who stepped up to be the leaders of each of the women's components. when i think about them, they came on board. there were no uniforms specific to military women. there was no training base. what do you do with them? how do you assigned them? what do we do? but these women made it possibl

very much on this programme over the course of the virus, give us an insight how egypt and north africawhen the pandemic started, there was a lot of fear and completely legitimate concern that the continent would be overwhelmed and generally the continent to the south would be overwhelmed where there are very few ventilators, capacity is very poor on the continent. my own birth country of sudan has such a small number of ventilators which circulate around the country. so, what happened was a pre—emptive shut down so if you compare what happened in places like egypt and sudan and north africa in general, to what happened in the uk, they shut down way earlier. airports were shut down, curfews, police and troops on the street making sure people are not violating the curfew. and that came from a position of extreme caution because authorities knew that the health care system couldn't withstand a coronavirus pandemic explosion. but what has happened is it looks like and, fingers crossed, the other shoe won't drop, the cases have been relatively calm if you compare them to europe, relatively

she went to england, to north africa as a waac. the boat she was on was torpedoed. toward the end of the war, she became part of the personal staff of general eisenhower, so this is this young woman at fort kent maine, and she's just kind of indicative of the women who served during that time, and it's wonderful to hear the stories of the families that come in and or they have had a teacher or whomever who served during world war ii. and you know, those women changed america. they came home from the war. they had the gi bill. for the first time, they could go to college on their own or get some training on their own, and they did, and they became our teachers. they were business leaders, they were involved in their communities in different ways because of the things that they had learned in the military. they were parachute riggers, link trainers where they taught men to fly. they served in various places here in washington, d.c. many of them served in intelligence areas. were part of the team that broke the japanese code. >> x-ray technician, inspectors of army mea

early on, they debuted in north africa in british hands.hey developed a reputation of being death traps because of explosions. a lot of people attributive that the gasoline. it was actually the ammunition combusting when the hull was breached. later versions, they took the lighter ammunition and put it in the lower hull. they are called what the storage tanks. -- called wet storage tanks. in the later versions, the ammo is stored in a double-walled box. between the boxes is a solution of glycerin and water. should the hull be breached in that area, it lowers the kinetic energy of the incoming rounds that the ammunition would no longer bust. that improved the conditions. that is another interesting point, this was a process of improvements throughout the war. it was designed in the late 1930's. when it was designed, it was designed to go specifically against the german tanks. it was effective against those. as the war evolved, new technologies came out of it. that challenged it quite a bit. they continued to improve the tank throughout the w

the second came in north africa. in north africa, he had sought through his whole career to have command of combat troops. he was dedicated to getting to that point where he would have direct command of combat troops. that was his ambition. major ambition. the british, however, maneuvered at the casablanca conference in 1943. they were really good, almost as good as the navy is. the navy is tremendous about -- achieving their political ends, as were some other people in ike's career. the british maneuvered and they inserted a brit between ike and combat forces. he had worked all this time to get to that point. he was supreme commander in africa. now he did not have direct command. he had to go through a british officer. you probably already know this. there was a lot of strain within the alliance. the brits were contemptuous of american troops. the brits were absolutely certain they had won world war i, not us. the brits were absolutely convinced eisenhower was a dolt. they had no respect for ike, and they showed it

still has the most media freedom in the world reporters without borders says the middle east and north africa continue to be the most dangerous places for journalists to work $346.00 journalists are imprisoned worldwide with china saudi arabia and egypt detaining the highest number of them their agendas mahmoud is saying has been in prison without charge in egypt for more than $1200.00 days there are concerns for his health during the pandemic director general most of us who are has written to world leaders urging them to call for the immediate release of mahmoud to sane and of all other journalists as well. india has dropped 2 places in the world press freedom index reporters without borders says a communication blackout of the indian administered kashmir area played a role in that shift its report calls the area a vast open prison that india's government maintains there is nothing short of absolute media freedom elizabeth problem reports. for years must but has been documenting life in indian administered kashmir the photojournalist says she joined the male dominated field so that she could

in the series, you have seen the reaction to the american soldiers by newly liberated people in north africaaly and france. to them, he was and still is a living symbol of freedom. he came to their land giving of himself. not for conquest, but to liberate, to defeat and destroy a ruthless aggressor. or we might well say, the aggressor. who like evil throughout history, lives on and who has been known by many names. the aggressor. who would dictate and impose his will on those he conquered and enslaved. not the least among those who stood up to him is the american soldier. he knows the price of freedom is eternal victory. >> there is an ancient saying

the series, you have seen the reaction to the american soldiers, by newly liberated people, in north africa, italy, and france. to them he was, and still is a living symbol of freedom. for he came to their land, giving of himself. not for conquest, but deliberate, to defeat and destroy a ruthless aggressor, or we might as well say, these people who like evil through history, live on and has been known by many names, these aggressors, who would dictate and oppose his will upon those he would conquer in a slave. and not the least among those, who stand opposed to him, is the american soldier. he knows, the price of freedom is eternal vigilance. if that is true the united states army had taken the longest and toughest road. arriving on the 4th of june 1944, two years and six months after pearl harbor and america's entrance into the war.

we haven't spoken about north africa very much on this programme over the course of the virus. north africa is coping. it is really interesting. the story in africa as a whole has been really interesting. when the pandemic started, there was a lot of —— fearand pandemic started, there was a lot of —— fear and legitimate concern that the continent would be overwhelmed and the countries of the south would be overwhelmed. there are very few ventilators, medical and health capacity is very poor on the continent. my own country of sudan has such a small number of ventilators and they circulate around the country, but what happened was a pre—emptive shutdown. if you compare what happened in places like egypt and in africa in general, they shut down way earlier. airports were shut down, curfews, police and troops on the street making sure that people are not violating the curfew, and that came from a position of extreme caution, because the authorities knew that the health care systems could not withstand the coronavirus pandemic explosion. but what has happened is that, it looks like

in this series you have seen the reaction to the american soldier by newly liberated peoples in north africam he was and still is a living symbol of freedom for he came to their lands giving of himself. not for conquest. but to liberate. to defeat and destroy a ruthless aggressor. or we might well say the aggressor, who like evil, throughout history lives on and has been known by many names. the aggressor. who would dictate and impose his will upon those he would conquer and enslave. and not the at least among those who stand opposed to him is the american soldier. he knows the price of freedom is eternal vigilance. ♪

now north africa is not really much affected by this anymore we've got the on shore breeze which means is cooler in tunis and tripoli we come down out of the thirty's now most of north africa of course is just hot and dry and dusty these showers in the tropics and beyond the making northward progress in fact they're reaching once again into the ethiopian highlands a full cross the outer suburb or it's the next 3 days rain of some sort possibly sundry has got to be good news. as the world bites the corona pandemic we're learning more about this every day. it's a new year new join our global community it's up to us on how we come together to fight on serene your question can i just recently directly that's coming on on you tube as you're saying i'm concerned about the front line owners to require that they're not keeping you up to date. and. the stream on 00. the e.u. . welcome back our top stories on al-jazeera this hour libya's internationally recognized government in tripoli says its forces have retaken the times of t.g. and baghdad that follows monday's takeover of our what here air

this series, you have seen the reaction to the american soldier by newly liberated peoples in north africa, italy, and france. to them he was and still is a living symbol of freedom for he came to their lands giving of himself. not for conquest, but to liberate, to defeat and destroy a ruthless aggressor. or we might well say the aggressor who like evil throughout history lives on and has been known by many names. the aggressor. who would dictate an impose his will upon those he would conquer and enslave. and not the least among those who stand opposed to him is the american soldier. he knows the price of freedom is eternal vigilence. >> there is an ancient saying that all roads lead to rome. if that is true, the united states army had taken the longest and toughest road. arriving on the fourth of june, 1944, two years and six months after pearl harbor america's entrance into the war. two days after general mark prats's fifth army captured the eternal city, dwight d. eisenhower's envision forces hit the normandie beaches in a massive am amphibious assault. despite bitter german resistance,

this series, you have seen the reaction to the american soldiers by newly liberated peoples in north africall is a living symbol of freedom, for he came to their land giving of himself, not for conquest, but to liberate, to defeat and destroy a ruthless aggressor. or we might well say the -- who lives on and has been known by many names. the aggressor who would dictate and impose his will on those he would conquer and enslave. and not the least among those who stand opposed to him is the american soldier. he knows the price of freedom is eternal vigilance. ♪ [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] ♪ narrator: there is an ancient saying that all roads lead to rome. if that is true, the united states army had taken the longest and toughest road. arriving on the fourth of june, 1944, two years and six months

this series, you have seen the reaction to the american soldier by newly liberated peoples in north africathem, he was and still is a living symbol of freedom, for he came to their land giving of himself, not for conquest, but to liberate, to defeat and destroy a ruthless aggressor. or we might well say the aggressor, who lives on and has been known by many names. the aggressor who would dictate and impose his will on those he would conquer and enslave. and not the least among those who stand opposed to him is the american soldier. he knows the price of freedom is eternal vigilance. ♪ [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2020] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> there is an ancient saying that all roads lead to rome. if that is true, the united states army had taken the longest and toughest road. arriving on the fourth of june, 1944, two years and six months after pearl harbor and america's entrance into the war. two days after the fifth army captured the eternal city, gene

they followed the first assault troops to north africa.y nursed and sustained the morale of the embattled forces. they improvised wards and cared for the sick and wounded in the jungngles of bhutan. and they brought life and comfort to the allied forces on the bitter babattlefields of europe. nowhere was the story more thrillingingly acted out than hat the beach. after the landing army nurses went ashore and worked diligently during the winter of 1944. >> they were there when we needed them. they were there, all right. they took the same beating we did. the aels of ansio. familr figures in the dark, desolate winter hell. they knew their job and we knew that we could depend on them. they worked in all kindsofkeshie clock in their effort to keep us in good shape. they did a great job, and we were all grateful. very grateful. ♪ ♪ the hospital tents were shelled regularly, but that didn't stop them. they even nursed the enemy pilot who was shot down after bombing the hospital tet area. >> they served in the true tradition of the corps, with co

for north africa didn't have a heater. kind. it's an engine puts out $68.00 horsepower at the time that was king sized performance. thank goodness for no i think a moroccan king would probably also use a rolls royce for state occasion every day driving this could have been a royal limousine at the time. but i don't know for sure the moroccan teen wasn't as wealthy as other arab rulers of course but i could imagine he was satisfied with a noble copy 10 and actually drove it i think it's possible but we don't know for sure. in the brother's repair shop mechanic lars mick link manages to transform even a rusty back into running capital gains is when there's another gas council that's the gas cap we've just been talking about. but they were actually looking for the taillights of the capitaine p $26.00. so they see. the courts. for all their might to find something here right away you're lucky but that doesn't happen very often. like total of 145616 of the best selling p 2 sixes were built quite a lot for an executive sedan so there