i have now ordered that all bombardment of north vietnam cease. going to take place next wednesday. resentative, the governor of south vietnam are free to participate. >> moments after the speech, anna chennault. >> calls her out of a party. calls back on an anonymous phone to check with her and make sure, are the south vietnamese going to hold firm? are they going to not come to the peace talks? >> november 2nd, tapped the south embassy telephone and overheard anna chennault telling the the south vietnamese, hold on, we're going to win. >> from president's perspective, it's no little thing to defy the president of the united states of america but this gave him the confidence to go forward in front of his national assembly and make that speech. >> the united states ended the bombing. >> this is where anna chennault is importantly because she was saying, you know, if you defy johnson, there's another president, if you help him get elected, who would stand by you. namely richard nixon. >> america's ally drops his own bombshell on lbj. quote, the government of shoutd vietnam regrets not

i have now ordered that all bombardment of north vietnam cease. the parish talks is going to take place next wednesday november 6th, at which the representatives, the government of south vietnam are free to participate. >> moments after the president's speech, nixon's campaign chairman calls his go between anna chenault. >> mitchell is on the phone to her that night, calls her out of a party to talk to her, have her call him back on an anonymous phone so that he can check with her and make sure are the south vietnamese going to hold firm. are they going to not come to the peace talks? >> november second the fbi tapped the south vietnamese embassy's telephone and overheard anna chenault telling the ambassador, hold on, we're going to win. >> it's no little thing to deny the president of the united states of america. this gave him the confidence to go forward in front of his national assembly and make that speech. >> the united states have ended the bombing -- >> this is where anna chenault is important because she was saying, if you defy johnson, t

the johnson administration also embarked on an air campaign against north vietnam which hurt its own cause far more than the communists. the bombing united ho chi minh's people of the earlier unification struggle in the north, reason than the fashion the nazi blitz brought town the british people in 1940. it was said that in the north air attack made small impact and although completely contrary to western perceptions perceptionss and chinese were reluctant to lavish resources on the struggle and had little control over hanoi politburo and moscow dispatched glad guns and sam 2 missiles which shot down lamb thousand u.s. aircraft. in the eyes of foreigners the warmaking of a giant symbolizes by the b-52 bomber, which killed tens of thousands of vietnamese, seem repellent, con traversed we the courage of communist soldiers, wear coolly hats hats and rubber sandals, the women digging trenches and repairing bomb damage, in hanoi in december december 1966 the premiere inquired of a visiting "new york times" correspondent, how long the americans want to fight? one year? two years? three yea

bitterly at odds at that point, so they were competing with each other for a greater influence in north vietnam and that worked out well for the north vietnamese because they could play them off and get more weaponry. >> north korea, who was funding north korea at this time and explain what was happening and how that's relevant to what we're seeing today. >> in north core -- korea, they were playing both sides against the middle. they had patrons in the soviet union and in china, but at the same time they were always doing their own thing, so for example, they seized the "uss pueblo". >> what happened there? >> it was on a spy mission in what most people consider international waters beyond the 12 mile limit. what happened in january of 1968 is that the north koreans seized this american naval ship and it was lightly armed, it was ill-prepared and they were unable to fight off the submarine chasers and mig fighters that went after the ship and so -- but the interesting thing about that is that neither the chinese nor the soviets were aware this was going to happen. so this really like today was

the area in which we're stopping our attacks includes almost 90% of north vietnam's population. and most of its territory. thus, there will be no attacks around the principal populated areas or in the food-producing areas of north vietnam. even this very limited bombing of the north could come to an early end if our restraint is matched by restraint in hanoi. >> the president issued an appeal for unity among the american people and went on to speak in moving words of the future he foresees america obtaining. but it was in the final moments of his speech that he voiced the si syllables that stunned the nation and reverberated around the world. to a conscious millions, president johnson announced a decision that had been many months in the making but only resolved within himself in the final hours of march. >> with american sons in the fields far away, with america's future under challenge right here at home, with our hopes and the world's hopes for peace in the balance every day, i do not believe that i should devote an hour or a day of my time to any personal or partisan causes

vietnam war. and that is to invade cambodia to try and stop the flow of men materiel from the north into the south and to be used against the united states forces in south vietnam. with the announcement of that in april 1970, the campuses explode again, particularly kent state. there is a peaceful demonstration, but the guardsmen opened fire and several are killed. that is another opened wound for the united states to deal with. how did these people organize? i watched a documentary last night about the civil rights movement, martin luther king and the media, and without social media, the way to get to the days -- soto -- social media is a misnomer, media is supposed to be between people, we are the media, but it was about how to reach the media in the nixon campaign. how to do good work to get people out when you have a rally or demonstration. it was word-of-mouth. telephones. telegrams. and hardcopy letters. guest: i wrote the speech with nixon, the cambodian invasions beach -- invasion speech for nixon. it was very dramatic. i think it was april 1, 1970, and what happened was they did have riot

included secret raids on cambodia laos and north vietnam richard nixon i know is to say that much theame way was continuing the war while presenting to the public that he was on the process of getting out and we speak of america's priorities the first priority must always be peace for america and the work. revelation of the secret pentagon documents for street protests and anger spread across the country decorated war heroes and civilians marched together protesting the unconstitutional undeclared war asked the united states has been at war under every president since nine hundred forty one. ever since the end of world war two u.s. presidents have authorized the illegal and unconstitutional wars of aggression. according to the us constitution only congress can declare war but presidents have consistently found ways to wage war without congressional approval. between one nine hundred fifty and two thousand the us government has overthrown sixteen democratically elected government dropped bombs on over thirty nations and attempted assassinations of over sixty foreign leaders. millions d

both the ally and south vietnam and as well as our former enemies in north vietnam and the south. in addition to the archive materials that veterans donate the chronicle personal experience, we get donations the reading materials. the star and stripes was important part of that. they had these internally produced newspapers. like the southern cross and so on. one the great things about these documents is that they provide us with insight into the news and information that most soldiers were getting during the war itself. they didn't have access to the "new york times" and the "washington post" and the news media general publications, those things did circulate. where they would get their information, both in the united states and also is part of their war was through these types of newspapers. in addition to that, there was a course entertainment publications. comic books which we don't associate with young adults today. actually they are still popular. lots of soldiers would carry around the nam comic books to help pass the time when they had down time. in addition to the wartime

the va minis out of the war, both the allies and south vietnam, as well as our former enemies, north vietnam, and the south, the vietcong, national liberation coalition. and the addition to the archival materials, he also sometimes get donations of the reading materials that they had while they were fighting, and the stars and stripes was very important, and they also had these internally produced newspapers for some units, and one of the great things about these documents is they provide us with insight with news and information that most soldiers were getting during the war itself, and so, they didn't have access to the new york times, the washington post, the news media, general publications, time magazine, those things that circulate both in the united states it was also part of their war to these types of newspapers. in addition to that there was a course also in entertainment, publication, so comic books, which we typically, i don't think, associate necessarily with, you know, young adults today, they were still very popular, so lots of soldiers would carry around comic books, and othe

there was a covert operation by the british in north vietnam to link up with rebels who were fighting against the north vietnamese regime admittedly that did end in around one thousand nine hundred sixty three and not very much information has come out about that program but it is revealed in the declassified british files but in the late one.

there was a covert operation by the british in north vietnam to link up with rebels who were fighting against the north vietnamese regime admittedly that did end in around one thousand nine hundred. three and not very much information has come out about that program but it is revealed in the declassified british files but in the late one nine hundred sixty s. in the wilson government although wilson didn't send troops the files show that britain did just about everything else to support us aggression in vietnam there were covert arms supplies from the british for example quite significant ones to the south vietnamese regime that was being backed by the us. there was a lot of up. apologies in the british media and in parliament for us policy there was there was very little outright condemnation by senior political figures in the ruling labor party of the massive bombing campaigns the us was undertaken undertaking in vietnam. so those final show that britain supported the us war not that it opposed it and yet it seems to have crept into the popular viewpoint to release the the elite vie

. >> how did five and a half years in a prison cell in north vietnam as a prisoner of war prepare you for the presidency? >> i think it helped me define the principles that i already held. i think it gave me a better understanding of the value of commitment to a cause. amazing grace ♪ >> i have never considered the united nations irrelevant. i think it's a unique organization. an organization that can bring the whole world together. >> a lot of have been required of the kennedys along the way. >> at 12:52 p.m., the announcement came. the courts decision on ending segregation was unanimous. >> it's not easy to meet the press. i have had the privilege of meeting the press in many countries and i must say i make it as much a matter of prayer as i do any sermon that i ever preached. >> when we part, we don't say good-bye. instead we say until we meet again. >> somewhere out in this audience may even be someone who will one day follow in my footsteps and preside over the white house as the president's spouse and i wish him well. >> i will keep america moving forward. always forward. for a

. ♪ >> how did 5 1 years in a prison cell in north vietnam as for th presidency?me define the principles that i already held. i think it gave me a better unders of t value of commit to a cause. amazing amazin grace ♪ ♪ >> i have never considered the united nations irrelevant. think it's a unique organi an organizatio that can bring t togeth opening statement that those who as much as given and those that is required a lot have been required of the ke the wa ♪ >> at 12:52 p.m., the announ came. the court's decisi segreg was unanimo ♪ and i have had the privilege of meetin the press in many countr and i must say that i make its much a matter of prayer as i do any sermon that i ever p >> you know, when we part we don't say good-bye. instead, we say un again. >> somewhere out in this audien may even be someone who willne day follown my footst and over the white house as thepresident's spouse. and i >> i will keep forwar a better americ for an endless and enduri dream and 1 of lig of lig ♪ (nicki palmer) being a verizon engineer is about doing things right. d there's n

the war in vietnam was really our problem, that if we remove ourselves from it the south in vietnam in the northd come together and embrace as brothers, as family and, i bought some of that and i was in the streets against the war, and then what happened, the people in the streets, and by the way we never lost, our military never lost a battle in that war we were on the way to the defeat of the north, but the real energy that closed out that possibility were those people in the street and they certainly weren't the majority of americans, but they were very effective. it's like what's going on now. they have a march, they prepare an army of people to go out and speak and make noise and you would think, if you are watching television this must be the american people, but it isn't. but anyway, they brought down the war and we pulled out of vietnam. what happened? was there this embrace her celebration? no. two and half million people were murdered in laos, cambodia and vietnam because of our absence. and what happened with the left when i saw that, it's the signature of the left. they create this c

the air force did the aerial photo reconnaissance over north vietnam. there was a big turnover of air force photo people. so all the guys are 500 guys, it's called a flight and we all got some kind of photography, aerial photography, motion picture photography, lab processing and still photography. on valdez, i got still photography, which was at the bottom of the list. and i was assigned to the 836 combat support group in tampa, florida. and i work for the base newspaper, but the strike command was there and that's kind of where the vietnam war was managed from. so i, at 18 years old, was photographing three and four star generals in meetings and in ceremonies and so at a very early point in my photography career, i was photographing high level people and being trained in the military and also, coming from a military family, my father was career military and we could talk about him, you know, growing up in south texas and working on the farm and going into world war ii. that's a whole other big part of my life, but my texas history roots, but so when i

. ♪ >> how did 5 1/2 years in a prison cell in north vietnam as a prisoner of war prepare you for thesidency? >> i think it helped me define the principles that i already held. i think it gave me a better understanding of the value of commitment to a cause. ♪ amazing amazing grace ♪ >> i have never considered the united nations irrelevant. i think it's a unique organization, an organization that can bring the whole world together. ♪ >> opening statement that those who much has been given, those who much is required. a lot have been required of the kennedys along the way. ♪ >> at 12:52 p.m., the announcement came. the court's decision on ending segregation was unanimous. ♪ >> it's not easy to meet the press. and i have had the privilege of meeting the press in many countries and i must say that i make it as much a matter of prayer as i do any sermon that i ever preached. ♪ >> you know, when we part we don't say good-bye in hawaii. instead, we say until we meet again. >> somewhere out in this audience may even be someone who will one day follow in my footsteps. and preside over the whit

vietnamese troops would be out of south south vietnam, it would between that laos and cambodia would be neutralized and north vietnamese troops would leave there as well, and it meant that there would be some kind of political negotiation between the various parties in south vietnam that would still leave the saigon administration in power. he understood 580,000 troops didn't move hanoi very far. so that what he really thought was what i need to do is, through negotiations, end this conflict honorably with saigon having a reasonable chance to survive. that was the overall framework. to get those goals, he thought he had to apply military pressure. no one else in the administration except the president thought that. everybody else actually had a different take on how to execute that overall strategy. so it's in the tactical level that kissinger and his associates differed greatly. and. >> and yet you have, time and again, these various escalations whether it be cambodia or laos or the responderring campaigns -- responding campaigns an incredible domestic and international backlash that actually ended up shapi

then the vietnam war keeping the north vietnamese from invading south. we lost ta war completely. look at -- and then iraq. then afghanistan. and then libya. now syria. we're the only country -- we're losing all our good men in the wars. fathers, husbands, sons. we're spending all this money. congress, all the women, how many women have won in the congress because we're losing our good -- not all men want to be in politics. they want to go into business and do other things. we're losing all our good men. and that's what i support. we can't be in all these wars. iraq was a complete feeco and we're getting involve in syria and losing our good men. we've got to stop going to war for other people. that's america first. i supported -- i understand why people don't like what's happened. we can't continue to lose our men. >> ruth, you're absolutely right. there are plenty of people and i disagreed with my former friend who passed away, senator mccain, who wanted tens of thousands of troops if syria. i believe our goal is to protect the american people. unfortunately, in this age of terro

elmo did not go to vietnam, north korea or the civic theater. but given the changing demographics of the military today, sesame street has begun a tour several years ago but we still send the dallas cowboy cheerleaders among other groups of professional cheerleaders, dancers, etc. , into war zones all over the middle east, and being a texan i'm hesitant to mention this because i'm afraid the state of texas will come find me, when mentioning the dallas cowboy cheerleaders with anything other than the utmost respect but nonetheless, we are still sending these kinds of entertainment that's where we end up with the book so stay tuned. back to world war i. why in the world is the u.s. military doing this. it cost a lot of money and takes a lot of effort to manage all of the kinds of transportation issues you might imagine, security issues that you could imagine would be necessary. this is not an easy task and takes a lot of effort and comes from the top down in the military. this is an a bunch of gis sitting in france saying would like some girls fro

this was to be the first spring of the second republic of vietnam. the north vietnamese seemed to promise the people a safe holiday free from the ever-present anxiety of war. at the temple, people gathered to pay respects to their ancestors. on the eve of the new year, thousands of saigon families prayed before the altars of their ancestors. they prayed peace might be restored to the homeland. however, the traditional firecrackers of the tet celebration became the fireworks of war. the vietcong taking advantage of the noisy celebration launched an attack on saigon. areas of the city became a blazing inferno. columns of smoke rose skyward and block after block in the capital city burned with the fires of vietcong treachery. >> that film from the south vietnamese army taking place late january, 1968. two months later, president lyndon johnson would announce that he would not seek another term, but the speech was primarily on vietnam and the tet offensive. here's what lbj said march 31st, 1968. >> their attack during the tet holidays failed to achieve its princip

elmo did not go to vietnam, north korea, nor the civic theater, begin the changing demographic of the military today, many more military families, "sesame street" began a uso tour several years ago, but we still send dallas cowboys cheerleaders, among other several -- among other groups of cheerleaders, dancers, etc. being a texan now, i'm hesitant to mention this because i'm afraid the state of texas will come find me, mentioning the dallas cowboy cheerleaders with anything other than the utmost respect, but nonetheless, we are still sending dubious kinds of entertainment, and that is another -- that is where we end up with the book, so stay tuned. world is the u.s. military doing this? it costs a lot of money and takes a lot of effort to get these people abroad, to manage the transportation issues, you might imagine, security issues that you can imagine would be necessary. this is not an easy task. it takes a lot of effort and comes from the top down in the military. this is not a bunch of g.i.'s sitting in france saying we would really like some girls from home to come over. this i

he thought that the meeting was a puppet of the chinese communists they were nowhere near vietnam in fact the north pole was underneath the jurisdiction of the chinese nationalists anyway. instead of rounding up the japanese and putting him in prison the nine hundred forty five british of the japanese fought alongside each other. and forced even who was a nationalist into the arms of communism and into the jungle also. he also the dogs grazing with these indian troops also sprung the interned french garson the japanese interned and the french was alongside us and british uniforms we use spit for us against even the mes. when i tell people this they're both full open anyway i thought we can't possibly blame the americans long cold it is a dream a moral for general perfidy and general stupidity not just americans it is also why did the blair drawing it will at least go clean away with it a bucket directly of blood is going to i mean you show us and me expose him in your ugly around tripoli because i find him so disgusting in his hypocrisy it's a lot of my work is against apocrypha come barrett so he

trying to stop north korea from invading south korea. then the vietnam war, and we didn't succeed. keeping the north vietnamese from invading south. we lost that war. then iraq. then afghanistan. then libya. now syria. where the only country, we are losing all of our good men in the wars. fathers, husbands, sons. we are spending all this money. and look at congress, all the women. how many women have won in the congress because we've lost the men? not all men want to be in politics, they want to do other things. we are losing all our good men. that is what i support. we can't be in all these wars. iraq was a complete fiasco. vietnam a complete fiasco. and here we are getting involved in syria, and we are losing our good men. we've got to stop going to war for other people. that is what america first -- i support -- i understand why people don't like it. we can't continue to lose our men. host: thank you for the call. guest: ruth, you are absolutely right. there are plenty of people, and i disagree with my former friend who passed away senator mccain, who wanted tens of thousands of

vietnam. i have met with the leaders in the north and the people who fought. e key characters in book about vietnam, he was the colonel who was on the palace grounds at the end of 1975. he later said that the rear communist effort was here to galvanize the antiwar movement and to demoralize the war. that folded into, as david said a lack of clarity on the , political and strategic objectives. and the other thing that i think again needs to be said because it isn't talked about enough is the policy of the communist government since 1958. it is a classic policy of trotskyite communism to have assassination as a key element of a strategy. they were, they would go after people who were a part of any way of the leadership of south vietnam. 11 officials a day by 1960 when john kennedy decided we needed to do something. we didn't know how to do that. we had incidents that were regretful and disgusting. generally they were the result of emotional overload and people just blowing it. they were aberrations from what our policy is, legally or morally. that is not true on

moment some of the rain really quite persistent further north we're seeing quite a intense area of showers that's making its way towards vietnam and that's going to intensify as we head into wednesday say vietnam looks pretty wet then and watch out for this little developing feature that's going to run its way to. wards of the philippines as we head through the next few days they india and sri lanka we've still got the showers with us in the south you can see them here on the satellite picture they're sticking around so no major changes for us as we head through tuesday or wednesday furlan off a generally fine quiet with the weather nineteen degrees just the maximum in new delhi and quite. the weather sponsored by cateye race. kidnappings and murders in crimea since russia's forced onyx ation of the black sea peninsula. i don't understand why he was kidnapped. schools of crimea into ties have been arrested. on camera most believed by russian security forces. crimea russia's dirty secret on al-jazeera. hello again the top stories on al-jazeera survivors of tsunami fear more waves of destruction could hit and with as little warn

north are going to be picking up snow so tempers of towards the north only into the single digits but take a look down here towards vietnam rain is on the increase over the next few days we could be seeing some localized flooding across much of that area for hong kong it is going to be a cool day for us well as rain in your forecast temps are there of sixteen degrees and for taipei rainy day for you as well with a temperature of about twenty three degrees. my name's from the file and i an addict i'm on my phone all day every day and my tablet is never really more than a few feet away the use of the internet elevates dopamine just like gambling does and just like cocaine goes i will experience my own unusual digital detox i feel like i don't want to how this thing is there all the time anymore my d.h. to addiction an al-jazeera. time physical over the top stories here it is there a second day of talks aimed at ending the war in yemen is due to begin in sweden any time now. day one saw a rather promising start that the arrival sides agreeing to exchange prisoners. they headed to his intelligence has briefed u.s. senators ab

snow line's gone further north but you can see winters settled in to the north charleston charlotte nazi and the coast of vietnam is still looking tenshi wet as indeed is sudden tolerance surprisingly wears rings uneasy which should be wet what looks like something is dry. singapore is being accused of expanding its coast and illegally dredged satins some of the islands off the coast of indonesia literally vanished it's a big business will go into syria when they will take this very filling the sand is our parent you see the beautiful beach behind it is something that's not so plentiful tragedy is that people are just not aware and ecological investigation into a global emergency sound walls on al-jazeera. some of the top stories here it out there paris have used tear gas on protesters who are trying to march on the french presidential palace hundreds of people have already been arrested and thousands of police have been deployed to avoid a repeat of last saturday's deadly string. and the talks hoping to end the yemen war continue at a castle just outside of the swedish capital stockholm each side now is putting

tuesday because he's hitting mostly the philippines and vietnam comes back on to give the potential for a wet day in hong kong and further north during wednesday but it's mostly coastal rain to the south that well it's reiterate that vietnam is the wet place the remains of a charcoal storm or shock for depression at this stage it looks like a proper circulation will throw it right into vietnam and more rain still like to fall in the philippines but beyond that you can go a long way south where you pick up more significant shows it probably means most of thailand cayle singapore dry but if indeed indonesia expect writing. too often on the street to be. our victims but a new force is that place. female police officers are combative and sexual assault and domestic abuse. but changing society is a challenge and so is life behind the badge for india's lead. on disease. welcome back you're watching officer of the reminder of our top stories al-jazeera has obtained pictures showing the saudi team that killed jamal khashoggi carrying large bags suspected of containing his remains the video shows the team arriving at the consul general

the repatriation of vietnamese citizens who arrived in north america before nine hundred ninety five now most are refugees who fled after the vietnam war al-jazeera as hijo castro has a story of one man now facing deportation. number two when was seven when his mother put him on a boat with his eight year old brother and pushed them off the shores of vietnam in one thousand nine hundred eighty three says that son going this boat going to go to a place with a lot of toys. it was eight years after the vietnam war and as the son of an imprisoned self the enemy's military officer knew wins life was in danger he and his brother drifted for days survived pirates who raped women and pushed men overboard eventually landing at a refugee camp in indonesia two years later the united nations resettled the boys in the united states knew when entered foster care and lost contact with his brother abandoned in angry by seventeen he had been convicted of assault and a probation violation got him sixteen months in prison i make bad choices and myself in this situation a judge ordered his deportation and un went straight from prison to immigration de

trying to stop north korea from invading south korea. and wee vietnam war, didn't succeed. g the north vietnamese from invading south. we lost that war. then iraq. then afghanistan. then libya. now syria. we're losing all of our good men in the wars. fathers, husbands, sons. we are spending all this money. and look at congress, all the women. how many women have won in the congress because we've lost the men? we are losing all our good men. that is what i support. we can't be in all these wars. iraq was a complete fiasco. vietnam a complete fiasco. and here we are getting involved in syria, and we are losing our good men. we've got to stop going to war for other people. what america first -- i support -- i understand why people don't like it. we can't continue to lose our men. host: thank you for the call. guest: ruth, you are absolutely right. there are plenty of people, and i disagree with my former friend who passed away senator mccain, who wanted tens of thousands of troops in syria. i believe our most important goal is to protect the american people. unfortunately, in t

vietnam we would be sent out to a base camp anywhere in dmz in the, from the north to the rice paddies and in the very south. wherever our officer like bill, charge, had heard units were engaging with the enemy, the on my neck, e cim ugh i was trained as a cinema-tographer, that's what we used, it's a very difficult anywhere, se, even, but in combat it's very difficult, and you get 12 and ures to a roll of film then you had to change film. paperback film. if you wanted to take a picture, stand up, way to up high, expose yourself or turn the camera upside-down maybe and take a picture. very difficult camera that we used. the equipment i had in the tripod case and in the other my motion picture photographer buddy's equipment take.e would we almost always traveled as a two-man team. a still photographer and a cinema-photrapher. headed find someone into indian country and ask to accompany them. stay with that unit until we ran out of film or they to base camp. not all of our -- go ahead -- assignments r involved combat. an exposure from -- a of tet.m the beginning base e in chuli, and the

are turning to java the showers really are quite active in the north there it's looking generally dry forcing cambodia and through into vietnam and even force in the philippines as a good deal of dry weather around and just one or two showers in those showers will be lingering even as we head through the day on saturday if we head across towards india in the fall south here we've got the wet weather currently that will say with this in sri lanka in this region it is again looking pretty soggy as we head through friday and into saturday some of the downpours are promising to be quite heavy to the north are staying dry and the temperatures easing now in new delhi maximum only getting to around twenty three degrees which is seventy three in fahrenheit across the arabian peninsula well a change in the wind here in doha should bring us a northerly flow over the next few days. the weather sponsored by qatar and nice. to know that we're in the world is growing reforest disappearing fast a barely inside our. only bending the wheel fly we have been told the news i heard it totally is and traitors i was a breeze there is no let the chi

by christmas the astronauts were hitting safely home, north korea had finally freed the crew allers of the pueblo, contingents of the vietname. ♪ president johnson shared the satisfaction of all americans in these blessings. 's thoughts were on those that were far from home, standing vigil on the freedoms we cherish. as he put it in his christmas message to servicemen around the world johnson: this christmas the world is brightened with the hope of peace. when it comes, when hope turns to substance and the guns are quiet once again, it will c it because you have pursued with your courage and your skill. it will come because you have steadfasth a spirit that adds new luster to the honored tradition of american arms. this will be my last christmas message to you as your commander in chief, but i will remember life, ashe days of my the patriots who manned the watchtower in a time of peril so that all of us might live as free men. is proud to have served with you, i salute you and i pray that god will keep watch over all of you and unite with your families and lovedved ones -- and your ones. ♪ >> you can watch archival films on

the repatriation of vietnamese citizens who arrived in north america before nine hundred ninety five most are refugees who fled after the vietnam war. castro has a story of one man now facing deportation number two when was seven when his mother put him on a boat with his eight year old brother and pushed them off the shores of vietnam in one thousand nine hundred eighty three. son go on this boat and even go to a place with a lot of toys. it was eight years after the vietnam war and as the son of an imprisoned self the enemy's military officer knew winds life was in danger he and his brother drifted for days survived pirates who raped women and pushed men overboard eventually landing at a refugee camp in indonesia two years later the united nations resettled the boys in the united states knew when entered foster care and lost contact with his brother abandoned in angry by seventeen he had been convicted of assault and a probation violation got him sixteen months in prison i make bad choices in myself in this situation. a judge ordered his deportation and un when straight from prison to immigration detention for four more years