as well as nova vax ceo stanley irk. thank you very much.also to secretary alex azar who is with us. senate thom tillis, thank you thom. stand up, thom. thank you very much. you really have. representatives richard hudson, david rouser, mark walker, dan bishop, and greg murphy, thank you all friends, all warriors. lieutenant governor dan forest who i hear is doing a great job. where is dan? stand up, dan. great job, dan. really good. north carolina house speaker tim moore. thank you, tim. great job. and president pro tempore of the north carolina state senate, phil burger. thank you, phil, very much, i appreciate it. operation warp speed is funding a historic portfolio of highly promising vaccine candidates in addition to our $1.6 billion investment in nova vax, we've issued a $483 million contract with moderna, a $1.2 billion contract with astra zeneca a $465 million with jansen and just last week a $1.95 billion agreement with pfizer. tremendous progress is being made with all of those great companies. a ground breaking agreement with pfiz

entering in vaccine trials right now really as we speak now this particular vaccine candidate from nova vaccine is in phase one trials with the company expecting to move into a larger phase 2 study next month and then phase 3 in the fall with up to $30000.00 subjects all to minutely the plan is to deliver a $100000000.00 doses of the nova vax vaccine presumably if they come up with a vaccine towards the end of the year if indeed the clinical trials are successful that's the thing. about novak's as the new york times and others reported earlier this month it's a company that was really on the verge of collapse it was really struggling having never successfully brought a vaccine to the market in its 33 year history so really the trumpet ministration is taking a big chance of placing a big bet on this company along with others to be fair the federal government has earmarked nearly $4000000000.00 to $6.00 vaccine projects including $1200000000.00 to the drug maker astra zeneca for at least $300000000.00 doses of a potential corona virus vaccine developed by the university of oxford which is

we loved nova. especially when it would be abspace. we would talk for hours about the universe.ching nova, i felt big, like, my mind was big,my deas were big. the trajectory omy life changed. i could see a world outside of r poverty and i felt like things were going to get better. ♪ pbs opened up a world i didn't know exied. ♪ is provided by... developed by over 100 language specialists bacoel teaches real life ersations in spanish, french, russian and more. babb 10 to 15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online at babbel.com. out business has been people and their financial well being. th mission gives us purpose and a way forward. today and always.

watching nova, i felt big, like, my mind was big, my ideas were big.ctory of my life changed. i could see a world outside of our poverty and i felt like things were going to get better. ♪ pbs opened up a world i didn't know existed. judy: gd evening. i'm judy woodruff. tonight, coronavirus closures. tionwide spikes in covid infections and inconsistent health advisories force states mpose social distancing measures. en, one-on-one. house speaker nancy peli on the ongoing pandemic response and reports of russia offering money to taliban fighters to kill u.s. troops. and more. plus, meeting the moment. inventors and innovators search for neway wto make ventilators to help the increasing number of coronavirus patients. >> i used to be a medical device designer. i used ventilators every day. when i started learning about e ventilator i shortages, became very natural for me to

watching nova, i felt big, like, my mind was big, my ideas were big.ory of my life changed. d i could see a wotside of our poverty and i felt like things were going to get better. ♪ pbs opened up a world i didn't know existed. captioning sponsored by newshour productionsllc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the "newshour" tonight, the infections incase-- the rise in covid cases across the south and west conties unabated. we talk to republican senatorue david of georgia about the troubling surge. then, hunger crisis-- the head of the world food program discusses feeding the exponentially expanding number of people in need. and rethinking college-- the pandemic's persistence forces colleges and universities toer reconsid their plans for in- person classes this fall. >> we're very concerned about whether there are enough procedures and picies in place to keep everyone safe.

watching nova, i felt big, like, my ideas wg.was big,e the trajectory of my life changed.ld see a world outside of our poverty and i felt like things were going to get better. ♪ pbs openedp a world i didn't know existed. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> nawaz: good evening. i'm amna nawaz. judy woouff is away. on the "newshour" tonight, the surge continues-- the risks of re-opening grow as cases of covid-19 spike across the country and the centers for disease contl faces scrutiny for its pandemic response. then, one on one-- senator bernie sanders on the race for the white house and former vice president biden's new plan to tackle climate change. plus, rethinking college-- the future of higher education remains in doubt for many community college students burdened by covid-19 and structural inequality. >> many of them live very fragile lives, and they're oftentimes one paycheck away from disaster.l >> nawaz: at and more on tonight's "pbs ne

watching nova, i felt big, like, my mind was big, my ideas were big. trajectory of my life changed. e i could see a world outs our poverty and i felt like things were going to get better. ♪ en pbs ed up a world i didn't know existed. newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: questions of justice. attorney general william barr testifies before congress on the use of force against protesters, and allegations of the politicization of the justice departnt. then, counteracting coronavirus. congress struggles to find iemmon ground as the current round of covid ris set to expire. plus, rethinking college. covid-19 raises questions about the cost of living on campus amid lawsuits over full tuition >> we want colleges and universities to really rethink their business model rethink how they serve students, annrethink how they deliver educatio

watching nova, i felt big, like, my mind was big, my ias were big.ctory of my life changed. i could see a world outside of our poverty d i felt like things were going to get better. ♪ pbs opened up a world i didn't know existed. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: at capacity. some hospital intensive care units in hotspots like florida aand texas are nearly ful covid-19 cases continue a summer surge. then, after a weekend of gun violence in cities across america, how police anher officials are responding to the spate of shootings. f us, more and more evictions. a growing numberericans who lost their jobs during the pandemic are n being forced out of their homes. a what we're seeing now i significant bump in the nonpayment of rent cases. and a lot of that is related to people being unemployed during covid-19, during the shutdowns >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs nshour.

the company is called nova vax, it's based out of maryland. it will soon get the results of phase one and phase two clinical trials and hoping to move into phase three of clinical trials, and that means testing up to 30,000 people. it got funding from the government, a lot of funding. $1.6 billion. that's the largest amount ever awarded. to help speed up the process that normally takes years into months. >> it showed some efficacy in animal studios. and looking at whether or not it can generate the same kind of immu immuno response in humans to basically recognize different technologies of vaccines. when they're promising enough, push them through phase three. set up the infrastructure that might be necessary, hence republican reducing the timeline around distribution. the one thing that is going to determine whether or not the vaccine is distributed, the fda had guidance that was passed last week that said that they would look at any vaccine candidate that had about 50% efficacy and that has a track record of safety. and the results of the ph

it is kind of a nova respect. he defends this against charges that it is too individualistic or too narcissistic and so on. and, so, that, i think that duck tales they obvious point some of what you've been saying. i want to take it, we briefly mentioned the social justice movements and this protest politics that are sort of dominating discussion right now. one thing that struck me about those protests is it seems like there is, the nova affect and the desire for individualism, there is also a desire for a religious unity. it is sort of striking to see, in the corporate bowl, we want to live in a society where every institution high and low, corporate and environmental is on board with this cause. pushing against the nova affected the idea it will all be individualism. there is some desire to have a sort of unified church of social justice. >> absolutely. yes, absolutely. one of the reasons, speaking somewhat productively, i think it works so well and it is so powerful and effective, it is in part because on the o

taylor called it a nova x affect an explosion of religious options. he defends is pluralism against charges it's too individualistic or too narcissistic and so on. and so, i think that dovetails the obvious point dovetails with what you've been saying pretty wanted take it and link into what we briefly mentioned about the social justice movements, black lives matter, protest politics that are dominating discussion right now. one thing that struck me about those protests is it seems like the nova effect in the desire for individualism. there's also still a desire for religious unity. it is striking to see some of the corporate bs. but the sense we want to live in a society where every institution, high low, is on board with this cause. that seems to almost push against the nova effect and it's all going to be individualism. there is some desire to have a unified church of social justice. you see that? >> guest: absolutely. if anything i think that's one of the reasons, i'd be happy to have this conversation but the social justice is it works so well an

there are many ties between new england and nova scotia, and the maritime economies in nova scotia could use that sort of enslaved labor that had worked in new england. and so, for example, if you look at loyalist newspapers from the 1780's and 1790's, they also publish runaway slave ads. occasionally the enslavers who took the ad would say they are trying to get home to massachusetts. the numbers are hard to get out, because this is an illegal activity, but if you take a look at the work -- the work of the problem -- the providence abolition society, black civil rights activists, i would estimate as many as 1000 people were trafficked out of new england between the 1760's and 1790's. remember, this is 20,000 people over the entire colonial period. we are talking about a 20th of that population is trafficked out in the revolutionary era. this suggests sort of the lost promises of freedom. not only do you have selling out, you have the rise of formal segregation. public schools are segregating, all the new england states. you have the marginalization of the labor force after the revolutio

taylor calls this a nova effect. an explosion of religious options. he defends this because it was individualistic or narcissistic. and so on. i think that dovetails and obviously doesn't dovetail with some of what you have been saying. i want to take it and briefly mention the social justice movement of black lives matter, that are dominating discussion right now. one thing that struck me about this protest is it seems like as a desire for individualism but there's also still a desire for a religious unity, right? it sort of striking to see some of this corporate bs. this sense is we want to live in a society where every institution, high and low, corporate and government is on board with this cause. that may push against the nova affects this may be all individualism. there is some desire to have a unified church of social justice do you see that? >> guest: yes. absolutely and that's one of the reasons, again speaking as we have during this conversation the social justice is -- work so well and it is so powerful and it is so effective because in par

peteran youou talk, about the company nova-vax.da, the biomemedicall advanced research and dedevelopment authority was the single largest award, $1.6 billilion too nova-vax,, ththe littlele-known maryland firm that has not developed a susuccessful vaccine i in 30 yearars. $1.6o they get billion?n? >> we don't know is the short answer. we donon't know too much more about them than what you said. indicates how little transparency there is in this process. we do know that there stock options for executives jumped f from $20 mimillion to $100 millilion with their close association with warp speed but in terms of the science a and production, w we knknow very little. juan: this whole issue of executives being able to drugin, even before a is proven effective, or a vaccine is proven effective and comes to market, is restrainny w to this kind of activity, especially giviven in international emergency like this -- given an international emergency like this? >> we certainly should b be demanding a great dedeal more transparency in n the did

four additional promising expected to enter final trials in the coming weeks, including the nova accine being developed right here at this facility. it's an incredible facility. in a be making a tour little while. a complete tour with the folks hat run it and the people that operate. we've just completed a tour of uji's innovation laboratories and that's going to be done at a much higher level in a few finished, and 'm i believe we'll take a few questions, too. we're carrying out a crucial biomanufacturing process the novavav e vaccine. $1.6 made possible by a billion award. dd it lets us deliver the rotestant -- this same manufacturing processes are being conducted on an even larger scale in college station, texas. today i'm proud to announce that $265 as just signed a million contract with the fuji texas, a&m renovation center which is quite the place to their cally expand vaccine manufacturing capacity. fuji's c.e.o. for welcoming us today. martin, where are you? thank you. you very much, martin. >> it's great to be with you, under these circumstances with being made.ress novavax c.e

collie nova works as a tour guide and has spent years studying the history of bohemia including its railway heritage. she's acquired expert knowledge on the military geo political and economic developments that were key to the construction and operation of the train line which runs through the el the valley. and. the fingers on this day though the interestingly the. 1st railroads here were built to transport salt. poured in this then subsided and over time the coal trade grew to be more significant emotional. that so than bohemia was a world power when it came to deposits of both legs night and but human as call home and. coal mining saw the start of an economic boom for the entire region one that also had an impact on its railway infrastructure. but shunned out in saxony just a few kilometers from the border to what is now the czech republic it's one of many towns and villages in the region that flourished thanks to their location on the elba railway route and continue to do so. with the railway connection the small spa town but chandelle is also a popular base for hiking trips through the

watching nova, i felt big, like, my mind was big, my ideas were big. trajectory of my life changed. i could see a world outside of our poverty gs and i felt like there going to get better. ♪ pbs opened up a world i didn't know existed. woodruff. on the newshour tonight, questions of justice. attorney general william barr testifies before congress on the use of force against protesters and allegations of the politicization of the justice department. then, congress struggles to finn common g as the current round of covert relief is set to expire. plus, rethinking college. covid-19 raises questions about the costf living on campus amid lawsuits over full tuition for remote learning. universities to rethink their business model, everything how th serve students, and

confidence vote and is refusing to step down well she has had enough of pro let you know as lassen nova has experienced cronyism and corruption 1st hand she wants to curb the influence of powerful oligarchs in the country that's why she's joined protesters in the capital zofia calling for more assaults to go. protesters have been taking to the streets of the capital sofia and most other major bulgarian cities for weeks now they number in the 10s of thousands they're calling for the government to step down accusing politicians of getting too cozy with the country's all agog. and that's led to massive corruption among officials and members of the government. and her husband mahmoud come out to join the protesters every day in all kinds of weather. in spite of the rain way back again today because we have to deal with this. from a family that suffered a great deal from everything that's happened in this country. but the corruption the less nuts. that i have a g.t.t. have. disappeared my chalice function. call the team his father owns a company that makes elevators and influential attorney

they tracked white sharks aphic phos, arednorth as nova, .rizona statunivty'sows la sharks on nte in recent weeks. >> now we look like their food, and are swimming amongst their food and, you know, that creates an opportunity for bad things to happen. >> reporter: ocean temperatures off the coast of new england are averaging about 10 degrees warmer right now, which is pushing the predator and its prey further north into these regions. oserch, which researches this, has detected six sharks off the coast of long island here over the last month, including one 10-foot-long great white just today. still norah, experts say it is credibly rare fo tock peoe.: lae beaches of new york tonight. thank you, mola. and just hours after a second fatal moped accident and a cbs news report on safety concerns around the company revel, today, the company abruptly halted operations in new york city. but the popular mopeds are still on the streets in cities across the country. we've got more now from cbs' kris van cleave. >> there's a police car there. >> reporter

. >> reporter: this family's recent close encounter in the northern atlantic off the coast of nova scotiawhite shark swimming right beside the speedboat. >> it's a great white. >> yeah, baby. >> authorities have not released the identity of that victim in maine. if confirmed it would be the first fatal shark attack on record in that state. >>> target shoppers will have to find other options this thanksgiving. the retailer is joins walmart in closing its doors on the holiday. the company says this isn't the year for crowds. >>> a taco bell in california is now offering free tacos to people who pay for their order with coins. the restaurant is among many other eateries and retailers across the country now offering free products to people with change all to cope with a national coin shortage. lockdowns have reduced the amount of coins in circulation. >>> coming up, unexpected delivery. the warning about seeds from china arriving in the mail at ho homes across the u.s. >>> but first, why "the ellen dgeneres show" is now under investigation. ck-fil-a came fro? it started with grade-a top quali

watching nova, i felt big, like, my ideas were big.g, the trajectory of my life anged. a world outside of our povert and i felt like things were going to get better. ♪ s opened up a world i didn't know existed. ♪ is provided by... developed by over 100 language specialists babbel teaches real life conversations in spanish, french, russian and more. babbel's 10 to 15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online at babbel.com. out business has been people and their financial well being. that mpusion gives us ose and a way forward. today and always.

when the well struck nova peris 12. points your thirst for action. the sudden false and illegal takeover of a government by a small group. so rather than revolutionaries or soldiers conduct small group the corporations when you have a tiny group of people who have all the power you have to have some means to make sure the rest of us don't get together and talk about. leisure sacrifice some places that capitalism exploited and destroyed for profit and left behind misery poverty environmental devastation and so you see things like voter suppression building more prisons you seem gerrymandering all sorts of undemocratic practices were well into that world for well into the fullest world and there's no question that the coup d'etat has. hello and welcome to cross talk where all things are considered i'm peter lavelle u.s. secretary of state might pump a.o.p. is on a mission he claims the world must change china or china will change us how should we interpret this a cold war to be waged against beijing this is also imply or regime change china is certainl

there are market other companies in the same boat including nova vacs which is actually received $1500000000.00 to develop a vaccine by 2021 again never having brought anything to market so what about this latest announcement gives you pause well that you just touched on some of the right there there are really 3 issues with modernity number one the fact that so far in their process of creating this kind of fast tracked vaccine well they're now has skipped over very common practices not law but common practices that are used in order to develop a vaccine one of those is to conduct animal trials will learn a decided they were not going to conduct animal trials are going to skip over that step that's a big step to jump over also the fact that as you pointed out they never brought a drug to market in the entire history of the company now think about that that means they have never been able to get f.d.a. approval for the development of any kind of drug and then thirdly and i think this is equally as important as the other 2 issues is the fact that well done is not using covert 19 they're not using

hearing a lot about them there's also a company here that maybe doesn't have is that far along called nova vax and they're all receiving big money from the government to push this move forward however the fact is these 2 companies have not brought a product to market in the past and now in your knowledge of this is this common that untested companies would be at the forefront of the development especially i mean obviously we haven't seen this in our lifetime but of a pandemic that is ravaging the world. it's fascinating they don't have license vaccines but they have a great deal of background working on similar accedes remember kobe is the 3rd one of these coronaviruses that has jumped from animal species to humans sars and murders were the predecessors they were maxine's against those coronavirus in although there was seasons when away before the extremes were needed so they had and start working on these trees are actually means and that's why the launch of course runs very quickly but there are other companies that produce ranks in the past that are also working if they haven't stopped.

this person asked me about nova vax. asking me stock advice i was not, i don't know. >> not just the young. this person is in their 70s? >> yes and not just those who can't gamble and can't play in the market >> not like draft kings. it is not just them. >> listen, the bull market will get everybody enthused a lot of these people are used to gambling. some i've talked to will say, yeah, i'm having fun here. playing the market they say go to investigate as and embrace the risk they go to investigate as and lose the money, have a good time you don't want people to put a chunk of savings into the market without much of the knowledge. to the extend that they are learning and not risk it all, i embrace that >> you've learned about the single most powerful in the market in history. the individual investor doesn't have a way to play as easy as down side moves. they can short it is expensive. that's the ultimate risk right they can push the market around on the down side they don't care which way it moves. >> the individual inve

mike nova grexit is warning -- mike is warning that tech stocks are in a speculative bubble. >> this is a bubble. certainly in the tech space. i don't think jay powell would say he wants the market higher but we are kind of unhinged from reality. the economy is grinding slowly. the tech market makes new highs every day, tesla is up 10%. that is a classic speculative bubble. we are at really dangerous valuations on the tech side. is zoom or tesla or whatever a stock has a story, everyone is rushing into and that gets me worried. >> what does that mean for the retail investor here? we have been doing a lot of work with the mom and pop investor coming into the market. are you concerned they could get burned here? >> certainly. this reminds me of 2017 and the cryptocurrency. a lot of people bought been and then it collapsed. these stocks though are not like are real companies but they are being valued way ahead of where i think reality is. what ends bubbles usually is central-bank action. we have a big election coming up. let us assume joe biden wins for a second and i think he will, rat

out 1.6 point potential potential investment in advanced development and advanced manufacturing of a nova backs protein vaccine. we now have major bets and all three of the major potential platforms for vaccine. with each of them we won't drive towards manufacturing to tens of millions of doses by this fall and hundreds of million into the beginning of next year, and phase two, three clinical clinical trials will be beginning just later this month probably. >> do you think it's important to communicate to the public more what you just said, that there's some risk in this, that you could invest so much because that's what we need to do today but one of these vaccine candidates or other women in ia talked about might be blocked? >> we have and will continue to do so. we are placing multiple investments across a portfolio, and we are not done. because we know it's science,, it's a pharmaceutical development. not everything will necessarily hit and that's why we are placing disinvestment and again it's that. when the same country back into the apollo project can radically change the speed of

dose of it is working to develop a vaccine for the biotech company novak's a coven 1000 vaccine for nova vax in which the federal government awarded a $1600000000.00 grant as part of what's called operation warp speed to find $1000.00 vaccine as soon as possible it's one of several biotech companies that are working in conjunction with various research firms and universities worldwide trying to come up with a coronavirus vaccine and entering in vaccine trials right now really as we speak now this particular vaccine candidate from novak's is in phase one trials with the company expecting to move into a larger phase 2 study next month and then phase 3 in the fall with up to $30000.00 subjects all to minutely the plan is to deliver $100000000.00 doses of the novak's vaccine. presumably if they come up with a vaccine towards the end of the year if indeed the clinical trials are successful that's the thing one issue about novak says the new york times and others reported earlier this month it's a company that was really on the verge of collapse it was really struggling having never successful

our conversation with mike nova kretz is next.his is bloomberg. ♪ yvonne: long time money manager mike nova kretz says we are clearly in a text field bubble and small investors should get out before it bursts. he told us why he things markets are unhinged from reality. >> this is a bubble. certainly in the tech space. i remember one alan greenspan issued those words. we are unhinged from reality. the economy is slowing down. we are lurching in and out of covid. tech market makes new highs every day. that is a classic speculative bubble. lots of liquidity is buying its way into the story stocks. just -- if it is zoom or tesla or beyond meat -- whatever stock has a story, everyone is rushing into, that gets me worried. >> what does that mean for the retail investor? we have done a lot of work on the mom-and-pop investors. are you concerned they may get burnt here at some point? mike: this reminds me a lot of the cryptocurrency market in 2017 where we had this crazy rally when bitcoin went from 8000 to 20,000. lots of people bought i

always located in the district of campo nova. it's actually a protected indigenous territory at least that's what it says on paper. but not everyone here abides by the law. we asked the local police why don't law enforcement officers protect the indigenous population from invaders. i.q. the last. one what would you going to lead us here in our area we have a special case and a group of illegal land invaders have formed an association to make the exploitation of the indigenous territories and the nature reserves look legal. they invade the reservations they claim to have legal papers and start logging. then they divide the land into plots and sell them. giving. into the areas. then them. it's a well organized group and. they have lawyers who advise them and even politicians who support them in their actions. and that makes our work more difficult. or you're going to last about. mafia like structures nothing new when crisis ridden brazil. no wonder environmentalist's from the i.c.m. by wants to toot hardly dare to venture outside l

taylor: that was mike nova ogratz.till ahead, joe biden launched his plan on thursday to revive the u.s. economy with a promise to build back what existed before the coronavirus pandemic. bloomberg caught up with the key advisor to the biden campaign. that conversation is next. this is bloomberg. ♪ taylor: joe biden rolling out the first part of an economic plan in pennsylvania yesterday. one advisor to the presumptive democratic nominee is penny pritzker, the former commerce secretary under president obama. kevin cirilli spoke earlier with her. penny: the vice president put out a plan that i think is one that will help create greater certainty in america which is really important. key components to the plan are first of all investing in infrastructure procurement and r&d. $400 billion for infrastructure and procurement. invest inillion to very important areas of our ndp sectors of the economy that we as a country need to lead in. clean energy, batteries, ai, 5g. investmentslargest in this area since world war ii. kevi

chevron has agreed to by nova energy for $5 billion.eal would be valued at $13 billion when you include data. this would be the largest takeover in the industry since it was rocked by coronavirus. that is sure bloomberg business flash. alix: we are also following the 200 billion-- dollars is going to go public in hong kong as well as shanghai. i -- she was and like look, the market is going to be open. this will be a good indication of that. francine: this is also interesting given what it is. this is a parent company of china's largest mobile payment company. it is interesting because it will pursue this deal in hong kong, but also their shanghai stock exchange is star board, a new place just for -- it has changed from this online a bidrom food delivery in to get back shoppers lost to tenzan. it is kind of nitty-gritty fight at its best. we will see if they get the valuation and what it means. to thelmost headed european close, let's take a quick look at markets. overall, you are seeing a good rally in the equity market. a bit into the

. >> nova just continually up. people who love these. mark cuban had some great comments, carl people who come to this market, initially we're in the early phase of this, but people who cannot resist. when i get up at 4:00, 3:30, they're in there buying these stocks i don't know who these people are, but they're having the time of their life and i just hope they take something off the table. boy do they hate that talk, carl they go to the casino and constantly rolling the dice, constantly because not all these companies are going to make it they're not all going to hit >> right and then we're still awaiting this news that we think we're going to get on oxford >> it was supposed to be sunday night and then this morning. they're not in tune with what we, in the stock market where we're expecting something before the opening. look, that's where i first got turned on to how bad things can be very editorially and the moderna down grade is the most important thing because the possibility that not everything is going to come through moderna has

as a matter of fact, $2 billion has gone to two different companies, moderna and nova, that's remarkable're gambling a lot of money sometimes on these companies on real hope that it's going to happen, but we're not sure. >> okay. that begs another question. so, what if we pick a winner, a company that develops the first vaccine. but all of a sudden, another company comes out with a more effective vaccine? what does that do to the dynamic? >> yeah, you know, the fortunate part for vaccine makers is it's not like blood pressure where you go into your doctor and you get your blood pressure reading and it's an exact figure. vaccines you can argue a little bit about which one is better or worse than another. for instance, one may produce more natural antibodies that will help the body fight off the coronavirus. another may produce t-cell response which is another way to boost the body's ability to fight off the coronavirus. one may have fewer side effects. but it's very difficult. let's say pfizer crosses the line first. we start using the pfizer vaccine. all of a sudden, you got johnson & jo