the average ph of the ocean is about 8.1. we're expecting it to decline about another .2 to .3 units, possibly more. you may not think that that is an incredibly important detail, but it actually turns out that animals in the ocean have evolved in a pretty stable ph, that the magnitude of change we're expecting is much greater than they've seen in any recent evolutionary period of time. aquilino: all of the caldera instruments come back tomorrow. swezey: oh. hill: so this place will be hummin' starting this weekend. swezey: ok. hill: we were particularly interested in species along the west coast of the u.s. that people would really identify as sort of classic west-coast species. and so we began thinking about ocean acidification impacting abalone and other species that many people on the west coast, if you're walking along a shore, they're the species that you think of as being sort of characteristically what you would find on this shore. when an abalone or a clam is making its shell, it is essentially pulling components out

there will be more plastic by weight in th ocean than fish in the ocean by 2050. it's an unexplained health issue because plastic breaks down into teenie tiny microscopic pieces and infiltrates harm to the fi, wildlife and human health. so, we're not doing a very good job at handling this as a country and world. we onlyanage a fraction of the plastic was that we prode, much of what we fail to manage goesnto the ocean. internional efforts will help us combat this ocean plastic pollution and we can make positive changes here at home because our waste and water infrastructure needs improving, as does our recycling system. but we must reduce new plastic waste and create econoc incentives to cleanp the plastic waste already be fouling our seas. and it 2.0 shows to address the plastic pollution. this year t senate passed save our seas 2.0 by unanimous const and we hope by house action to pass it into law in this congress. the bills do two things we need to do, boost internaonal engagement and strengthen our domestic response. so what's out there right now? pro blue, an

clean cities, blue oceans. in addition to proding grants to these local organizations, clean cities blue ocean provides technical expertise to enabl private sector engagement, investment in infrastructure, while ensuring greater government transparency and improved local enforcement of regulaons. usaid also rognizes that the resources and innovations of the private sector are needed to achieve greater impact. this year, usaid launched a partnership with the alliance to end plastic waste. this coalition of 47 multinational companies has committed $1.5 billion to the miion of ending plastic waste in the environment. usaid also recently launched a blended finance partnership with impact investor circulate catal. this leverage is more than $100 -- this leverages more than $100 million from multinational companies like pepsico, procter & gamble, and coca-cola to look at their recycling value change in southeast asia. we are pleased to report that circulate capital recently announced the first investment deal was aou

as the climate changes, so do our oceans and the oceans are changing in ways that scientists are stillo some of these whole eco—systems and newly—discovered species could already be under threat. our oceans have absorbed nearly a third of carbon dioxide that has been released into the atmosphere since the industrial revolution and this has shifted the chemistry of the sea water that these animals have evolved in. we have this really terrifying the prospect that right across the global ocean the sea is becoming slightly more acid. so we face the prospect that the corals of deep sea are changing, their skeletons are getting more porous as that slightly acidic sea water corrodes and damages their skeletons. it is like an osteoperosis, they're becoming more brittle, more vulnerable to breaking. and it's those coral skeletons that form the structures that are the buildings, the architecture of those cities of deep sea. this research is unravelling how diverse and interconnected life in the deep ocean is. and as our world changes quickly, these insights could be key to making sure that speci

as the climate changes, so do our oceans, and the oceans are changing in ways that scientists are stillovered species could already be under threat. our oceans have absorbed nearly a third of the carbon dioxide that's been released into the atmosphere since the industrial revolution, and this has shifted the chemistry of the sea water that these animals have evolved in. we have this really terrifying prospect that, right across the global ocean, the sea is becoming slightly more acid. so we face the prospect that the corals of the deep sea are changing, their skeletons are getting more porous, as that slightly acidic sea water corrodes and damages their skeletons. it's almost like an osteoporosis. they're becoming more brittle, more vulnerable to breaking. and it's those coral skeletons that form the structures that are the buildings, the architecture of those cities of the deep sea. this research is unravelling how diverse and interconnected life in the deep ocean is. and as our world changes quickly, these insights could be key to making sure that species don't disappear before they'r

as the climate changes, so do our oceans, and the oceans are changing in ways that scientists are stilled species could already be under threat. our oceans have absorbed nearly a third of the carbon dioxide that's been released into the atmosphere since the industrial revolution, and this has shifted the chemistry of the sea water that these animals have evolved in. this research is unravelling how diverse and interconnected life in the deep ocean is. and as our world changes quickly, these insights could be key to making sure that species don't disappear before they're even discovered. victoria gill, bbc news. the gaming industry has proved to be a coronavirus winner and a lifeline for tens of millions of consumers looking for relief from lockdown boredom. the number of people playing video games during 2020 was up 40% compared to before the pandemic. but will this success continue? and how does the industry plan on keeping the new gamers happy?. earlier i asked russ frushtick, co—founder of the games website polygon in new york, whether this success would carry on in 2021. yeah, i don

changes, so do our oceans, and the oceans are changing in ways thatcientists are still learning about trying to understand, so some of these whole ecosystems and new discovered species could already bender threat. our oceans have absorbed nofrly one irhe carbon dioxide atmosphere the industrial the revolution, and this has shifted the chemistry of the seawater that these animals have evolved in. >> we have this really across the ocean, the sea isht becoming slightly more acid, so we face the prospect that the corals of the deep-sea arech ging. their skeletons are getting more porous as that sliattly acidic se corrodes and damages their skeletons. it is almost like an osteoporosis. they are becoming more brittle, more prone to breaking, and it is the structure that builds up the area. reporter: how diverse and connected life in the deep ocean world changes quickly, these insights could be key to making sure that species do not disappear before they are bbc overed. anchor: now, if there ione thing w are all looking forward to it is welcoming in the new year. in n york, they are saying g

has bfected by human activity. >> as thelimateo changes, so our oceans.ceans are changing in ways that scientists are still learning adeut trying to tand. so some of these whole osystems and newly discovered species could already be under threat. our oceans have absorbed nearly 1/3 of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosere since the industrial rhiolution. and has shifted the chemistry of the sea water. terrifying prospect right across the global ocean the sea is becoming more acide. the corals of the deep-sea are changing. their skeletons are getting more porous, with that slightly acidic seawater that damage is the skeletons. it is like osteoporosis. they are becoming more vulnerable to breaking. it is those coral skeletons that a form thehitecture of those cities under the deep-sea. >> this r uearch iaveling how diverse and interconnected life inhe deep ocean is. as our world changes quickly, these insights could be key to making sure that species don't disappear before they are even discovered. >> you can always find me on twitter. than narrator

as the climate changes, so do our oceans, and the oceans are changing in ways thatcientists ar stillrning about and trying to understand, so somef these whole ecosystems and new discovered species could already be under threat. our oceans have absorbed nearly one ird of the carbon dioxide that has been release in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution, and thishi hased the chemistry of the seawater that these animals have evolved in. >> we have this really terrifying prospect that right across the oce the sea is becoming slightly more acid, soe ace the prospect that the corals of the deep-sea are chkeging. theirtons are getting more porous as that slightly acidic seawater corrodes and damages their skeletons. it ialmost like anis osteopor they are becoming more brittle, more prone to breaking, is the structure that builds up the area. reporter:iv howse and connected life in the deep ocean quickly, these insights could be key to making sure that species do not disappear before they are discovered. bbc nech. : now, if there is one thing we are a looking forward to it is welcomi

rise and so forth but a really interesting example in this region is of course ocean warming and you know we talked with developed countries about reducing greenhouse gases and so forth and a direct livelihood impact of course with the oceans one for us of course is the devastation about carla now biodiversity in the oceans but also our livelihood such as fish rates you know we've seen a huge impact on our fisheries and economies where but the oceans warming officials starting to move to where they are away from traditional fishing sites and making it harder for people to of course manage livelihoods and so forth so. much more than weather and in a general sense yeah yeah yeah i agree maybe i just did the distinction between weather and climate as opposed to weather and climate change which actually but the question was and yeah climate change you know as you said awdrey is so much more than just weather i mean weather is a tiny facet of what it will affect. so let me move on a little bit middle restart of this conversation because the well meter logic organization which is part of t

i am out here at ocean beach, and the wind is still with us. it is very chilly blowing up my back from the pacific ocean right now. but the rain has let up, but it has not stopped people from coming out and trying to celebrate at christmas that is a little different even in the rain. the storm began blowing in midafternoon, the sharp wind off the pacific combined with sideways rain pushed the heartiest off the sand and into cars. from our tower cameras, rain was hitting all major bridges including the richmond sanford resell and labored. drivers used to dry roads found themselves in slick situations, like this been out on i-80 in emeryville today. people tired of being cooped up put on flickers and hit the sand for fresh air and the surf on the covid-19 christmas. >> it was so windy, anytime there are kite servers out it is bad for surfers, but it was very fun. i cut two quick rides, good workout. >> reporter: somewhere even forming new traditions, like one family from chicago. his family from italy could not visit due to travel restrictions, s

. >> next, hearing on ways to combat plastic pollution in the oceans. a senate appropriations subcommittee look at the economic and environmental consequences of pollution, waste management assistance for developing nations, and ways to support ocean conservation. >> senator leahy, sorry'm late. so then. d has arrived that we talking about plastics in the ocean. why are we having this hearing? so that senator sullivan and senator whitehouse will leave me alone. [laughing] >> highly meritorious reason. >> if we ever clean up classics in the ocean it will be because of these two folks, and senator pat leahy and i would be willing

noaa now operates oceanic observation and research throughout our world's oceans. measuring the health of our oceans to, the health of our fisheries and weather predictions. it operates atmospheric research and operation, weather prediction, again, national hazard warnings. it operates fisheries enforcement, increasingly throughout our world, including in partnership with our friends and allies. and including it increases partner shitches with foreign countries projecting part of our power throughout this world. it does its vital work with a critical team including the structured, uniformed commissioned officers corps. the women and men of the noaa corps operate noaa's highly specialized fleet of survey ships an aircraft. they conduct world class oceanic and atmospheric research, including hurricane aviators who fly into, above, and around hurricanes to give forecasters accurate data for their storm forecast and warnings used by emergency managers at the -- as they make life and death decisions. like the other uniformed services, active duty noaa corps officers spe

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through four units that face ocean avenue and a 5:00 a.m. time is not feasible for residents trying to sleep because the vans backing up make loud beeping sounds. at first they needed a 5:00 a.m. because people would allow for traffic to not stack up but traffic running eastbound on ocean during the morning, there's no traffic running web and the sign it's on and we'd like to make sure that ocean avenue -- >> that's your time. >> hi, my name peter tam. i would understand that with the intention of the approval and the incorporation and of a revocation due for violation of conditions on the same notes that were incorporated into a project at 276,516th street 276t and implementation of this project result in complaints from interested property owners, residents and commercial uses which are not resolved by the project sponsor and found to be in violation of the planning code and the specific conditions of approval for the project as set fourth in exhibit a of this motion and to zone administrator shall refer such complaints to the commission w

. >> working with kids in the ocean that aren't familiar with this space is really special because you're dealing with a lot of fear and apprehension but at the same time, a lot of excitement. >> when i first did it, i was, like, really scared, but then, i did it again, and i liked it. >> we'll get a group of kids who have just never been to the beach, are terrified of the idea, who don't like the beach. it's too cold out, and it's those kid that are impossible to get back out of the water at the end of the day. >> over the last few years, i think we've had at least 40 of our students participate in the city surf project. >> surfing helped me with, like, how to swim. >> we've start off with about two to four sessions in the pool before actually going out and surfing. >> swimming at the pool just helps us with, like, being, like, comfortable in the water and being calm and not being all -- not being anxious. >> so when we started the city surf project, one of the things we did was to say hey, this is the way to earn your p.e. credits. just getting kids to go try it was one of our initial c

the massive swell at ocean beach looking more like mavericks in half moon bay or even the pipeline in hawaii. >> watching the big waves and seeing the surfers going for it, it is a little too big up there for me but i am admiring all the other surfers going forward. >> reporter: you can see the faces they are triple and quadruple the height of surfers. >> we have a really big swell coming through, ocean beach in san francisco is one of the, one of the best big wave beach breaks we have up here in california. you know, it gets really gnarly, there's areas out here that are actually difficult to get out to the guys that are out there surfing, they are putting up a fight just to get out past the break today. >> the waves have so much for scummy make the wrong move, you could die in an instant. >> one of the most interesting things, it is a heavy sure pound come you can at easily break the neck or ahead, the ribs are really strong, the water is freezing, there's a great white breeding ground off the coast. it is pretty dangerous. >> reporter: the biggest waves we spotted were breaking sou

of kids that's consistent, and the word has spread, that it's super fun, that you learn about the ocean starting in the morning, you know, i get the vehicles ready, and then, i get all the gear together, and then, i drive and go get the kids, and we take them to a local beach. >> we usually go to linda mar, and then occasionally ocean beach. we once did a special trip. we were in capitola last year, and it was really fun. >> we get in a circle and group stretch, and we talk about specific safety for the day, and then, we go down to the water. >> once we go to the beach, i don't want to go home. i can't change my circumstances at home, but i can change the way i approach them. >> our program has definitely been a way for our students to find community and build friends. >> i don't really talk to friends, so i guess when i started doing city surf, i started to, like, get to know people more than i did before, and people that i didn't think i'd like, like, ended up being my best friends. >> it's a group sport the way we do it, and with, like, close camaraderie, but everybody's doing it for

of the under the atlantic ocean moralizing enslaved africans more not a just a little bit's as you can see there's a lot to talk about a lot to get it if you want to comment up to it so i guess you have to be quick on new chief but you know what to do jump into the comments section and he too can be part of the discussion so we start in afghanistan where i'm generally 20212000 u.s. troops would have been who would have left what could possibly be the impact of this have a look have a listen. more and more when the foreigners left they did not leave equipments like weapons vehicles and other military equipment that we needed we are an urgent need of heavy weapons like artillery mortars cannons and ammunition if we have all these heavy artillery with us we will be able to defend our country in a better way. to make the base commanders says the taliban often attacks the base from the mountains day in the night the base is only 11 kilometers from the border with pakistan from where he says taliban fighters can slip into the area. it's good to have you on the street. as here you are needed.

, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish.r 500 million people are dying. and water pollution is killing 9 million people every year. the last decade was the hottest on record, artic sea ice in october was the lowest ever and apocalyptic fires and floods, cyclones and hurricanes are the new normal. covid—19 lockdowns have temporarily reduced emissions, but carbon dioxide levels are at record levels and rising. every tenth of a degree of warming makes the world of difference. today, we are 1.2 degrees hotter with unprecedented climate extremes and volatility. without concerted action, we may be heading for a catastrophic three to 5 degrees temperature rise this century. the science is clear. for example, unless their world cuts fossil fuel production by 6% every year between now and 2030, things will get worse, much worse. instead, we are on track to go up by 2% each year. we are going in the wrong direction. and so dearfriends, making peace with nature must be priority one for the 21st century. the recovery from the pandemic o

at ocean beach, andria borba, kpix 5 news. >> thanks, andria. if you're looking for snow, your best chance is above 3,000 feet. a winter storm watch in effect for areas up north until tomorrow morning. >>> tonight a woman is in serious condition after her car plunged off a cliff at ft. funston. you can see the car flipped over on to the sand a long way down. officials transported the driver to the trauma center. >>> tonight california hospitals are trying to keep up with the surge in covid cases and hospitalizations. in the bay area, fewer than 10% of icu beds are available. across the state, only 1,400 are left. and california's averaging about 40,000 new cases daily. down in southern california, it's really bad. the health director said that one person dies of covid-19 every ten minutes in l.a. county. right now there are about 6,500 covid patients hospitalized with 20% in intensive care. icu capacity in both the san joaquin valley and in southern california are down to zero. in santa clara county, two weeks since hospitals started hitting cap

the ocean around us as a resort or recreation, this was business. so i think probably the thought of learning to swim never occurred to them. >> some of them came from farms. [laughter] ev right. did women ever travel on whaling ships? peggi: yes. sailors'often, only wives, no other women were allowed to go on whale ships. it was not not frequent, but a number of wives did go along, we have a wonderful story from the museum about women who accompanied their husbands on whaling voyages. there is a wonderful new book called "flowers in the leagues that tells a story of a woman who went on a voyage with her husband, and kept a journal which we have and that is a wonderful story of what it was like for a woman to go out. -- itrom home with quite was quite an adventure for women in those days. but the women who were left behind in nantucket were very powerful women if you think about it. the men were gone and the women had to run this town and they did so in remarkable ways. we have remarkable stories of the nantucket women who were so ahead of their tim

the water leached out the sodium meaning the primordial ocean now contained but sodium and chlorine. as the sea evaporated in many areas over the course of millions of years it left behind sodium chloride otherwise known as cells. and the process continues to this day the sun evaporates the water and sea salt is left behind and on very hot sunny days with steady winds were to kill a fine crystals form the coveted for the just said. today's salt from ancient oceans is also found far from the say the movement of the earth's tectonic plates pushed the salt i the to high at elevations. bone deep into the ground. so all. our salt originally hails from the seas and oceans one of the oldest ways of harvesting this vital material is by allowing sea water to evaporate in basins salt crystals are left behind. but much of the salt formed millions of years ago now slumbers beneath the earth's surface we visit our walk salt mine in western germany to see how it is extracted. and that will need about 100 seconds to get to the bottom we're moving at 10 meters per 2nd. move of left amman heads the s

we can handle, we want the health of the ocean. >> exactly. >> throughout the show we're seeing newpanies and old school companies making huge changes, how much should the government step in? it feels they should take a more active role to push this movement forward. >> i would like to see much more government activity. it's so far limited to the private sector and i think this sdg environmental protection if it's going to take off it has to be private and government cooperation of the government definitely has to do more. >> and right now with all of the corona news a lot of this is over shadowed. >> yes. >> it's easy to pretend to forget about it but these issues are still happening and changes need to be made. >> well we'll have a new u.s. administration more cognizant of the environment and hopefully u.s. will impact the japanese government to could more. >> i think you also mentioned crisis with a lot of these companies. how do these companies go about getting investments? >> again they're mostly getting investments through the private sector which is a healthy way of doing it

the water leached out the sodium meaning the primordial ocean now contained but sodium and chlorine. as the sea evaporated in many areas over the course of millions of years it left behind sodium chloride otherwise known as cells. and the process continues to this day the sun evaporates the water and sea salt is left behind and on very hot sunny days with steady winds were to kill a fine crystals form the coveted just said. today salt from ancient oceans is also found far from the sea the movement of the earth's tectonic plates push the salt either to high at elevations. pull in deep into the ground. so all. our salt originally hails from the seams and oceans one of the oldest ways of harvesting this vital material is by allowing sea water to evaporate in basins salt crystals are left behind. but much of the salt formed millions of years ago now slumbers beneath the earth's surface we visit our walk salt mine in western germany to see how it is extracted. and that will need about 100 seconds to get to the bottom we're moving at 10 meters per 2nd. move of the time on heads the salt pr

the water had leached out the sodium meaning the primordial ocean now contained but sodium and chlorine. as the sea a vacuum. aged in many areas over the course of millions of years it left behind sodium chloride otherwise known as cells. and the process continues to this day the sun evaporates the water and sea salt is left behind and on very hot sunny days with steady winds particularly fine crystals form the coveted. today's sultry ancient oceans is also found far from the city the movement of the earth's tectonic plates push the salt either to high as. both deep into the ground. so all our salt originally hails from the seas and oceans one of the oldest ways of harvesting this vital material is by allowing sea water to evaporate in basins salt crystals are left behind. but much of the salt formed millions of years ago now slumbers beneath the earth's surface we visit our walks up mine in western germany to see how it is extracted. from that will need about 100 seconds to get to the bottom we're moving at 10 meters per 2nd. move of left amman heads the salt production here 900 meters

the water leached out the sodium meaning the primordial ocean now contained but sodium and chlorine. as the sea evaporated in many areas over the course of millions of years it left behind sodium chloride otherwise known as cells. and the process continues to this day the sun evaporates the water and sea salt is left behind and on very hot sunny days with steady winds for to kill a fine crystals form the coveted. today's salt from ancient oceans is also found far from the sea the movement of the earth's tectonic plates pushed the salt either to high at elevations. deep into the ground. so all. our salt originally hails from the seas and oceans one of the oldest ways of harvesting this vital material is by allowing sea water to evaporate in basins salt crystals are left behind. but much of the salt formed millions of years ago now slumbers would meet the earth's surface we visit our walk salt mine in western germany to see how it is extracted. from that we'll need about 100 seconds to get to the bottom we're moving at 10 meters per 2nd. just move of the time on heads the salt producti

area, and ngalso cooown the ocean.or ver highly adaptede creatures like see the oceans in antarctica and aroun south georgia, this could be quite bad for plankton at the very bottom of the food chain. ros: before i go, we haven't mentioned brexit trade talks, they are still ongoing, but there has been no news of any concrete deal. there'ly so much to pass on. but efforts continue with just over two weeks to gomb before de 31, the date on which the u.k. and its brexit transition period. no doubt, we will turn back to that issue is the week goes on. thanks very much for wat ching. narrator: funding for this ampresentation of this pro is provided by... language specialists teachg spanish, french and more. raymond james. the freeman foundation. by judy and blum kovler foundation; pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs. and by contributions to this pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. nat t height of the conflict.d into vietnam he became a single parent of two younchildren. we moved a lot. we slept in res