of a process only. got a faith. lincoln's philosophy wrote his of proffered -- part was the source of his legendary grace and humility for food to our mutual in the hands of fate made as they are by conditions then to praise them or blame them was pure folly. this philosophy stretched quality, the president upon him so many great theories of american history depend saw himself as no different from anyone else, no one was less or more responsible for the conditions of the world than the next person because all were helpless to change events as they were directed from above. when marion robert rock and lincoln's that in the morning asking what he had decided, the president looked up the great light eliminating his face and answered i am a man under orders. i cannot do otherwise. thank you very much. [applause] >> i will take questions from anybody. >> how do you think lincoln would be viewed in today's political spectrum, liberal, conservative, democrat? >> that is a loaded question. certainly, people described the civil war as

we have a safe environment at the university of nebraska lincoln. as attention to the issue has grown, we doubled do you know on efforts to make sure that students are aware of their responsibility to treat each other in a respectful manner, to avoid situations such as may occur with binge drinking that could lead to unfortunate behavior. we want to make sure there are counselors available for our students so that this is handled in the proper manner, including law enforcement when necessary. a lot of the bad behavior on campuses has been targeted toward athletes who have been maybe cut a break at the university of nebraska if there are any allegations against athletes such as have occurred on other campuses, it's not handled by the athletic department, it's either handled by the separate part of the university or by local law enforcement. we take this very seriously. our region has past new policies in may for student and employee conduct. we'll do our best to make sure it's a safe campus. the new website for the university of nebraska lincoln that

god of faith. lincoln'svelocity wrote his law partner was the source of his legendary grace and humility. for if men are quote mere tools in the hands of fate, made as they are by conditions, and to praise them or blame them was pure folly. this philosophy stressed to quality your ironically the president upon him so many great man's theories of american history depends, saw himself as no different from anyone else. no one was less or more responsible for the conditions of the next person because all were helpless to change events as they were directed from above. when mary robert arrived in lincoln study in the morning, asking what he decided, the president looked up at him and answered, i am a man under orders. i cannot do otherwise. take you very much. [applause] >> i'll take questions from anybody. >> how do you think lincoln would be viewed in today's legal spectrum, yeah, liberal, conservative, democrat, republican? >> wow, that's a loaded question. well, certainly you know, people describe the civil w

with all of the court-martials going on wp what does lincoln know. and to paraphrase the late senator, what did the president know, when did he know it and following that, you do you have any evidence of what lincoln thought about all of these court-martials? >> a great question. i don't know. lincoln didn't keep a diary unfortunately. so i don't know his most intermate thoughts on this issue. what you can tell, he ended up having to approve a lot of these. any time a soldier was sentenced to be executed, lincoln would have to approve it before the execution is carried out. i saw one soldier who deserved who was sentenced to be executed and lincoln appears to have allowed the execution to go forward although i haven't -- the soldier is not listed in the list of men executed during war. lincoln approved a lost dismi dismiss dismissals. there is a famous case, took place in 1862, john j. key serve on hallock's staff in maryland. key was overheard to have said, you know, we don't really want to hurt the south that badly. we just want to bring them to a p

lincoln takes 3/5 of the soldier vote. why? what caused the soldiers to vote for lincoln in such numbers? the central issue of the election is the war. the candidates offered two distinct choices to the fighting men. a vote for lincoln is a vote for the prosecution of the war. a vote for mcclellan meant to stop hostilities immediately. it offered the possibility of returning home. but you would have to admit the entire war effort had been a failure. the men who voted in 1864's army were fighting for a cause bequeathed to them by a revolutionary generation, and had been raised to love the ideology of union and liberty. secession -- private wilbur fisk wrote home, "when we reflect that we are standing on the outer verge of all that is left of the american union and nothing but rebellion is beyond and that we are guarding our own homes from treasons usurpations, we feel a thrill of pride that we are permitted to bear a part in maintaining our government." by 1864, the emancipation proclamation had been released for a year. democrat

and that's how much lincoln wanted to settle out of court. and i think lincoln brought that sort of approach, wanting to be able to work with people and wanting to be able to resolve issues. and ultimately, i mean, he was trying to resolve issues between two big neighbors during the civil war, the union and the confederacy. the writ of habs you corpus and whether his practice as a lawyer influenced that decision -- [ inaudible question ] >> right. sure. i don't know if lincoln's practice as a lawyer prepared him necessarily for that specific issue. and i'll just very briefly summarize. i wrote a book about this called "abraham lincoln and treason during the civil war." in april, 1861, the upper south succeeded, four upper south states and maryland was on the verge of succession, so lincoln thought. lincoln looked at that situation and he thought, i can't allow maryland to succeed, because if they do, the national capital will be surrounded by an enemy nation. lincoln sent a private letter to his commanding general authorizing scott to suspend

that is how much lincoln wanted to settle out of court. think lincoln brought that , wanting to beh a bull to work with people and wanting to resolve issues, and ultimately, he was trying to resolve issues between two big neighbors during the civil war, the union and the confederacy. your question was about habeas corpus and whether his practice as a lawyer influenced that decision. >> [inaudible] >> right. sure. lincoln'snow if practice as a lawyer prepared him necessarily for that specific issue. i will briefly summarize. tooote the book about this, . at the beginning of the civil war, secession was on the move. seven states had already seceded before lincoln even became president. in april 1861, the upper south seceded. and maryland was on the verge of secession, so lincoln thought. lincoln looked at this situation and thought, i cannot allow maryland to secede because if they do, the national capital will be surrounded by an enemy nation. so lincoln center private letter to his commanding general, to suspend scott habeas corpus along t

it was the abraham lincoln touch. now ofcourse lincoln and johnson, their parties controlled congress by a substantial margins. and that has not been the case with obama. so in some respects, i think obama has been a victim of bad luck. >> rose: when it comes to the makeup of the opposition. >> in the terms of the makeup of the opposition and their implacable determination to oppose everything he stands for. >> rose: you were once told that you would be forced to choose between becoming a popular historian or a historian's historian. did you ever make that choice? >> i believe you can be both. >> rose: that's exactly what i was going to say. >> so i think-- . >> rose: because history is exciting and popular. >> yes. and i think that history can be serious. can be educational, and at the same time, can be entertaining. >> rose: yes. >> if it is well written. >> if it's well written. and if it has a great story to tell. >> rose: if there's passion for the people. >> if there's passion, that's exactly right. >> rose: why dow ha

historians of the civil war era often ask about abraham lincoln. what would he have done, had he lived the entire length of his second term as president? had he lived even through the first several months of what might have been? less often asked is the question, what if congress had been in session during that time, and not had to wait to gin toer to be address these questions. you catch them in december at the end of that year. that he is stevens and his colleagues in the house of representatives closed shop the first week of march, the first day of lincoln's second administration. the day of his inaugural address. the second inaugural. we can refer to things he said. we would have seen what reconstruction policy he would have pursued. maybe and maybe not. think about it. nine months had passed. 1888, the first time voters in presidential elections, how many were conceived and born during that interlude? that is a long period of time. johnson, the new president, new -- knew the inaugurated vice president and now suddenly president was in charge. h

we don't know to what extent adams was aware of lincoln. we know a great deal, though most of it through indirect sources about lincoln's having been aware of john quincy adams and looked up to him from the mid-1820's until john quincy adams' death. during the three monthly overlapped in congress, they voted the same way on every major issue, and there were three major issues. the two of them voted against the mexican war, which they both detested. they voted against slavery, which was in favor of abolishing slavery in the district of columbia. he and lincoln voted the same way. they also voted to allocate federal funds for infrastructure projects for improvements. they were along the same wavelength. they shared the same policies. >> very last question, and this has to be very quick. >> this is sort of similar to the previous question. towards the end of his presidency, he was pretty much exiled by his party. were those particular policies and sympathies with jeffersonian policies that alienated him from his party, or is there anything in p

we have a safe environment at the university of nebraska lincoln. as attention to the issue has grown, we doubled do you know on efforts to make sure that students are aware of their responsibility to treat each other in a respectful manner, to avoid situations such as may occur with binge drinking that could lead to unfortunate behavior. we want to make sure there are counselors available for our students so that this is handled in the proper manner, including law enforcement when necessary. a lot of the bad behavior on campuses has been targeted toward athletes who have been maybe cut a break at the university of nebraska if there are any allegations against athletes such as have occurred on other campuses, it's not handled by the athletic department, it's either handled by the separate part of the university or by local law enforcement. we take this very seriously. our region has past new policies in may for student and employee conduct. we'll do our best to make sure it's a safe campus. the new website for the university of nebraska lincoln that

james lynder is the interim president of the university of nebraska, lincoln. part of c-span buses big ten college tour. >> c-span's campaign 2014 coverage continues tonight with the new hampshire senate debate between senator jeanne shaheen and republican and former massachusetts senator scott brown. the race is listed in some recent polls as a tossup and it's one of the races that could determine control of the u.s. senate. see it tonight, 8:00 p.m. on c-span. at 9:00, the first and only debate for oregon senate between incumbent jeff merkley and republican monica web bi. poll list this as likely democrat. a large field of congressional candidates face off in louisiana. here's a look at some ads running in the fifth district. life is filled with ups and downs. >> but a man's character is based on how many times he gets back up and stands again. >> i'm lucky to have been blessed with a great family and a wonderful christian wife. >> and i'm blessed to have a husband who owns up to his mistakes, never gives up, always fighting for the good people of louisiana. >

he is the chairman of the abraham lincoln bicentennial foundation, of which i'm a member. good to see you. you start the book with a quote from lincoln saying he who moulds public sentiment: that focus on public opinion is something you expect the politician to say. you wouldn't expect that of lincoln. >> yet he saw so quickly that reaching the public was the only way to move people towards pol sighs that would enshrine unionism. he had a long road to travel to pursue the golds, and needed backing for what were basically unpopular clauses. >> it was important and unpopular. issue were more significant. that said, you see counter spol tirns, and in certain ways abraham lincoln was doing that. as you said in the intro. highly publicised. openly so, no disguising or masking. newspaper men, editors were part and parcel of political organizations. editors questing for public officers to say "i want to own a newspaper. people are going back and forth, always to pursue their goals. if you get the prize, if you reach success, win a political office, the presidency, the rewards were

of their respective causes. lincolnnsisted there could be no peace, no solution short of preservation of the united states as one nation, and as the war went on that included a second warning for the north, the abolition of slavery from jefferson davis is one of you these were unacceptable. he said there can be no end to this conflict short of complete confederate independence. there was no middle ground as long as they were the leaders of the respective causes. if abraham lincoln had been defeated for reelection in 1864, and replaced by george mcclellan, it is hard to say what would have happened. he would not have insisted on the abolition of slavery. if we take him at his word. he would have insisted on reunion. i think the war is only going to end and surrendered by one side or the other. once lincoln was reelected it was clear the handwriting was on the wall. it was on the ropes by that time. now there was no hope of a president making the concessions. >> you saw the movie "lincoln." didn't resonate with you as wha

of it. it only opened in 2008. president lincoln spent about one quarter of his presidency in the lincoln cottage. it's fairly modest, but it was outside of the center of the city. it was away from the white house for people who were always bothering him about something, and away from the disease and the heat of downtown washington, d.c., so he and his family would escape. he would ride back and forth on his horse, sometimes alone, and go to the lincoln cottage. high elevation. he could also look out and see the dome of the capital that was under construction, and it was one of his objectives that the capitol dome be completed to show the strength of the union. sadly, we know today that many of the people who worked on that dome were slaves, but for abraham lincoln, it was also a symbol of the union. if you go to the grounds of the lincoln cottage today, you can walk and see the capitol dome from there, and it remains a very inspiring site. also, sadly, you can go to the ford theater, where he was shot, and then you can cross the st

>> at the university of nebraska, lincoln, the tenure density is around 60%. and the process at the university of nebraska lincoln is a faculty may enter a tenure track and after several years of service develop a portfolio that would be assessed to determine whether the faculty would be tenured or not. there are different systems used throughout the country. at our medical center for example, in omaha, faculty -- all faculty enter on what's called a health professions track and sometime during their career, it could be three years or ten years, may opt for a consideration for tenure. but it isn't the classic upper out situation you see in some tenured programs. >> back to calls, we'll go to brian, texas. william is watching us there. go ahead, william. >> yes. i would like to ask mr. linder how the philosophy of the mentality that would establish several in the early -- 100 years ago has changed. it was originally organized to support the agricultural area or the agrarian society. how has that changed and is the change in the right direction? >> well, the univ

why would a guy on the party of lincoln do that? he's not alone. in february, he signed bills in ohio eliminating the number of early voting and registration days. why would a guy in the party of lincoln do that? in 2012, can we remember florida had the worst voter lines thanks to rick scott. remember, according to the guy across the street here in new jersey, you have to have these guys in charge to have a goode election. however, this year, scott is in trouble. it explains why rick scott is starting to say stuff like this. >> we are going to win. if you have an absent ballot or know anybody that does, get them to vote today. go to early voting today. get everyone to vote. >> if you have a bat lot vote. >> today, what we are doing is getting the vote out. we are going to make sure if you have an absent ballot to vote. you can vote next door. go out and vote today. >> that is just a classic soundbyte there. did you see rick scott standing there saying go out to vote early. early voting is what it's about. christie is next to him about to throw up. w

as a preface of the book notes, with the exception of lincoln, no president has been more scrutinized than roosevelt. richard himself wrestles with the question spread at the very beginning of the thousands of roosevelt books, why do we need another one? and the answer is most of what has been written about the fdr presidency is concentrate on the new job is first to terms during world war ii. roosevelt's second act is rooted in the years 1939 and 40 invokes a show plan fdr's decision to defy a run

she's of course written works on lincoln, eleanor and franklin roosevelt and a book on lyndon johnson with whom she worked when she was a white house fellow. she is from brooklyn. [cheers and applause] a big fan of the brooklyn dodgers that she wrote a book about them as well. clap back the brook when dodgers don't exist any longer come associate shifted her legions to the boston red sox. [cheers and applause] and she was the first woman to go into the boston red sox locker room. she is a graduate of colby college, phi beta kappa naturally. later when a white house fellowship and is a white house fellow was assigned to the white house and worked with president indirectly. after she left as a white house fellow, she went to harvard, finished her teaching assignment there. she taught at harvard, got a phd as well and then she began her career after teaching of writing extraordinary books. so i would like to start by asking you this. you have written books about presidency obviously couldn't know. abraham lincoln, teddy roosevelt, franklin roosevelt, john kennedy. if you had a chance to

lincoln could only know what he many of those things were coming from charles a danner. .o rosecrans was relieved since we are in richmond here, let me read something from the richmond examiner. it says meanwhile, lincoln is helping us. he has removed from command the most dangerous man in his army and put two fools in his place. mean pretext for rosecrans removal had been published by the yankee press. asecrans thus retired unquestionably the greatest captain the yankee nation has yet produced. is performance in the field too fresh in the memory of every reader to necessitate recapitulation. this is a man few people even know about today. vicksburg waser itd of title -- idle, and wasn't necessarily his desire, he visited several cities, including new orleans, where he falls off a horse and hurt his leg very badly. but then right before tockamauga he is summoned louisville, kentucky. this is after the battle. there are two sets of orders. rand will be an overall command, but one set of orders leaves rosecrans in charge of the army of the potomac and the other removes him. not surprisi

roosevelt boulevard instead of lincoln drive this afternoon. and talking about the house fire in clifton heights. oak avenue gets you around the blockage. we have delays on septa as paoli regional rail line because of slippery tracks. checking it again in the next half-hour. >>> will do, matt. thank you. coming on "action news" monday night. the search for eric frein continues. it changes how some people live. cecily. >>> i am tracking a foggy morning with a taste of summer in the accuweather forecast. >>> we'll be right back on "action news at 5:00". >>> well, it has been more than a month since eric frein ambushed two state troopers. the manhunt has an impact on the constantly shifting search area. werwalter has the story. >>reporter:there was a price tag of more than a million dollars a week. deep in the woods are hundreds of heavily armed officers searching for the most wanted fugitive in the u.s. it could be a harbinger for good things to come. the search is entering stroud township. >> i see a difference in business at nighttime. you know,

c-span: what do you think of art around lincoln? just lincoln in general. is there a lot of it -- >> guest: there's a tremendous amount of photography. lincoln was the first president whose image was really, really ramified by photography. but that's, of course, there's a popular demand. he was the first president in the age of photography who really was regarded as popular, you know, in an almost demme-god like way at least for northerners. but official paintings of lincoln are, for the most part, pretty dull. you know, as american or any other official portrait tends to be. it's the photographs that we remember him by. c-span: now this is on the cover one we see all the time, the american flag, but it's -- >> guest: by jasper jones. c-span: when was this done? >> guest: 1955, and what a stir it caused then. strangely enough -- c-span: whysome. >> guest: well, because, you know, it caused a big stir in the art world because people couldn't be sure if they were looking at a flag or an image of a flag. it clearly was an image of flag, but if so, the painting

tell us about man, tell us of lincoln. tolstoy told him everything about lincoln and then said what made them so great after all not a great general not a great statesman. a greatness consisted of the integrity of his character in the moral fiber of his being. then i knew, here's ending ending for that book. your eyes looking somehow to make it to make it all come beyrle -- full circle. >> so, what is your next book going to be? >> right now i'm doing two things. i'm working on what might be potential movies about teddy and taft. they bought the rights for "the bully pulpit" maybe even a miniseries. [applause] i'm trying to think about muckrakers as a miniseries. a ida tarbell is my favorite character in the idea of this great female investigative journalist and then the relationship between teddy and taft but for a book at this stage of my life i don't think i can afford 10 years on millard fillmore or franklin pearce. there's no big person to go back too easily so i'm bringing all my guys in the room at the same time and

i thought there was a touch of the party of lincoln in the republican party. le from my home state of pennsylvania, the legislative leader, happily talking about how they were getting through voter suppression laws, they call them reform laws, that would cut down on the democratic vote, the minority vote. 14 states, we found out tonight, are still going to be hampered by, you can't vote on campus. you have to go back to your hometown. you can't vote early. all these things. you can't have same-day voting registration. all these techniques to keep older, minority people and sometimes students from voting perform. >> right. they may want to be the party of lincoln, republicans do, but they also want to be the party of winning and they're not going to be the party of winning if these folks who are typically suppressed actually vote. it's usually minorities, it's usually older minority people, students, as you say. republicans are having a very hard time winning with their candidates, winning with their issues. so what they're trying to do now is cut down on the nu

that of abraham lincoln. larities between the two were striking starting with their symbolism. all that wild grief was not just for the two leaders. their deaths in greece the deaths of all soldiers on battlefields far away. their bodies became the bodies of young men who would would never come home, their funeral stood in for the hundreds of thousands of funerals of dead soldiers that would never take place. lincoln and jackson in death where the vessel in which the heart of the american nation north and south would beat ford. what happened after lincoln's death was called the national funeral. in confederate terms jackson's was too but there were other similarities. both died at the height of their power and achievement and high water marks of their respective countries. bose transported home by train is that wound to the countryside met by thousands of grieving americans. the scale of lincoln was much larger. lynchburg was not new york. richmond was not chicago. the intensity of emotion was the same. there

so with the election of lincoln, all of that disappeared, and she was desperate to regain this position, this, you know, society and this influence that she had wielded. and so when a confederate captain approached her in the spring of 1831 and said would you be interested in running a confederate spy ring in washington, d.c., the federal capital, rose disregarded the danger of that and said, of course. of course i want to do that. and she immediately began cultivating sources. by cultivates, i mean sleeping with -- [laughter] and managed to bed quite a high number of high reactioning union officials -- high ranking union officials including the chairman of lincoln's military affairs. so you can imagine their pillow talk was quite interesting. >> and she entertained these men in her home. >> oh, yes. the neighbors watched the men come and go and called her wild rose. it was a very catty situation going on. [laughter] but rose knew what she was doing and was very serious about her intent to help the confederate army. >> now, how did, how did bell first learn about rose? because belle, yo

one of the most shocking turn abouts. it drives lincoln's funeral procession off the front page of major newspapers. of this betrayal of the northern war effort which were not meant to keep southern state governments on the ground. when grant gets there, sherman says to him, but i don't understand. if we don't keep them in charge then who is in charge? here is no government. grant says that is exactly what they intend. for weeks and months in the south there is literal anarchy something sherman can't conceive of. as a legal description, there is no functioning government in large parts of the south. that then in turn creates the momentum for a little understood and often overlooked dispersion of u.s. troops across the southern countryside. in march and april of 1865 the u.s. army is in about 120 spots in the u.s. south in the rebel states. by the summer it'll be at 650. the total number of places it occupies over the course of the war probably approached somewhere close to a thousand. we'll never know exactly. this makes it one of the most g

trial. -- the trial of the lincoln assassin. during that trial, one assassin in particular gained tremendous public symphony, mary sirotka, surrat, public sympathy that is well and alive, not only across parts of virginia, but also across hollywood, where i don't think a lot of people thought -- the conspirator -- rrat's up mary su potential innocence and a sympathetic figure. this is another reason why he was perfect. he was the perfect man for trial. one of the people that boards him. he describes him in the following way. wirz has a small head, a retreating for head with the hair very then, threatening baldness. prominent years, his eyes are large and of mixed blue and gray, very restless, reminding you continually of a cat when the animal is excited by the scent of prey. the man who writes this was the president of the commission that tries henry wirz. he writes this before the proceedings have begun. therefore there is a bit of prejudice in the mind of the presiding officer. wallace had already tried on the commission to try

select to save her home wasn't rifle distance of the white house. she called lincoln st. gone. in rival distance of say in. and stands on detective soldiers, looks in the window and what does he see the rose and the trader sitting on a couch looking over fortifications and maps and then the two start passionate making out. .. >> there were many cartoons that celebrated confederate women, in particular their ability to smuggle things across the lines in cent lin. and if anybody doesn't know, this is this rigid cage-like structure that could structure a diameter of six feet. so you could imagine the volume of things that you could attach to this. people attached coffee, sabers, pistols, packages of guilt braid, silk, boots, several pairs of boots at a time. and belle boyd was sort of the queen of smuggling. there was a report from the 28th pennsylvania that they were missing 14 muskets and about 200 sabers -- [laughter] and it was all the doing of belle boyd. so that was quite an enterprise. [laughter] >> so here you are, you're a, you're a pennsylvania girl, you know, living in a

he is a bitter opponent of lincoln's. but lincoln makes several appointments that changed the complexion of the court so that time it to the case in 1863, the ones that declared civil war could be conducted under the same rules as a foreign war, he is now majority in the court in favor of his policies. so he's in a new position with respect to claims of emancipation. maybe one more. >> george, right here. et al. distinguished gentlemen in the second row. >> i wanted to thank you for a really interesting talk. fantastic. if there's one central message or lesson you hope someone takes my book, what would that be? >> i could have planted you there for that one, couldn't i? [laughter] he's also the godfather of my children so it actually could have happened. [laughter] i would say the fragility and loneliness of leadership, and how we can do think about the decisions, about great men as having arrived at them with little consternation, very little uncertainty in making their standing history. when, in fact, there are a lot of

right along 222 south of lincoln heading towards the border of berks and on the edge of kutztown, you see the downpours slowly moving to the east-northeast. once the sunsets they migrate in the east northeasterly direction. it's rain cooled to 60 in lancaster and 69 in philadelphia, and 71 sea isle city right to the boardwalk, numbers still running a few degrees above average. cold front is pushing through, and you may have been woken up by downpours this morning. all the tropical moisture now in new england, this cold pool of air, the upper level low that is swinging through and it ignited a couple of showers in the far northwestern suburbs. we are all dry and a nice afternoon and mild ahead of the next front up to 72 degrees, as we get into saturday, it starts sunny and it increases in the afternoon as the winds increase as the second front approaches and 69 degrees and we really drop it off the second half of the weekend. in fact, we look at future tracker temperatures by sunday afternoon, at 2:00 it's only 51 in allentown and 54 in philadelphia, 40s in the poconos if are you heade

james linder, the interim president, university of nebraska, lincoln, part of c-span bus' big ten college tour. we kicked that off this week. month-long series of interviews here on the washington journal with university presidents. on friday the bus will be at the university of iowa and we will talk with the president there, sally mason, on friday. this morning, though, dr. james linder aboard the c-span bus in lincoln, nebraska. charles in south sioux city, nebraska, a parent there. charles, go ahead with your question or comment. >> caller: good morning. i have a question. i have two grandsons going to your university in the ag department, and i was just wondering why is it so difficult to find scholarship or any kind of money to go to school. if you don't do the right research, you end up getting none. >> well, at the university of nebraska, lincoln, there are a wide variety of need-based scholarships and in fact at unl 3,000 students attend the university with no tuition charge. there are also other academic-related scholarships depending on what field the student is in. very few stu

of 1862. so, wasn't only lincoln who saw mcclellan had the slows. confederates realized this, and i think they took advantage of it. >> i felt you made a pretty compelling case for davis' position. is this based upon material that was not available to, say, some of the earlier evaluations of davis, or is this simply your revisionist that's? >> well, i suppose it's mostly the latter, but to some degree, it's partly based on newly -- new material. there's been major project going on nor last dozen years or -- well, maybe 15 years, at rice university, to publish all the papers of jefferson davis. and they have only recently gotten all of the wartime papers completed and published, and so being able to use that, which previously had not -- some of it had not previously been available to historians -- is one of the things that helicopter persuade me of some of the points i have been making here in this analysis of the davis-johnston relationship. it's also my perception dish mean, i've written about the lincoln, mcclellan relationship, and in a way, looki

had put together a winning team of grant and sherman and sheridan and thomas and lincoln's l leadership, and that eventually carried through to a victory. >> stephen: can i point out something? can we have a close shot of this? there's the cover. there's jefferson davis right there. i want to point out something to you. if i do this and this, if i do this, okay -- (laughter) -- if i do this, okay, and this -- (laughter) -- and this, and like that, like that, okay -- (laughter) (cheers and applause) is there any chance -- is there any chance that jefferson davis and lincoln were the same man? did anyone ever see them in the same room together? >> no one ever did. >> stephen: no one ever saw them? so they could have been the same person and just said mary todd was crazy to protect lincoln's secret identity and that's why lincoln had to be assassinated because only one of them could survive the war. >> that's right. >> stephen: that's your next book. >> that's my next book. >> stephen: thank you so much! (applause) >> stephen: james mcpherson, "embattled rebel". we'll be right