that point there is no more reason to attack -- attack the geographical area of the united states or canada or kansas. >> because we're just as powerful orÑkn >> in 30 days half of them would have opened mcdonald's franchises. and citizens would take them out at night. [applause] very good you can step down. who won that? by show of applause. mr. casey? [applause] >> this is very interesting about a rise added you when i spoke badly against the u.s. military you have an idea that if it is your social -- shoulder defending you butted is the mercenary armies. >> go back. >> any further witnesses? >> the prosecution will rest >> so now you can call your first witness. >> i called of brigadier-general. [applause] >> general we have a choice would you like to swear or take your oath on the 400 page monstrosity of the patriot fact or the security page that is the constitution of the united states? >> rabil do bowfin always put the constitution on top of anything congress passes. >> you promised to tell the truth of vulture is nothing but the tree is? >> i do. >> pc did -- b.c. did. >> i am just o

laugh become radicalized then they have ability to get back in the united states or great britain or canada. give you an example, you had individual, an american who went to serious radicalized was trained as suicide bomber came home toe see his parents then went back to syria blew himself up and killed other people we didn't pick up the visit to his parents. that individual was trained could have tea tacked the united states. that's a concern to me. brett let me say this from american point of view. as of today we don't have intelligence that says, that there's going to be an attack tomorrow. now that can change the next day. and that's why we're so vigilant. that's why what happened with snowden and these situations, we need to make sure we get the intelligence -- >> schieffer: let me ask you this. can you under any circumstances envision the united states sending ground combat troops back in? >> absolutely not. that's not where we need to be. we have intelligence per speck from ability to use our resources take out groups like isis. it's got to be well planned get information. we don't n

growth, they are going to buy that power and by those technologies either from the united states or canada>> there is a lot of criticism of this. the chairman of the house services committee, the texas republican jeb hensarling says the bank riggs the playing field in favor of a few powerful fortune 500 corporations. aren't most of america's imports funded without assistance run the bank? lacks many of them are but one of the ideologies out there is it only helps the big guys. 98 percent of them is what we define as small to medium-size businesses, many of them deploying and using export import bank as well. it's nothing more than a credit i nantz agency that guarantees and helps us in a situation where another countries government may have the scale. on >> almost half of the bank's total financial exposure is for jetliners made by boeing according to the accountability office. do you find it troubling when company has that much sway over the bank? >> when you are selling something at $4 billion to five lien dollars a copy, they're going to take a big you're part of that portfolio. congres

there are 12 of them fighting, they are coming through mexico or canada. >> the capability is far betterit was september 11th. but the problem is you are not going to get every one. you are going to get back here and they are going to communicate with these people through twitter, through facebook, through social media and something is going to happen. everybody is going to stand around and say why weren't our schools protected, why wasn't the water supply the power grid protected. >> i remember calling you on 9-11. i was with the da the police commissioner i remember saying my daughter is at the bent gone. tefz 16 at rye country day. i got to know is she okay? the panic, i think the viewers need to understand this, there has to be a plan where family members where do children go if you can't get in touch with them. people now especially with the beheadings and with what happened you have two there with pressure cookers. >> you are going to see stuff like this happen. they were calling for it in social media. it's going to happen. it's not if. a oo what do you tell people to do? >> as a

or canada. big change from a decade ago when u.s. airlines were looking around the world saying how do we match singapore airlines or an airline like air france which at that time were doing much better. the airlines that are least profitable particularly come from southeast asia and that is because of something you mentioned a minute ago, united trying to better match supply with demand. over there supply is way ahead of demand. malaysia airlines especially because of the incidents that they have had and airlines like pakistan international, least profitable in the world. >> what united is doing and i know delta matching supply with demand seems like perfect sense. i understand that airlines didn't do that historically. why not? >> they always took for granted that low season meant low fares. not as many people want to fly. they sort of turned that on its head and realize low season does mean low demand but you can get the same fares you get during high season but you have to fly a lot less to do it. and so if not as many people want

or canada, listen up, this is not false panic.. >> more than 60 million credit card numbers may have been stolen since april. that's according to "the new york times." compare that to the largest-known attack to date at target. which we talked about it so much last year. that affected some 40 million cardholders that puts it back into perspective. chief business correspondent christine romans is here to speak about it, as well as cybersecurity expert mark rash with everything we know at the moment. i have a lot of questions, i know you get riled up about this, christine. what do we know? >> we know it's a lot of people. we know this has been going on since at least april and it was last week that home depot executives realized it was happening. it was law enforcement and a cybersecurity blogger brian krebs who noticed this information was available. if you went to the spring selling sees ton get seed for your lard you may have been giving your information to hackers around the world. the company is still kd

okay with giving more power but the centralized country with germany or united states or australia or canadand to produce devolution in england will be difficult because there's no easy plan. >> some highly profile campaigners speaking to bbc today bringing up other issues being brought up. more power to westminster. more power in whales and all issues are now coming to the fore. i have to say the focus here today is when are we going to see some more details from westminster on how much more power will be devolved to scottish parliament behind me? that's what they promised in the final weeks of the campaign and scottish people are now looking to see when they will deliver on that promise. >> on a momentous day for scotland and indeed for the whole of the united kingdom, thank you very much for joining us from edinburgh. now, in other news, a 37-year-old man has been charged with deliberately starting a wildfire in northern california which doubled in size overnight. wayne huntsman was arrested for allegedly starting the blaze about 225 kilometers northeast of san francisco. more than 2,000

that her mother's commentary about the social services enjoyed by native americans in changzhou or canada are important ultimately. but that was really tough and i'm not really certain that what i consider to be the truth is the truth. that's a good thing i think but i have to constantly remind myself of that. how do you get to that in your writing? the simplest way is to say well i don't think i do this literally but when i write on the one hand this on the other hand this. it's a question of substance. hopefully in a more artful way that i just quoted. i think a lot of writers, and i envy them, express a certain authority that i don't always trust. i trust the authority of let's say it doctor writing about medicine. i don't necessarily trust the authority of a writer who is spouting off an opinion on something that they thought all of 15 seconds about and i think there's a lot of published stuff that fits into that category and fortunately. now i'm kind of rambling but i hope i answered your question about what motivates me when i'm writing and also when i'm editing people. >> i think w

or canada. obviously that is deliberate as we look at the video. when you see it, what do you hear? >> well this whole video is isis saying the war the americans are fighting against, it will be disastrous for the united states. and by using a fighter with a north american accent, they are really amplifying that point and they are driving it home for a very specific american audience. >> so how are they going to be able to determine. when we saw the executioner in the beheading video, they were able to say this is from british, this is from london or south london, can they do that with this voice, this is someone american or appearing to be american. >> they are will listen to the voice and try to match it up to what they know about the hundred americans they know that have gone to travel to fight in syria with the various jihadist groups. they believe about a dozen or more have joined isis. the canadian will do the same. there are about 30 can addans out there fighting. >> and the video production that isis has been known for and the beheading of the americans, there is no question

>> if you look at a high performing education system in east asian or europe or canada, they spend theirey differently. they prioritize the quality of teaching over things like the size of classes for example. if they have to make a choice, getting a better teacher rather than a smaller class, they go for that. they also are typically better in aligning their resources with the challenges. they are good at attracting the most talented teachers into the most challenging classrooms. they get the best principals. >> and we do not do that? >> no, exactly. the united states typically has quite a regress sieve spending pattern. basically students in better areas often have the better teachers and resources. the students who need more resources get less offered. the third factor, the united states actually spends a lot of resources on things that do not arrive in the classroom. at the end of the day only what happens in the classroom can have an effect on learning outcomes. so most high performing education systems typically spend a smaller share of resources for things other than teaching. who

or canada from april onwards could be impacted of the company says people should check their accountso make sure all the charges are legitimate. if not, contact your bank or credit card company. again as we've been telling you, now home depot confirming its payment systems were hacked for better part of this year. we'll continue to follow the story and give you details as they break. >>> now for something a little fun. when you're in a car dealership, do you know what is going through the mind of the fellow selling you car? you always want to know, right? he is here to tell us what happens. he was behind the scenes and posed as a salesman. what got into you? >> well, you know, i have a both a cousin and good friend who are car salesmen. and i guess i have always had a personal fascination with this, thought maybe i could one up them. gerri: you thought you could one-up them. you chose another profession that nobody likes. take a look at this "gallup poll." this is professions honesty and ethical standards. this is what americans said? nurses 82%. great school teachers, 70. on it goes,

increase medians -- i have seen for that and it is not as if everybody is going to go to mexico or canada right away. the real problems are the acquisition of corporate profits and it was the same with the income tax, you could not do anything. then things happened. sometimes things happen so i am not terribly impressed with what will not happen. the tax system will adapt. it may take time but it is the best way to try to make it happen one day. >> how does that bill sounds? >> i am in. [applause] >> in on the notions that we have to rewrite our tax code. part of what you are talking about, estate taxes, it is the fundamental question in this country. which do we think deserves rewards? isn't those who work hard, who smart and get out and makes and happen, or those who were born into the right families and are protected by a tax code that generation after generation don't even have to work, they get out there and live off of what happened degeneration or tweak the generations before, three generations before. we have prided ourselves as a country being built by a country of people who get

only about 13%, most of that goes to either mexico, china, or canada.ut, keep in mind, when we talk about the futures markets, there is speculating what is going to happen. gerri: right. >> for example, a lot of the food and a lot of milk used in processing today, they already have the contracts going back a year, two years, three years. so it is really projecting what the price of pizza is going to be like in a year, two years, or three years and that is what is driving it up. gerri: that is not good news. if that is where they see prices going. i want to share with viewers, a picture from dylan, who showed us his fridge. i asked people to tweet us some pictures. dylan tweet ad picture of his coconut milk and his booze, crown royal in his refrigerator. of the tell me what are the substitutes that are gaining a lot of ground and really selling? >> well, the fastest growing is actually almond milk. soy used to be but soy sales declined. whole bunch of reasons for that. some have to do with allergies. some to do with scientific reports but almond milk is

would essentially dismantle the state and that would have little or no military, shrink the 475%, rely on the fact that the chinese like canada so bleak and conquest anymore, and give everybody else in the world. none of it makes any sense. how accurate do you think this is a description of human nature or the actual world we live in today? >> it clearly is not the world that anybody with a good sense of reality lives in today. and, in fact, when you look at the influence that america has had in the world, especially since world war ii, the positive influence of the military working in korea, working in japan, working throughout europe has been actually good on rebuilding those nations and, in fact, rebounding that benefit back to us. .. >> is a great example of what amera can do that's good for the world using all of its instruments of american foreign policy. [applause] >> now, the $200 billion deficits that reagan ran up in the 1980s were the product of, a, tax cuts but, b, a strong increase in military spending that seems to have contributed to the end of the cold war. was that a worthwhile investment, and is the world be

or in canada. should we adopt taxes, or rely heavily on a treasury note, to kind of interest-bearing paper money, and national loans. and the madison administration was really unable to overcome some of these differences. i do not consider president james madison a very strong war leader. i think he was probably one of the weakest we've ever had. the upside of that was, he didn't encroach on the civil liberties. didn't use the hammer on them. there are actually republicans, including the attorney general, who said we need a sadition act. it worked for the federalists in 1798, why don't we try one now. madison would not consider that. that was the upside of his sort of mild presidential leadership during the war. the down side was, he simply wasn't able to forge a majority in favor of his preferred means of prosecuting this war. and time and time again, he made recommendations to congress, which congress did not accept. a federalist would combine with distant republicans particularly in the u.s. sena

they remain divided on how -- should we concentrate on fighting the war on the high seas, or in canada. should we adopt taxes or rely heavily on treasury notes. and national loans? madison administration was really unable to overcome some of these -- i do not consider sxrams madison a strong war leader. the up side is he didn't encroach on the civil liberties, didn't use the hammer on them. there are actually republicans, including the attorney general who said we need a sedition act. it worked for the federalists in 1798. madison would not consider that. that was the up side his sort of mild presidential leadership during the war. the down side is he simply wasn't able to force a majority in favor of his preferred means of prosecuting this war. time and time again he made recommendations to congress, which congress did not accept. a federalist could combine with disi dent republicans to vote down policies that they considered ill-advised. madison also tolerated dissent in his cabinet, disloyalty, dissent, back-biting, a lot of internal dissension there madison sort of ignored it. so f

commander starts to create some sort of cell to recruit foreigners from europe or the united states or canada do we still have the will and capability and intelligence to locate that person or group of people and put lead on the target? tonight it's interesting. it is not the definitive night in this campaign. the definitive night is six months down the road when this is page a-17 in the paper and american security officials are still committed to this with intelligence and military diplomacy and the political will to continue to fight. tonight is just a start. >> one of the things we have to look at too is isis has the ability to just fade away back into the communities. and what we want to do now, and i'm sure general lofton and everyone at centcom and throughout the whole region are saying now how do we keep isis there? because we want to fight them there. on their field. so they don't slip back away. >> let's talk about some of those targets because we heard from our reporters they're hitting training grounds. they're hitting buildings, weapons depots. where the leaders meet. how do we kn

bermuda or atlantic, canada, certainly not the eastern coast of the us. certainly good news, your pollen report also some pretty good news, all things considered, despite some clear skies, generally, for the next couple every days, and ragweed, grasses, chenopod, the predominant pollen. at worse, low medium, right on the border line. so we walk you through today very quickly, few showers, few little pockets of these bursts of rain, just enough, that if you have to wait for bus or train, you may want to think about the umbrella but it is all out of here by lunchtime, and the second half of the day looks lovely, so you will be able to put the umbrella in the locker, sure to take it home with you. we expect more sunshine friday morning specially right now looks very cool, but again, overall this pattern is very pleasant in general. torrey? >> thank you, katie. also cents very pleasant on the roads. let's get you outside to very scenic view of the talcony palmyra bridge. you know it is really difficult to see, really dark outside. but if you are traveling the

and if it is reexported to canada or mexico or another and do it altogether and we are trying to leverage the foreign trade zone as another asset and try to crop up and enhance the business as well. >> great. >> that with wonderful. >> and i also want to thank them for the industrial uses and just (inaudible) the nature of some of the work that they are doing out there, i think that as commissioner brandon pointed out for too long, much of that area has had uses that have increased here and contamination in the area and i appreciate that we are looking at ways, of you know, reversing that and being more environmentally sound in terms of repurposing the materials and recycling, and you know, i applaud those efforts and just want to highlight that and want to make sure that we do keep that in mind so we look for going up there and i know that there say lot of effort and we try to send out the work for the tesla for the needs for example, it is the electric vehicles and there are other electric vehicles and manufacturers in the area and that want to do more out reach on that front. since we

here on the lake, commerce had been disrupted, nothing was going up and down the lake to benefit canada or anywhere else and the people here who lived on the lake had created a new industry because of the embargoes that had been put in place. this now was the smuggler's haven. they knew they had to take lake champaign, but they had no ships, the lake does end in canada and up there on the river, they built a boat yard. and that boat yard then created a largest ship that has ever been on lake champaign. she was called the confiance. they converted them to british use and they had built one other. but now they needed the confiance because it would be stronger than the entire american fleet on the lake. there was an american fleet here and it was demanded by lieutenant then master commander, then commodore thomas mcdonough. he had to built his fleet here as well. they put together the americans. the american navy would then try to control the lake and keep the british north. that meant that there was a clash coming. they are really sitting ducks, just waiting for the british to come. they wan

if you're from mexico or canada your hearing happens in 24 hours.tion of mexico to tighten their own border security. and eliminate free train rides across mexico. what can you do? support, support, pray. changing the 2008 law. pray for us as we stand up for the life of every texan and every american. pray for our law enforcement. they're in a dangerous position. pray for our law enforcement and the national guard as we try and do our part to protect america's border. and pray we elect a good, onservative president in 2016. who is a leader and will do the right thing for america. you know, i've told tourists many times that texas doesn't really exist. it's more of a way of thinking. now, if you saw the movie "america" which i recommend --. [ applause] nd i normally don't quote rock or lead singers but if you saw bono in the movie you know what he said? he said, it's always been a right/wrong issue and america's always been on the side of right. amen. he said give us liberty and justice and we'll handle it from here. just get government out of the wa

nothing was going up and down the lake to benefit canada or anywhere else. and the people who lived on the lake had created a new industry because of the embargo that have been put in place. this was a smugglers haven. to controlitish knew the waterways, they had to take lake champlain but they have no ships. but the lake does end in canada. up there, they built a boat yard. that boat yard then created the largest ship that has ever been on lake champlain. she was a forget. -- a frigate. she was called "the confiance." they had captured two american vessels two years earlier and converted them to british use. they had built one other, a smaller one. but now they needed the confianc e. because it would be stronger than the entire american fleet on the lake. now, there was an american fleet here. it was commanded by lieutenant, then master commander, then, nor commodore. in vermont, they put together the american. the american navy would try to control the lake and keep the steven sotloff north -- the steven sotloff north -- the british north. finally, the nav

or other governments, canada, can put all the resources in and it will not change things unless the country makes it. >> are the most successful countries public, private led for government led. >> it's a come bination. you have to have the government at the table. private enterprise is bringing the scale, the ability to deliver scale. if you are a pharmaceutical company, you have the scale. you know how to do the distribution, the training, all of those things at a high level. what companies can bring is a lot to help with the scale. if you don't have the government, and organizations at the community level, it is not going to happen. >> i ask you this, because you didn't start in the world of n.g.o.s and these organizations, you had a successful life in the private world. you had coffee shops. >> yes. >> tell me about it. >> i started with american express. when i lived in asia, we started a chain of coffee shops, which is still this, pacific coffee company. great coffee, by the way. that opportunity to start something from the beginning in an enpre preppurial way, before starbucks came t

nothing was going up and down the lake to benefit canada or anywhere else. and the people here who lived on the lake had created a new ndustry because of the embargoes that had been put in place. this now was a smuggler's haich. now the british knew to control had to take , they lake champlain. but they had no ships. but the lake does end in cap da. there on the richilu yard., they built a boat that boat yard then created the largest ship that has ever been champlain. she was a friggot. she was called the compliance or confiance. it's true they captured two american vessels two years the war and converted it to british use. a smaller one other, one, a sloop called the linnet. they needed the confiance would be stronger than any other fleet on the lake. there was an american fleet here. commanded by lieutenant then plaster commander then thomas mcdonough. e had to build his fleet here on the lake as well. in otter creek in vermont, they together the americans. the american navy, then, would and keepntrol the lake the british north, admit there's coming. you k

they remain divided on how -- should we concentrate on fighting the war on the high seas, or in canada. should we adopt taxes or rely heavily on treasury notes. and national loans? madison administration was really unable to overcome some of these -- i do not consider sxrams madison a strong war leader. the up side is he didn't encroach on the civil liberties, didn't use the hammer on them. there are actually republicans, including the attorney general who said we need a sedition act. it worked for the federalists in 1798. madison would not consider that. that was the up side his sort of mild presidential leadership during the war. the down side is he simply wasn't able to force a majority in favor of his preferred means of prosecuting this war. time and time again he made recommendations to congress, which congress did not accept. a federalist could combine with disi dent republicans to vote down policies that they considered ill-advised. madison also tolerated dissent in his cabinet, disloyalty, dissent, back-biting, a lot of internal dissension there madison sort of ignored it. so f

canada has access to nor ad, i which is in boulder, colorado. >> that's right. and there hasn't been a clear orresent danger either against canada, although i would argue that russia is going to start to play games in the arctic. but now we have a clear and present danger. we have a country that has bee inride -- envieded by russia. after a treaty that was signed called the budapest memorandum. they are completely not enforcing that. we saw russia give the missiles that shot down a commercial jet liner to terrify everybody. he is double talking all the time. and putin is making it very clear that he is inquisitive and he is not ending it. as the summit opened he chose to go to mongolia, another unprotected possible future ukraine situation to make a statement. he is not stopping and he won't stop and so nato has got have a force ready and got to get directly. >> and they are going to be speaking about a strike force they can get together, but you would think this was their focus today, but they have actually got to think about islamic state because that northern part of iraq and syria boarders

. >> if you are from mexico or canada your hearing is in 24 hours. we need the nation of mexico to tighten their border security and eliminate free train rides across mexico. what can you do? support. support, pray, change in the 2008 law. pray for us as we stand up for the life of every texan and every american. pray for our law enforcement. they are in a dangerous position. pray for our law enforcement as we try to do our part to protect america's border. pray we elect a good conservative president in 201 who is a leader and will do the right thing for america. you know, i told tourists many times that texas doesn't really exist. it is more of a way of thinking. if you saw the movie america which i recommend and i normally don't quote rocker elite singers but if you saw bono in the movie you know what he said? he said it has always been a right/wrong issue and america has always been on the side of right. amen. he said give us liberty, dignity and justice and we will handle it from here and get government out of the way. i like that. let me end by

and america's policy which is very different from the policy of canada or australia has been one that increases the number of poor people inside the country and makes so many social problems from education to preparing to pay future pension benefits that much more difficult. and that's one of the, i think the republicans are right to push back on president obama. what they're wrong to do is to do it in a way that makes people feel disvalued or underappreciated. that there's a case for caution on immigration. and it is to say, you know, this is a country where upward mobility is getting harder and you do not want to emit people from the bottom of the skill ladder, you want to emit people of the skill ladder. >> who are already here, what do we do about that? >> my views are quite different than most republicans. my answer would be, if you're asking, that we should have much stricter enforcement on employers of who they employ. that there's no, there's no real, there's no obligation. if you are an employer, you hire illegal labor, the government has to prove that you knew. the fact that

tablet had an impact on the decision for the canada campaign andzcacc was th purpose the eradicate the british in north america, gain more land for the united states or both and if the canada campaign hadn't occurred what then would be the bladensburg battle or war of 1812? >> we can keep our answers short we'll try to get as many questions oppose. >> the main point is that this was the only way that the americans could really fight the british. the u.s. navy was pretty minisk krmc miniskcule at this point. that's why the secretary of army armstrong sent the best american troops up to canada. i personally feel manifest destiny shows that if the americans captured canada they would have kept inby but don hickey who is probably the top war of 1812 historian believes that they would only have kept it as a bargaining table to get concessions from the british. so that's a matter of debate. >> but i think it was madison's intent to get bargaining chip, so to speak, but there were many others like henry clay, theqnk hawk from kentucky who certainly was interested in keeping that territory.gÊy one of those things that they assumed would be a quick conqueror

madison, he wasn't going to get canada or cuba.e had to settle for baton rouge where i happen to live right now so it's a good thing.th this -is- baton rouge if you dot know came into the united state because it was based on the fail buster undertaken by virginians as opposed to the new yorker air inn aaron burr and his attempt to establish the republic of 1810. the lone star flag of the west florida republic later morphed into the better known texas an flag.adiso madison was completely onboard with this. he wasn't opposed to it.t. he was like we'll take advantage of this. now while historyor has priviled the role of the younger war st haur hawks in congress.fia, they are part of one story. madison's long time secretary of the treasury, wrote the ollowi following on the eve of madison's assumption of the presidency. mr. mad madison is as i always e him slow when taking his ground but firm when the storm arises. >> in his first inaugural address, march 1809, madison made sure everyone knew that he considered his election to have com

i think a lot of americans would understand, we would not want mexico or canada to fall in the sphere of influence of russia. we would find that offensive and we would fight that dramatically. so, does that to some degree give vladimir putin some justification for what he's doing here? >> well, we may not agree with his justification, but it's certainly his justification. the united states had a doctrine during the khrushchev times and even before. the cuban missile crisis happened. the rockets were sent to cuba and the united states said, no, no, no, our sphere of influence. so what putin's doing is saying this is my doctrine and you're interfering with it. you are doing all the things -- you are not giving me, by the way, any leverage. i want to solve it politically, but you're pushing me. he really thinks he's being pushed militarily. he promised to the ukrainian president that it's not going to be solved militarily, and then we're surprised that he's opening new fronts. he's really making it impossible. it's only a political solution, and at least east part of ukraine would remain

do we know why through the ruler on the top backs in canada or in the u.s. [inaudible] >> one thing i think about the metric system is that it has a name and customary measures is the first time i've ever heard a name. if you are getting drunker than you think it is because it is about ten to 15% more than you would have. >> why is alcohol and metrics quick the metric system got further in the 70s the winegrowers wanted to export more. at that time the industry was purely serving the u.s. so they want to embrace standards, so they pushed for booze to go attract. it is a big thing people hadn't used the big plastic bottles. one thing that is interesting but i may be the only person that does this when you go to the supermarket and you are looking at what people are selling you have cheap soda that has fructose corn syrup that is in the 2-liter bothers to be two bottles and it comes in the customary measures and fluid ounces. the opposite is true. it comes from europe and so almost all of that stuff is in poland spring now. it was a weather satellite that went

. >> in 2008, according to new york state data, 100% of canada's third graders scored at or above grade> narrowly outperforming their white peers in the city's public schools. >> 96. is that the answer? >> [together] yes. >> even more impressive, canada's impact on middle schoolers, kids who enrolled in the promise academy in the sixth grade. they started out far behind grade level, but dr. fryer found that within three years, they had virtually eliminated the achievement gap in math and reduced it by nearly half in reading. >> these are kids that a lot of people had given up on. and he showed that it's never too late. >> does it change the way you look at the problem? >> it does, because here's an analogy. we're ten touchdowns down in the fourth quarter. we kick a field goal, and everyone celebrates, right? that's kind of useless. we're still 67 points down. >> you're still losing. >> we're not just losing. we're getting crushed. all right? what geoff canada has shown is that we can actually win the game. >> geoffrey canada may be winning, but he is nowhere near declaring victory. >> r

canada weigh? >> blaf laugh. >> so and we're talking all the way down to the core or just-- . >> stephen: just the canada part. >> just the surface part. >> stephen: inhabitable mantle. >> if you take a slice that's the whole thing, it would be something like 10 to the 23rd kilogram. the whole rert is something to the 24th. >> stephen: i was very close. i had 10 to 292nd. >> yeah, but-- . >> stephen: right there, okay. >> but. >> stephen: all right, that's good enough. i know you don't mean to educate us. but could you incidentally through humor and through your drawing, could you incidentally educate like quides about science and math? >> yeah, well that's actually how i got started doing this was i taught a class at mit for a weekend and they have a program where you can come in and teach a bunch of high-school students on any subject you're interested in. there's no like checking credentials or anything. and so -- . >> stephen: really, and they just trust high school aged children with men who come in with no credentials. >> yeah, i had a couple friends teaching class, one doing operating system design, ano