talked about jazz as a site for this protest music and charles mingus is denouncing governor orville faubusk, you know, well, this could have been a genre of songs condemning segregationist governors of the period. you know, you had george wallace of alabama, ross barnett of mississippi, you had lester maddox of georgia, but this is really occasioned by the little rock crisis, and let's let the music speak for itself. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> okay. we have to move rapidly through these clips. we can't really play the songs in their entirety, unfortunately, but i'm hoping that you can go and find some of these on the itunes you page for i guess the benefit of the students. i don't know if there's going to be broader access to that, but -- but in any case. the real ambassadors was a musical review that was written by dave brubeck, a very prominent jazz band leader and pianist and his wife, and it's based on louis armstrong's experience as a cultural ambassador for the state department, and this was a collaboration of many musicians, including the vocal trio which was very hot, as you can see, the host

so did most people in little rock, and the night before school was to open, the good governor orville faubus comes on television and says that he's calling out the national guard to keep us out of school. and i'm thinking oh, my goodness, you know, i'm a senior. i want to graduate, and i'm walking into this huge unknown. and that first day the pictures on the brochure of elizabeth and the mob behind her, it dawned on me that maybe this was something other than my going to school, that there's some other issues going on here, and that i said i wanted to be a part of the change in the south. well, my moment came. and for three weeks, in fact, most people didn't think eisenhower was going to step forward and do anything. i don't think up until the last month we were talking earlier, i had an opportunity to sit with herbert brownell back in the '80s, we were at the eisenhower -- eisenhower library. and i said, you know, eisenhower really didn't need to send 1,000 paratroopers with the 101st airborne. he could have sent 50, 100 or 200, that they would have done the job, but he said that eisenhowe