as well that we need to use multiple forms of assess fire department we're going to do that, not overtesting, by the way. i'm not advocating for that. but let's look at the school holistically in terms of what we're doing. >> i'm sorry. everybody -- okay. might as well just continue on down the line. i assume all of the ones are up to respond to what senator paul said? >> absolutely. >> let me say, senator paul. >> since we're there, let's just go this way. >> thank you, sir. let me respond, senator paul, if i might to your opening observation that this discussion we're having today involves primarily a philosophical difference about whether the states are the best laboratories for establishing significant reforms for education. and whether the federal government may in fact have a role to play. i don't think anyone is advocating the nationalization of public education. the supreme court, as you know, has already addressed that issue in san antonio versus rodriguez, 1974 case which has acknowledged that public education is not a fundamental right under the constitution. but that same supreme