substances are also known as forever chemicals, as their composition makes i've come to oxford brookes universitysts hoping to solve this problem... they've developed a new machine called a hydrodynamic reactor that uses bubbles which form and collapse due to some of the most difficult chemicals to remove are toxic per— and polyfluoroalkyl substances, better known as pfas. pfas can be found in a variety of everyday products, from food packaging to shampoo, due to their nonstick, stain resistant and waterproof properties. that nonstick pan you have in your kitchen cupboard probably has pfas in it. these synthetic pfas substances are also known them extremely difficult to break down and destroy i've come to oxford brookes university to meet the scientists hoping to solve this problem... ..with bubbles. changes in pressure — a process called cavitation — that helps to clean the water. these bubbles are not like the air bubbles or the temperature bubbles, the boiling bubbles that we see in boiling water, let's say, when you increase the temperature. these bubbles are formed due to pressure fluctuatio