counterattack of the pacific war. it was carried very quickly in response to the opportunity that happened after midway. as a result, it was not particularly well supported or supplied. it was painfully planned. they found themselves relying on captured japanese stores of rice and fish because their own supply lines had been disrupted and our own supplies were late in coming. we see a hasty counterattack in august of 1942 that turned into a long, protected battle. one of the finest hours in the history of the marine corps. the u.s. record had its share fine hours, but this was a much tougher fight than anyone anticipated. there's a lot of things happening. there is a forbidding environment. we have one of the most fascinating display cases of the entire museum. the artifacts near are worth it, -- were in possession of a japanese officer who raised his sword and whacked him on the helmet. it still has the crease in it from where it was struck, with the japanese officer's sword. he passed out, but he shot the japanese o

counter attack of the pacific war. it was carried out very quickly in response to the opportunity back in midway. as a result it wasn't particularly well supported, well supplied. it was hastily planned. our marines landed and very soon found themselves relying on captured japanese stores of rice and dried fish in order to survive on the island because our own supply lines had been disrupted and our own supplies were late in coming. what ozseen as kind of a hasty counter attack in august 1942 turned into a long protracted battle far bloodier i think than anyone could have possibly imagined. it's one of the finest hours in the history of the marine corps. this was a much tougher fight than anyone anticipated. we tried to show that in the way we line up this gallery. there's a lot of things happening. there's a kind of forbidding environment. it's as if you stepped off the earth and gone to the moon or a completely different space. we have here one of the most fascinating display cases i think of the entire museum. most

counter attack of the pacific war. it was carried out very quickly in response to the opportunity that beckoned after midway. it wasn't particularly well supplied and hastily planned. very soon they found themselves relying on stores of rice and dried fish to survive on the islands because our own supplies were late in coming. what was seen as a hasty counter attack in august of 1942 current into a long, protracted battle that was far bloodier than anyone could have imagined. it was one of the finest hours in the u.s. marine corps. but this is a much tougher fight than anyone anticipated. we tried to show that in the way we line up this gallery. there's a lot of things happening. there's a forbidding environment. it's as if you stepped off planet earth and gone to a different space and that's how many u.s. marines felt while they were fighting there. we have one of the most fascinating display cases i think at the entire museum. most of the artifacts here were in the possession of first lieutenant walter s. mchenry. he

>> guest: the pacific command, indo pacific command reflecting how important, india and - a lot of common interests and as a result there are opportunities for that relationship and partnership, those discussions are possible in the future. >> host: what are the priorities you heard with regard to their ground forces and cooperation with the army. india and pakistan dynamic and it is very important to that. are they still focused on ground forces? >> guest: i had to talk to the ground forces as we talk to the indian chief of staff of the army, certainly focused on ground forces, we are looking for common interests and improving relationships. >> host: you mess with your counterparts in a couple other countries in southeast asia. speak about what you heard in the midst of covid-19 and in the midst of this, between the united states and china. >> many countries are concerned about covid-19. even in my travel i was tested many times on national television, and thailand's to make sure as we move through the region covid-19 is not spreading. all the countries were concerned about that. working

we used to be pacific command. now it's indo-pacific command reflecting how important they are. india and us have a lot of common interests. as a result, i think that's runlt -- there's opportunities for a relationship. and those discussions are possible in the future. >> yeah. what are the priorities that you heard from the indians, again, with regard to their ground forces or cooperation with the army? because historically they've been focused on the india/pakistan dynamic and ground force capabilities were important to that. are they still focussed on their ground forces? >> i tend to talk to the ground forces. as we talk to the indian chief of staff, the army, he's focused on the ground forces. as we have discussions, we're looking for common interests and how we can improve relationships. >> yeah. let's talk about the trip you just came from. you met with your counterparts in a couple of other countries in southeast asia. can you speak a little bit about what you heard in the midst of covid and in the midst oh of this competition between the united states and china? >> yeah

particularly in our shared indo pacific region? today the indo pacific is the epicenter of a strategic competition. tensions over territorial claims are growing. the growth of military modernization is unprecedented. democratic nations face new threats and foreign interference. cyber attacks are increasing. misinformation is used to manipulate free societies. the rules that allowed us to for newhave a vault challenges. it is fair to say that in 2020, international society is under strain. the action of some has been to fret about the weakening of rules based international order. fair enough. we want to see international framed by agreed rules and norms , not crude, economic or the configuration of powers is going to change. we have to deal with the world as it is, not as we are likely to be. we need to tend to the garden. there needs to be a strategic balance in the pacific. i assure you that australia is acting to shape that tomorrow right now. that came from someone not usually cited in foreign policy analysis. been impressed by

let's go to the indo-pacific. the trump administration has certainly emphasized the importance, economically, militarily, politically, of the indo-pacific. you have the quadrilateral security dialogue with japan, australia, india, and the united states. can you talk a bit about how you see alliances and allies playing an important role in that arena? we were discussing china earlier. so share with us what the , importance of this issue has been for the administration. mr. o'brien: paula, as you know, i grew up in california so i consider the usa pacific -- -- no knock on the atlantic council, but i consider the united states a pacific power. a lot of our glorious naval and military history place in the pacific, predating world war ii by far. i think we have a window on the pacific that provides us with tremendous opportunities. let me start on the economic front. i went to represent the president at the east asian summit, the asean-u.s. summit last fall. there was a lot of talk about how much investment china was

they began preparing for an offensive in the pacific.kind of positive, top-level determination the free world had long awaited. there was swift response on all fighting fronts. tripoli fell to the british 8th army. in bitter fighting, nazi tanked hurled back allied forces to the nigerian border. but then combined american, british and french units stopped the drive and overran tunisia. in the pacific, fighting an entirely different kind of warfare, united states troops overcame the last japanese resistance and won complete control of the island and its airfield. in the battle of the bismarck sea, bombers tank destroyers of a japanese convoy of 16 ships. >> 181 days after the allied landings in north africa, the cities fell before the drive of american, british and french forces. ♪ >> the drive reached its full fury with lightning speed on the air and the ground. the enemy was hit harder and harder, crushed in a vice from which there was no escape. >> in five days, all german resistance in tunisia collapsed. the axis forces surrendered. t

now across the indo pacific.our viewers were going to do now is were going to facilitate discussion led by doctor schiavo so we can draw some of his insights from these superb essays in the book. that facilitates discussion along with congressman gallagher will go on until about 40 feminists past the hour. in the meantime please send me your questions i will be reading them is that discussion is going to synthesize those as best i can in the final 15 i will post to doctor oz on some of your questions from our viewers. so without further delay, thanks again congress and gallagher for this great introductory remarks for it i will talk it over to the doctor. civic thanks so much. it is a pleasure to be here this afternoon. and it is great to be back with old friends. i thought it would start because i think that congressman gallagher needs to depart a little bit earlier. so michael a few don't mind a think i will direct a couple questions to him and then we will turn to michael. i do want to say however, mike, you h

and pacific and grafton, along with me, can kiss that revenue goodbye. i'm not going to make sam do business with one of my companies just because i own it. it's got to be good enough to win the business. ana: so this is my interpretation of simple greek. i kind of started the process with what reminds me of greece or greek restaurant. so i just went through so many inspiration images that kind of inspired me to design the furniture. and i really call these "mood boards." i feel like this puts you in the mood like, when you walk into a space, what's the mood? the table, what i designed was in a powder coated metal, and again, bringing in those colors, the blue, the green, and it has a bar top finish. lemonis: and that's cool, that's different. ana: and then for the chair, i wanted to bring in the logo of the simple greek and then the texture pattern fabric on the seat, and it's all laser-cut, and then finished in a green powder coat to have that olive color. and then for the bar stool, i decided to kind of powder coat it in the blue, just to be able to h

pacific time and 11:30 p.m. gmt, 22nd to further increase the opening rate between crew dragon and the international space station. >> that view, what we previously had, you can see it on the right-hand screen of bob's display, a relative navigation center providing an infrared view from the forward hatch of dragon looking back toward the forward module of the international space station. that's where dragon has been the last 63 days. in less than a minute is departure burn number one. that is about five minutes from separation. this will increase the opening rate. between the space station and dragon. >> separation occurred on time today, as with everything else, occurring on schedule, sending bob and doug back toward earth and home. >> very exciting moment. we should hear a call at for departure burn number one. departure burn number one is short, only about 21 seconds. it will get us on our way up out of the way through the keep out sphere and through the approach ellipsoid. the keep out sphere about 200 mete

particularly in our shared indo pacific region?oday the indo pacific is the epicenter of competition. tensions over territorial his ground. the growth of military modernization is unprecedented. democratic nations face new threats and foreign interference. cyber attacks are increasing. misinformation is used to manipulate societies. they have now evolved to make new challenges. an economic: version is a tool -- and economic coercion is a tool. our international society is under strain. been a weakening of rules base and international order. we want to see international engagement. not crude, economic or political. but we have been longing for the past of strategy. the configuration of power in global politics has changed. we have to deal with the world as it is, not as we'd like it to be. the rules which would be known as the american century. the jungle is growing back as has been observed and we need to tend to this. our priority is to build a strategy in the pacific. nations to actd more consistently to a line. isssure you that

in cairo, talks centered on the european operations for the war in the pacific.uring the war they met with martial stalin, dictator of soviet russia. the allied leaders failed to agree on everything but one thing they did agree on was that than a vision of normandy and southern france must and would take plants during the following summer of 1944. for some time, there had been doubt as to who would command and over see the invasion of. normally roosevelt on route home from two iran stopped home from to see generalize and howard's tell him that he was to command overlord. the grand plan for europe was now completed. but so far as the allies in italy were now concerned, france and a cross channel invasion were a long way off. it was to be a tragically long winter of hard fighting in italy. there was the battle for monte casino. to bypass them out just rain holding up our advance in northern italy, our forces made an amphibious landings 35 miles south of. rome air force stalled breakup from the beaches. monte cassino finally, we blasted our way out of the pocket. we

pacific time. once in the vehicle, they will don their spacesuits, worn during all dynamics phases of the flight. all of the checks will be -- will occur before they strap in for undocking. once the hatch is close, chris will city -- cassidy create a space between the station known as a vestibule. he then has another hatch to close. after all of the hatches are closed, about 15 minutes later, a ground command be sent to open the valves on the dragon side and begin depressurization, essentially venting air. psi tove to pause at 5 allow the temperature in the vestibule to stabilize before they continue depressurization. theyp.m. central time, conduct go/no go here in houston and if all is go, the undocking begins. there will be a few minutes for the umbilical to detach. 12 hooks will detach and then the dragon thrusters will initiate and undocking will be complete. that separation is scheduled for 4:34 p.m. pacific time. there are four departure burns. immediately after those two burns, they have the

particularly in our shared indo-pacific region. today the indo-pacific is the epicenter of the strategic competition. tensions over territorial claims, unprecedented. democratic nations fight new threats. cyber attacks in are increasing in frequency and sophistication. and the trade rules that allowed us to prosper if now evolved to meet new challenges, and economic coercion is increasingly employed as a tool much state craft. it's fair to say that in 2020 our international society is under strike. the reaction of some is to fret by the rules of international order. fair enough. we want to see international engagement framed by great rules, and not crude economic or political coercion, but nor do we think long in the past to announce for a strategy. the configuration of power in global politics has changed and we have to deal with the world as it is, not as we'd like it to be. the liberal rules and norms of what has been known as the american century are under assault. the jungle is growing back, as robert kagan observed and we nee

, knight -- western pacific, 1944-1955." the lines the same as they were last hour, mountain and pacific, (202)-748-8001. easton, (202)-748-8000. for those who are world war ii veterans or family, (202)-748-8002. and our line for japanese-americans, (202)-748-8003. ian toll, one of the questions that came up a couple of times last hour is why didn't the u.s. do some sort of demonstration of the bomb to show the japanese its power instead of actually using it on a city? mean, i think that is a hard question. view, the really hard questions when it comes to the atomic bomb is not so much should we have used the bomb or not, given the circumstances in the summer of 1945, the urgent need to end the war quickly without invasion, and in those circumstances, using the bomb i think was defensible. dropping it on a city is a different question, and i think i am in the minority among military historians and this is a preference i had, that i would like to see the weapon used against a military target. the questions of demonstrations h

at cairo talks centered on european talks in the pacific.ng the war they met with marshal stalin, dictator of soviet russia. the allied leaders failed to agree on everything but one thing they did agree upon was that the invasion of normandy and southern france must and would take place some time during the following summer of 1944. for some time there had been doubt as to who would command the invasion of normandy. roosevelt on route home from tehran stopped off to see generalizen hower. the grand design for victory in europe was now completed. but so far as the allies in italy were concerned france and the cross channel invasion were a long way off. it was to be a tragically long winter of hard fighting in italy. there was the battle for monticasino. to bypass the mountainous terrain our forces made an amphibious landing only 35 miles south of rome. hea heavy nazi resistance followed the break out from the beaches. finally we blasted our way out of the pockets. the landings convinced hitler we were launching an all-out campaign in italy. h

the atlantic and pacific oceans now are no more than large lakes.e cities are vulnerable for attack. we are a member of a family of freedom-loving nations. if that family is not to be an nie lated, we have the responsibility of maintaining the moral resolve and military strength to protect ourselves and those others with whom we have the common goal of the preservation of liberty and freedom. ♪ ♪ >>> weeknights this month we're featuring american history tv programs as a preview of what's available on c-span3. tonight herbert hoover and fdr, the relation between the kennedy families and roosevelt and jfk's response to the nuclear arms race and civil rights. watch tonight at 8:00 eastern. enjoy american history this week and every weekend on c-span3. >>> the presidents, available in paperback, hard cover and ebook. inspired by conversations with noted historians about the leadership skills that make for a successful presidency. in this election year, as americans decide who should lead our country, this collection offers perspectives into the lives a

pacific time or 12:27 a.m. gmt. that is the time zone the astronauts have been used to living aboard the international space station. now that they have departed, they will begin shifting their time zone back to life on earth and back to that of houston, texas, which is central time. siva: another question about who -- from kevin shannon about who the core is and what their role is in astronaut and vehicle health. the core is a position in hawthorne mission control, very similar to the capcom role at johnson space center. it stands for crew operations responsible engineer, and really they are responsible for understanding all of the procedures the crew run, as well as looking out for the crew and providing them updates on the status of the vehicle. they synthesize information from the other mission controllers as well as think ahead to other things the crew will need to know to conduct their orbit. and transport that information loads.e calcomm on the capcom side, role has traditionally been an astronaut. leah: it w

could the united states have avoided world war ii in the pacific? it's hard to see how that could have happened given the fact the japanese bombed pearl harbor. and many, many people, military personnel and civilians alike are going to pay the price. i think that's what we want people to take away from these exhibits. >> weeknights this month we're featuring american history tv programs as a preview of what's available every weekend on c-span 3. tonight at 8:00 eastern a look at hiroshima, nagasaki and the end of world war ii for the 75th anniversary of hiroshima. we'll show you a documentary examining the atomic bombing of hiroshima, japan, through the story of young survivors. or trying to make sense of the tragedy during the 50th anniversary. enjoy american history tonight and every weekend on c-span 3. >>> world war ii began with the german invasion of poland. by the time the war ended in 1945, more than 60 million people had been killed and dozens of nations were destroyed. the ability to sustain and survive an attack had been put to the test a

from north africa to the pacific where u.s.rines captured the airfield on the island of new georgia. on the same day our troops took boondoggle, soviet forces smashed german defenses in central russia. (noise) ♪ ♪ key military targets and the mainland were being mauled. our grand forces were also hitting the emily with devastating power. the crushing defeat suffered by the access in north africa and patterns advance towards the streets of machinery or psychological poison to a badly shaken fascist regime. -- the once triumphant caesar once look like this at the height of his power but his fascist fought with ancient spears in guns. now look like this. miscellany lettuce people through a nightmare military disaster. is arrogant dictatorship come to an end. we're tribute of justice. the king of italy ordered a new government and conduct secret discussions for surrender. a separate piece by italy was a lasting nazi germany wanted. the claps are mussolini brought a lot of german forces back into italy. -y from fighting ally the naz

navy destroyed four japanese aircraft carriers and ended japan's dominance in the central pacific. this was the first step in a strategy that came to be called island hopping, an island by island advance towards the japanese homeland. in europe the situation also improved. british forces defeated the german, african corp in egypt. an anglo-american invasion force landed to clear the continent of axis forces and german advance was stopped in a series of hard fought battles. in 1943 the tide of the battle continued to turn in the favor of the allies as they gained greater and greater control of the fighting in both europe and pacific. the soviet union turned back the invasion and began driving hitler's armies westward. in july the allies invaded sicily. italy surrendered soon after. the battle of the atlantic, the campaign to end in the north atlantic ocean began to turn in the allies favor as well. they needed to reliminate this threat so they could begin the build up that would be needed for the invasion of northwest europe. the allies wondered when and how a second could be opened

pacific time. shortly after that, a couple of undocking bursts that will separate any friction, any forces that may have statically built up while dragon has been hanging out on station. for 4:34n as planned p.m. pacific time. the command ise sent from the ground to start undocking, hooks have to be retracted. those 12 hooks. the umbilical has been providing power to dragon from the international space station will the attached. they will use though short bursts to begin their journey home. >> a lot of those steps are automated. once we issue the command for undocking configuration operators here in mission control, we will monitor that dragon state transition. dragon has flight computers aboard that are triplicate for redundancy. if one of the flight computers gets out of sync, you have the other two to make a good call. we have ways of resetting them. that's part of the job of the mission controllers, to understand the status of the vehicle. those flight computers will transition the vehicle thro

still farther in the pacific.ive ground air and sea forces for the invasion of normandy. 11 months of bitter fighting in italy in the vast island chain of the pacific. ♪ ♪ >>? ,,, >> thanks for your patience and lock into class. >> watch professors transfer teaching to a virtual setting to engage with their students. >> he did most of the work to change the soviet union but reagan met him halfway, reagan encouraged him, reagan supported him. >> i should just mention, madison originally called it freedom of the use of the press and it doesn't mean freedom to print things and publish things, it is not of freedom how we referred to as institutionally. >> lectures and history on american history tv on c-span3. every saturday at 8 pm eastern. lectures in history is also available as a podcast. find it where you listen to podcasts. one >> week nights this month we are fully treating american history programs at a preview of what's available every weekend on c-span3. tonight, a look at our series on the presidency. first

still farther in the pacific.e could build up and coordinate the massive ground, air, and sea forces for the invasion of normandy. 11 months of bitter fighting in italy and the vast island chain in the pacific. >> have you watched lectures in history lately, every saturday on american history tv on c-span 3, go inside a different college classroom and hear about topics ranging from the american revolution, civil rights and u.s. presidents, to 9/11. >> thanks for your patience and for logging into class. >> with most college campuses closed due to the impact of the coronavirus, watch professors transfer teaching to a virtual setting to engage with their students. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union, but reagan met him halfway, reagan encouraged him, reagan supportd him. >> freedom of the press which we'll get to later, i should mention madison called it freedom of the use of the press and it is freedom to print things and publish things. it is not a freedom for what we now refer institution

mountain and pacific 202-748-8001.orld war ii veterans and their families 202-748-8002. japanese-americans, 202-748-8003 . that line also available for your texts. make sure you tell us where you are texting from. andre at c-span wj facebook.com/c-span for your additional comments. later in the program we will be joined by author ian toll who is just releasing his trilogy on the war in the pacific. we will talk to harry truman's oldest grandson clifton truman daniel. your storiesar bombing iniroshima particular. on june 22 of that year, the marines declared that okinawa was secured after the battle there. successfully.s. tested the atom bomb in the new mexico desert. on july 26, was called the potsdam declaration called for unconditional surrender of japan's armed forces. on august 6, the u.s. dropping the atom bomb on hiroshima. it would be three days later, august 9. bomb would drop on nagasaki. daysoviets the same declared war and invaded manchuria. laterld be six days before emperor hirohito announced that japan wo

action in many of the major battles fought in the pacific.ant role in helping secure victory over japan. unbeknownst to the crew, the cargo contained on the ship, enriched uranium, would bring japan to surrender and save the lives of countless american soldiers. sadly, shortly after making it delivery, the "uss indianapolis" was hit and sunk by a japanese to torpedo. about 300 men were trapped inside the ship and lost their lives when the ship went down. 900 men escaped and went into the water where hundreds died over the next four days before help arrived. of the 1,196 men who served aboard the "uss indianapolis," only 316 survived the sinking. the stories tell a tale of fear and desperation but also heroism and brotherhood. i'm honored to be part of the ceremony awarding the entire crew of the "uss indianapolis" the congressional gold medal and recognizing the sacrifice they made to ensure our freedom. >> hello, hello, hello. i'm extremely pleased to take part in today's ceremony honoring the veterans of the "uss indianapolis" and their fam

and 8001 mountain and pacific. for those of you world war ii veteran families it is 8002 and japanese americans welcome your calls on 202-748-8003. during that trip you spoke to several survivors. i want to play the video shot by your son, am i right, your son shot some of this. >> that was wesley. >> i wan to show conversation, one of the survivors telling his story and then we'll get back to your comments. >> all right. >> translator: i removed the rubble by digging around the area and i managed to remove a fell tree but in the front the concrete foundation of our house was covered with a big pillar and i couldn't go forward and mother was lying face up about a meter away and her eyes were bleeding. since i couldn't make it to her side, i asked her, can you move. and she said no. and unless you can remove this stuff from my shoulder, i can't move. but i couldn't. >> i was a military boy and i knew japan was cornered and going to lose soon. so i was all dreaming every day that i would get on a plane and throw myse

across the enough pacific region. initiative is also the author of another tremendous book, rubbing on here. called the end of the asia century. it's one of the most prolific and analysts on what is going on in the region. and if you haven't already done it, set up a google alert for whatever the essays are published. you will get them right away. his of his hopes of the wonderful podcast city does on the pacific century. and of course the asia pacific region, has so many developments ongoing whether it's from north korea or the latest aggressive actions of the chinese communist party. so we can have really more timely discussion about that vitally important patient. in joining us, to facilitate this discussion is a brilliant scholar and doctor, visiting fellow here at hoover senior fellow at the hudson institute. and as deputy national security adviser for strategy and trump administration, nadia was instrumental in effecting when i think is the most significant shift in american foreign policy since the end of the c

and most of that time in the south pacific. ironically, the shift that he was on that eventually was decommissioned and was used as a ship for testing, the atomic tests that were done. i have a lot of feelings on this from a humanitarian point of view. the japanese empire was really defeated in 1944. it was an island country, as we're all the islands that the u.s. army and marines fought their way up to japan. the fire bombing of the civilians in japan was jest, in my opinion, inhumane. the war was over. they had defeated the country. an invasion was not needed. the bombs were not needed. you have an island nation that lost their navy. they had no air force. the army had been defeated. we could have put it into occupation for years afterwards. i think it set the stage for a future as a young man in the fifties going through grammar school, conducting drills for the atomic bomb and the nuclear agent terror and all the rest of it. we have all had to live with that. i think it was unnecessary and it set the stage for the bad thing

rub begin preparing for major offensive in the pacific.ditional center is a basis to end the war. this was a kind of positive top level of determination the free world had long awaited. our swift response at all fighting fronts. ♪ ♪ aaa fell to the british. tripoli. in bitter fighting, nazi tanks pushback allied forces to the algerian border. but then, combined american and french unit stopped the german italian drive and overran tunisia. ♪ ♪ in the pacific, on bloody guaido canal, fighting an entirely different type of warfare, united states troops overcame alas fanatical japanese resistance and one complete control of the island. in the battle of the bismarck sea, allied bombers sank a transports and fortress destroyers of a japanese convoy of 16 ships. 181 days after the allied landings in north africa, tunis fell before the drive of american, british and french forces. ♪ ♪ the drive reached its full fury with lightning speed. in the air and on the ground. the enemy was hit, harder and harder, there was no escape for the enemy. and five

an event my father witnessed while serving with the british pacific fleet.e advantage point of the 21st—century, it is hard for us to appreciate fully the suffering endured by those who fought or caught up in this theatre of war. during his time as supreme theatre of war. during his time as supreme allied commander southeast asia command, my great—uncle lord mountbatten helped me begin to understand the quite atrocious conditions experienced by our forces throughout southeast asia. but those of us not there at the time really can only begin to understand. lord mountbatten told me about his experiences of that gruelling campaign in which our troops not only faced a determined opponent, but, at the same time, had to contend with an incredibly hostile jungle environment and the ever present scourge jungle environment and the ever present scourge of disease that claimed almost a quarter of a million allied casualties. at this point, we should also reflect on those unfortunate prisoners of war who suffered so dreadfully. over a quarter of all allied prisoners of

but in the pacific a war was still going on.wa was a bloody battleground as our 10th army was finding out. it took is 82 days of continuous fighting to take okinawa. kamikaze attacks on our navy took a heavy toll. but we fought back, never letting up. >>> all the military might of the united states would now be concentrated on the japanese homeland. a tough job lay ahead, a job that would take men and equipment. our entire military strength was now aimed at the one remaining axis partner. our military planners estimated that in an all-out assault on japan itself, our invasion forces would probably suffer 1.5 million casualties. but a new and terrifying force had come into the world, which was to prevent those million and a half casualties -- the atomic bomb. two of these awesome weapons dropped on hiroshima and nagasaki brought japan to her knees. on the 2nd of september, 1945, japanese officials signed the articles of formal surrender on the battleship of "uss missouri" in tokyo bay. the formal surrender by the japanese on the

pacific. is 18:48 universal. we are through the major steps to initiate reentry, the trunk burn hasthe de-orbit begun. we have three and a half minutes remaining. >> on your screen is a shot of mission control at spacex headquarters in california where the dragon operators and mission leaders are monitoring dragon's progress. they continue to watch the propulsion data, making sure everything is looking healthy and nominal. >> we are just about two minutes and 30 seconds until the end of burn. we will listen to the call up to the crew on the performance of the burn and they will move into the next step. we get a three minute breather before the next milestone comes up when we get ready to close the nosecone protecting the docking ring, navigation sensors, and these four thrusters performing the de- orbit burn. our at just under two minutes from de-escalation of the burn. dragon is committed to its splashdown point. there is no going back. >> yeah. we have the recovery team ready and on standby.

of the major battles fought in the pacific.t role in helping to secure a victory on the floor japan. unbeknownst the crew, they would bring the parts of also boy to japan. sadly, shortly after making its delivery, the "uss indianapolis" was hit and sump by a japanese torpedo. about 300 men were trapped inside the ship and lost their lives. 900 men escaped from the ship and went into the water where hundreds died for the next four days before help arrived. of the 1,196 men who served, only 316 survived the sinking. the stories relayed by the surviving sailors tell a tale of fear and desperation, but also of heroism and brotherhood. i'm honored to be part of the ceremony of awarding the entire crew the congressional gold medal and recognizing the sacrifice they made. >>> hello hello hello. this is congressman carson. i'm extremely pleased to take part in the ceremony honoring the veterans of the "uss indianapolis" and their families. i also want to thank our congressional lead eers and everyone who has helped make this ceremony s

general douglas mcarthur, commander in the southwest pacific and admiral chester nimmits.eral dwight d. eisenhower was coordinating plans with the staff in the european theater of operations. general leslie mcnar. general omar bradley, soon to be given a top field command. general henry hap arnold. chief of the services of supply with the stupendous task of logistical support which would help armies deployed throughout the world. the first of our troops began arriving at overseas staging areas. in north ireland, england, australia, army troops relieved battle scarred marines to continue to fight. the united states was demonstrating not only a will to fight, be the capability of fighting a two-front war half a world apart. on the 8th of november, american forces struck the shore of north africa. we were to use an appropriate american phrase in business. the business of an all-out fight against powerful aggresrs who had reached out to conquer the world. we had come thousands of miles, but not for conquest. in 1942, the commander of our ground forces said it best. >> the unit

general douglas mcarthur, commander in the southwest pacific and admiral chester nimitz. dwight ty eisenhower was coordinating momentous plans in the european theater of operations. i'm general leslie mcintyre, general of all commanding american ground forces. general omar bradley, commandant of the infantry, soon to be given a top field of commands i'm. in general henry arnold commanding army air forces. general sommerville, moved up to the chief a services of supply with a stupendous task of logistical support would what we finally be an army of many millions deployed throughout the world. the first of our troops began arriving at overseas staging areas. and north ireland, england, australia. on bloody canal relieved worry marines considered continuing to fight for the solomon islands. united states was not only does showing a will to fight but a two front war against half a world apart. on the 8th of november, 1942, american amphibious forces struck the shores of north africa. we were to use inappropriate american phrase in business. the business of an all out fight ag

mcarthur, in the southwest pacific. general dwight d.ans, in the european theater of operations. general mcnair, commanding ground forces. general omar bradley, soon to be given a top field command. general henry arnold, commanding air forces. general summerville moved up to chief of supplies with the task of statistical support, of what would be an army of millions of people sub throughout the world. the first of our troops began arriving at overseas staging areas. in north island, england, australia, army troops relieved battled marines, who continue to fight for the solomon islands. united states was not only demonstrating a will to fight, but the capability of fighting a two front odds half a world apart. (noise) on the 8th of november, 1942, american amphibious forces struck the shores of north africa. (noise) we were, to use an appropriate american phrase, in business. the business in an all out fight against powerful aggressors, who had reached out to conquer the world. we had come thousands of miles, but not for conquest. in 1942

out west, mountain and pacific 202-8001. we have two special lines, one for world war ii veterans and their families 202-748-8002 and for japanese americans 202-748-8003. we look forward to talking with you and you talking to our guest, richard frank. richard frank, more perspective here. how widespread in 1945 was the support for president truman and his decision to use atomic weapons and has that changed much over time? >> yeah. the support for truman in '45 and sometimes afterwards was extremely high. looking at numbers i've seen punching up above 80%. it's changed over the years because the narratives have been employed over the years have changed very much. one of the things that really concerns me about this -- i don't question we should talk about this. it should be controversy. i find it astonishing that this conversation takes place in which various alternatives are advanced in lieu of the atomic bombs. what is conspicuous about that discussion is they never talk about what the cost of the alternatives are. when you

he fought in the pacific. he was like your uncle. never wanted to kill anything, as a child growing up on a farm, he had trouble -- he couldn't shoot deer when he went hunting with his daughter. he couldn't do it. he didn't want to kill anything. wound up fighting in the pacific, i think he was a radio operator on a destroyer and two kamikaze planes hit his destroyer and he was very lucky to have survived. he was blown out of the way by the first explosion. and then when the second plane hit, his -- the entire battery where he was stationed was destroyed. and he lost most of his friends. and he wound up in the water for hours, gasoline burning water, oil, and he was traumatized. and he came back and had ptsd, was treated for it, and for decades afterwards hated the japanese, just kept that -- kept that hatred. and it got so bad that his wife and his parents didn't know what to do. they were a religious family. they attended church every sunday and he could not shake this. they were -- they were worried about him. if he saw someone th

that will take up the war on the pacific and asia, 1941 to 1945. what are the most interesting aspects? one of the interesting aspects is how quickly the turning point came in. in are just about six months later, after the japanese ran wild through the pacific, the battle of midway was fought. that was a major portion of japan's strength. whatever chance japan had of winning the pacific war probably disappeared in 1942. pain andty of war, the humiliation the big victory at , midway. it is a big ocean. but that is a relatively brief time. the war would go on for over three years after midway, from june of 1942 through august of 1945. naval officers, in particular, but officers across the world realized that the war was over. they took this opportunity to declare war on the united states, a country whose economy was 10 times larger than their own. for some kinding of miracle, and i think that is why japanese officers in particular were doing. it was often couched in terms of loyalty to the emperor. we cannot let the emperor down. i think it was more

which will take us up through the war in the pacific and asia. one of the interesting aspects of the war in the pacific is how quickly the turning point came . the bombing of pearl harbor just december 1941. about six months later, after the japanese had run wild through the pacific, the battle of midway was fought. at the battle of midway u.s. dive bombers destroyed no fewer than four aircraft carriers. that was a major portion of japan's naval strength. whatever chance that japan had disappeared in 1942. that early into the war, from what we may say the humiliation of pearl harbor, to the big victory at midway. just about six months. it is a big ocean. that is a relatively brief time. the war would go on for over three years after midway. from june of 1942 through august of 1945. i think most japanese naval officers realized that the war was probably lost after midway. they had taken this gamble to launch a war on the united dates, a country whose economy was 10 times the size of their own. what was there to do now? but simply to hang tough and

the ship served in ten major battles throughout the pacific war, from the first u.s.s offensive actions in new guinea in the hot tropics to the frigid waters of the illusions. during most of the war, she served as a flagship for admiral raymond, who led the u.s. navy's offensive across the central pacific from the guilford islands, the marionettes, the caroline's through nii-jima. frequently bombarding enemy positions and they shot down at okinawa, finally hit and badly damaged by a kamikaze suicide plane. following repair, she was given the top secret mission of giving the first atomic bomb from the united states to the 29 bomber base on tinny island. she did so in record time. only a few days later, she had her encounter with i-58 in the middle of nowhere in the middle of the night. there were numerous lessons learned from this tragedy that have been incorporated into operational procedures of the u.s. navy even today. if there is a lesson from the survivors, it is never, ever give up. thank you. >> on behalf of every sailor, marine and civilian in the department of