this is true across pakistan. this is as true and the punjab as it is in the nwfp and fought top. -- and fata. when pashtun is are behaving in other parts of pakistan, that behave like pakistan is elsewhere. that is not what is explaining it. >> let me add a reminder that we showed some provincial breakdowns because, for purposes of policy, it is really important to understand how attitudes might be distributed differently in places where there is a war than places where there is not. just putting in very crudely, the great majority of findings overall in this study do not show these big differences. the other point i would like to make has to do with the idea of identity, that somehow if, in fact, across four provinces, everyone wants of were the majority agree and say the same thing, that that means that some kind identity of pakistan is is being manufactured here. since we polled internationally, we document many questions in which people on opposite sides of the world happen to have majorities that answered a

against pakistan. it is a country that has been subjected to more than any other country i know to systematic brainwashing of its own population. that did not matter, in a sense, we did not care about policy. we did not care what pakistanis thought. american policy was disinterested in what the polls said because the people did not care. who knows who the people are? they do not vote, they did not wear uniforms, and they are not really our friends. the polling was irrelevant until recently. now i think pakistan has sort of a democracy, or moving in the direction of a participatory system. the opinion of people does matter. we may be creating a pakistani identity through these polls. i am not sure if the pakistan government has any kind of mechanism for polling. i wonder if they have people like me doing their polls. i think this has changed now. there is a radical change in american attitudes towards pakistan. this began in the last year or two of the more recent bush administration. it was not simply

of not supporting pakistan or limiting support to pakistan. and right from what it says in the 9/11 commission onward, there has been there drive to build capacity in pakistan because it was seen and is being seen as the key to the problem in afghanistan. problem in pakistan. in afghanistan, the u.s. and nato and everybody is tackling the most difficult situation, which is southern afghanistan. part of the problem. the taliban, possibly after the surge or elections missed out exploiting areas where there is a softness or a weakness. this is taking place, what pakistan is doing in the tribal areas is extremely important at this point in time. at this point, holding back capacity or any other kind of support, would become counterproductive. pakistan is capable of sitting across the table and discussing what is about money where it should be, and what monitoring should protect this, the u. s asking for specific requirements on the benefit of special programs that need to be put in place. there's a lot of working around huge concerns. the basic da

pakistan or limiting support for pakistan. from what it says in the 9/11 commission, there has been a drive to build capacity, what was seen as the key to the problem in pakistan. in afghanistan, the u.s. and nato and everybody is tackling the most difficult situation, which is southern afghanistan. part of the problem. the taliban, possibly after the surge or elections missed out exploiting areas where there is a softness or a weakness. this is taking place, what pakistan is doing in the tribal areas is extremely important at this point in time. at this point, holding back capacity or any other kind of support, would become counterproductive. pakistan is capable of sitting across the table and discussing what is about money where it should be, and what monitoring should protect this, the u. s asking for specific requirements on the benefit of special programs that need to be put in place. there's a lot of working around huge concerns. the basic data that pakistan's capacity should be built up should not be in doubt. the proce

because at my own time in pakistan it is when you cross the river that by six pakistan north and south you truly transition between two civilizations' west to have central asia and the look of the people, the address, even the planned taste of the food but you go east and across and islamabad 46 the food is spicier, the colors are more vivid, richer, it does pakistan were up? >> it does. i am not of the chicken little school that pakistan is always on the verge of collapse. is somehow i think has persevered, negative 1971 civil war but that was geographically untenable to begin with. but pakistan works in so far as it moves ahead. it does not work, it is still grappling with united identity, a single identity you travel around pakistan and it does defied this civilization but you travel around and you ask pakistani is a various parts of the country how they identify themselves? rarely if ever as pakistani is first. it is either pashtun or pull in jab or tribal identity or muslim sleazy the tears of identity so in that sense the idea of pakistan has never taken root among the civilizati

to afghanistan and pakistan. currently she is a currently political scientist at the rand corporation and previously was at the u.s. institute of peace. some of her ideas went into the development of the questionnaire for this study. and finally, steven is a senior fellow in foreign policy development at the brookings institution. he has co-authored books on southeast asia. he has had an exceptional career as an academic and on the policy planning staff at the state department. he will talk to us about policy issues he finds. i would like clay to start out and present the core findings of the research. >> thank you all very much for coming. this survey was conducted over may 17th to the 28th, and there were 1,000 pakistani adults nationwide responding. interviews were conducted at home in randomly selected urban and rural sampling points in all four provinces. let me add quickly that for balukistan, which has only about 5% of the country, we oversampled and then weighted the results back down so that they would b

they declared that he rest of pakistan infidels. and denounced the constitution of pakistan. they started committing unspeakable atrocities which -- the videos are difficult to stomach, and generally created a situation where there was no option but to go in. fortunately, this time, because of the exposure that they got and what they came out with themselves, there was a change in public opinion, there was a change in the media. the political resolution came out, very strongly. so, the military operations which went into swat, and which is ongoing in other areas, had full backing of the media, the political institution across the board, the public opinion firmly behind it, and, except for an -- one or two odd people on the fringe, everybody is pushing for an end to this situation. i think the political and military aim of the operation is to side line the taliban as a force which can ever challenge the writ of the government. and swat was chosen, because that is where the agreement was violated. and, that is where the expansion had taken place, also because it had started to

the critical power in pakistan and military power in pakistan. how do they view the future so i think would be useful for the future to do questions and say and the list of all the possible futures for yourself and for your country, for your province what do you see as most desirable or least desirable? i'd like to see that, it would save me english trying to figure this out myself. so i think that polling, that kind of question might give policymakers a little bit better idea what are the deepest concerns of pakistanis of all sorts especially young pakistanis decides to you like the taliban comedy you like the taliban and so forth. that seems to follow headlines. with the anti-americanism is deep and persistent and would be useful if we could figure out why besides having been subjected to propaganda from long time and which sectors hold these views more intensely than others. frankly i think american policy should now only address this question directly through much greater expansion of libraries and exchanges and so forth but when we come acro

groups trying to overthrow pakistan are not operating from bases within pakistan. asked if the pakistan government were to identify bases of taliban groups who are trying to overthrow the afghan government, do you think the government should or should not close these bases, even if it requires closing bases. 75% said the government should close such bases. this appeared to show a considerable growth in support for the military action to secure the western border. our september 2007 poll did find a plurality that favored allowing the army to pursue and captured taliban insurgence -- insurgents who crossed over the border. if the afghan tell them more to succeed in its goal, 3 onion 5 pakistan -- three in five pakistanis see this as a-goal. 24% said this would be a good outcome. others said it would be neither good nor bad. when the united states is brought into the picture, this really gives rise to different attitudes. asked about the current u.s. drone aircraft attacks in northwestern pakistan, at 82% called unjustified. only 13% disagreed. if the u.s. were to --

they are known to have links to pakistan intelligence.erts doubt that pakistan sanctioned the mumbai raid. >> we closely monitor the activity of these groups. they will have liaison officers. was isi directly involved in the planning of this particular operation? that is a much harder question to answer. >> his confession is being touted by pakistan. others say his testimony provides an intimate account of one of the worst ever atrocities in india. >>> the pentagon is considering sweeping changes to the detainee policy across afghanistan. that is according to a high- level military review obtained by "in new york times." the concern is that the air base has become a recruitment center for the taliban. the air base houses those that the u.s. military considers unlawful combatants. we have this report from washington. >> this airbase is home to the most infamous prison in afghanistan. even the pictures we can show are restricted by the u.s. military for security reasons. around 600 of the high-value alleged prisoners are locked up here. som

pakistan taliban but al qaeda. so these are short-term campaigns to give long term results. but in addition to that we've got to back up our effort in pakistan by supporting the economic and social development of the country that will double in size the next 30 or 40 years. a large population of people in need of education and alternatives to madrassas. that is why we are shifting a great deal of development spending towards education particularly in the north of pakistan to help those people there. so yes, in the short term -- and you require the pakistan military forces to be more active. i don't -- an interview with the general of the afghan operations that he said exactly the

we have conveyed that to the vernment of pakistan and others.a actively looking for additional informatiothat woullead us to them. >> h statements haventered pakistan. she al said that she sense the will in islam a bad to fight extremism. they could be hidi here in the gged mountains. the militants are also using pakistaas a support base to fight the americasoldiers in afghanistan. there was otherbusiness to attend to as well. aft meeting her indian counterpart, the secrery of state announced that the countries had ached an agreement thawould open up key marketfor american fir. >> i am also pleased tat the prime mister told me tt the nuclear parkhave been approved by the government. these willdvance the aims of the u.s.-india civil nuclear reements to facilitate billions of dolls in u.s. reacr exports and create js in both countries iwill alsoenerate mu- needed energy r the indian peop. >> llary clinton wked ha to disl any doubtsabout the commment of washingn to rong ties with india. she probably managed to reassure the leaders to se extent. the

it means for pakistan and u.s. policies. my name is steve webber. we manage world public opinion -- worldpublicopinion.org. our study, along with all of our other work, can be found on our website. this includes documentation, methods of distribution, so forth. more information on pakistan and south asia can be found there as well. this morning, we will be looking at findings from the national survey of the people of pakistan that was conducted in late may, slightly over, the go. the specific dates were may 17 to may 28. this was four months after president obama was inaugurated and about one week before his speech in cairo, in which he addressed the muslim world. on my right, my colleagues will present the views on a set of issues including the public's views on squaw valley and the pakistan. and attitudes about the role of u.s. engagement. he has worked extensively on studies of public opinion in asia and recently a study of attitudes about the conflict in kashmir. christine will present particularly interesting

haven't run pakistan for 60 years now. >> you drew the boundary between pakistan and india which -- > did. we have to recognize our own history. 61 years, india is the world's largest and most successful, largest democracy and a success story of the region. pakistan, 31 years of history, two-thirds of its boundary contested. communities split by lines between countries and the bangladesh experience of the early 1970s. pakistan has been a society deeply challenged, socio economically, politically, geographically over the last 60 years. what is important is countries like britain and america engage in the right way. we have to support credible strong government in pakistan that is able to come to grips with its own problems because it's a mortal threat that their own society faces. >> would you scene more troops into afghanistan if president obama asked you to? >> we will decide on troop deployment on the need on the ground. we have 9,000 troops in helmand province now or 6,000 helmand, 3,000 elsewhere in the country. the british commitment is very substantial, 12% of the total before t

if we can only pakistan and the world. my question is, what might turn pact attitudes into normal direction? -- pack is tan attitudes into normal direction. >> i understand what you said about the nwfp. and you said that the poll data showed that there was some inclinations towards the u.s. on al qaeda attacks and maybe some sympathies or more optimism about obama in the nwfp. but at the same time there are more sympathies towards al qaeda and its goals. do you think that the shift in opinion kind of presentences an opportunity, diplomatally speaking? >> would anybody like to answer? >> i think i can go first and let me take the last question first. one -- and i'm saying this as someone who has not and never been a full-time student to pakistan. there is a -- people who are farther away from what i'll call the pakistani metro polls have lessor a different mix of education and that they are less idealogically formed. their views don't necessarily all line up in a row properly, certainly less so than someone in an urban area

pakistan. in fact, i saw it's coming to capacity on the counterterrorism front in pakistan. so it's a good relationship that we have with china. >> if i may, ask a question, general. you talk about the fact that pakistan has the capacity, you said the government and the military has the capacity to deal with insurgency. brother obviously gaps in the equipment. and could you talk a bit about what pakistan needs and what is the prospect of getting the tools are that it needed from the united states? and if not from the united states, from some other sources. what are the possibilities? >> yes. the operations have been very hard on aviation, particularly helicopters. we did not and do not have a large fleet of helicopters which can operate in those areas. and we have had to diverged aviation of other areas that we needed like operations of high-altitude and so on. also, with some of the helicopters, i won't mention the name or make, we have problem of the operation, certain time, conditions in that particular area. so the wrist, that's one feel we need support from the u.s. and

could you comment on the status of pakistan-china relations. is there a difference between the military relations and the civilian government? any thoughts? >> we have had a long relationship with china. it's been a military relationship in the sense that we have procured equipment from china in the past and we have a joint production of fighter aircraft and battle tanks with chinese collaboration in pakistan. we have, on the civilian side, and has been offering incentives and encouraged to comment on the economic side in pakistan. right now they have not come in strongly, but somewhat in the telecommunications sector. they have a big telecommunications company operating there. they have come in on infrastructure. some mining and other projects as well. the civilian government and military both have been pushing for greater collaborations with china. to the effort on the civil side has been to bring china more and more into the economic sphere. we have not really had a problem with china. minor issues may be like one group operating somewhere i

india is holding pakistan militants responsible. the pakistani prime minister says pakistan is doing everything in its power in this regard. we were told adel cear was handed over by pakistan to india -- we were told that daya documt was handed over toby pakistan to india on that. >> any practical steps coming out of this? >> we have yet to get a full briefing from the prime ministers. they held long talks that went on longer than expected over a 2.5 hours. journalists waited for briefings afterwards. those have not been given yet. we were told to come back for the closing statements and that we would hear more later in terms of what concrete steps were being announced. the fact that the talks went on for so long seems to be a positive sign. it was more than most of the journalists were expecting. >> from the view of people in the subcontinent, these are two nuclear powers. it is important. >> i did not quite hear you. but these two powers have been very important. they are both major economic powers. india in particular. india is e

pakistan's government tacitly except these missile strikes. they will not accept american soldiers on the ground. the number of missile strikes is increasing. in 2007, three missile strikes by unmanned drones were reported. in 2008, there were as many as 34. in just the first few months of 2009, there were 16 reporting. the obama administration seems to be intensifying the program. >> the drone program has increased, and there's a sense that al qaeda needs to be carried or attacked constantly, and if pakistan does not want to do it, the united states needs to do it themselves. >> there is a risk. 10 alleged civilian casualties last year caused anger in pakistan. >> the white house sees this as a far from ideal strategy but in the absence of pakistan's help in the hunt for bin laden, it may be the only strategy they have. adam brooks, bbc news, washington. >> the first televised debate between candidates for the afghan presidency has been televised. it began 20 minutes late. the incumbent, amid karzai, declines to take part, saying a debate wou

the threat to pakistan? and it seems to me that it's pretty clear that, indeed, it's exacerbating and contributing to the destablization of pakistan. >> i'm not quite sure i entirely understand that because the international presence in afghanistan is trying to create a reasonably stable government there that controls the territory. if we had a more powerful -- listen to me. if you had a more powerful taliban in afghanistan won't that destabilize pakistan more because they will engage in more cross-border violence and they will destabilize the parts of the pakistan even more? >> pushing the taliban into pakistan, we are increasing the islamist threat to pakistan as a result of our presence in afghanistan. >> david, the argue na? >> the argument that if we pull out everything will be quiet. i don't think that's true now. if we were to move out of afghanistan i think that would probably just increase the resources available to them to take on islamabad. >> final question to each of you. a quick bottom line. an

intelligence from sanctuaries here in pakistan. it was the pakistan military who helped create the taliban. when the cia was funding many of these same afghan groups in the 1980s in their war against the soviets, it was the pakistan military that delivered the money, expertise and weapons like stinger missiles. now for the first time in this cnn interview, the pakistan military concedes it still maintains contact with the taliban. at the military headquarters we med a major general who concedes the army's links with the taliban were toned down after 9/11, but -- >> but having said that, more intelligence organization in the world shuts its last door on any of their organizations. >> more than talking to the taliban, the general says the pakistan military can actually get the taliban to sit down with the united states and broker a cease-fire. that's where pakistan can perhaps provide valuable assistance to the americans? >> i think, yes, that could be worked out. that's possible. >> this is one of the men who says he can help work t

she has traveled many times to afghanistan and pakistan. currently, she is a senior political scientist at the rand corporation and was previously at the u.s. institute of peace. some of her good ideas went into the development of the questionnaire for the study. finally, stephen cohen is a senior fellow in foreign policy studies at brookings institution. he is the co-author on books are in the american involvement in south asia and a volume entitled "the idea of pakistan."

the threat to pakistan. it seems to me it's pretty clear that indeed it's exacerbating. it is contributing to the destabilization of pakistan. >> i'm not quite sure i entirely understand that. the international presence in afghanistan is trying to create a reasonably stable government there that controls the territory. if you have a more powerful -- listen to me, if you had a more powerful taliban in afghanistan, isn't that going to destabilize pakistan more because, of course, they will engage in more cross-border violence and they will destabilize the parts of the pashun parts of taliban even other. >> we're pushing the taliban into pakistan. we are increasing the islamist threat to pakistan as a result of our presence in afghanistan. >> david, the argument that if we pull out of afghanistan, everything will become quieter in pakistan. that may have been true back in '02/'08. i don't think it's through now. i think if we were to move out of afghanistan, i think that would probably just increase the resourc

intelligence from sanctuaries here in pakistan.s the pakistan military who helped create the taliban when the cia was funding many of these same afghan groups in the 1980s in their war against the soviets, it was the pakistan military that delivered the money, expertise and weapons like stinger missiles. now for the first time in this cnn interview the pakistan military concedes it still maintains contact with the taliban. at the military headquarters we met major general abbas. the army link to the taliban were turned down after 9/11 but -- >> having said that, an organization in the world shut its last door on any other organization. >> reporter: and more than talking to the taliban, the general says the pakistan military can actually get the taliban to sit down with the united states and broker a ceasefire. and that's where pakistan can perhaps provide valuable assistance. >> i think that's possible. >> reporter: and this is one of the men he says can help work that deal. >> people like me who serve the cause of the freedom in p

intelligence, from sanctuaries here in pakistan.the pakistan military who helped create the taliban. when the cia was fund many of these same afghan groups in the 1980s in their war against the soviets, it was the pakistan military that delivered the money, expertise and weapons like stinger missiles. now, for the first time in this cnn interview, the pakistan military concedes it still maintains contact with the taliban. at the military headquarters we met major janl atwar who concedes the army's links with the taliban were toned down after 9/11 but. >> but having said that, if more intelligence organization in the world shuts its last door on any other organization. >> and more than talking to the taliban, the general says the pakistan military can actually get the taliban to sit down with the united states and broker a cease-fire. >> and that's where pakistan can perhaps provide valuable assistance to the american mission? >> i think, yes, that can be worked out. that's possible. >> reporter: and this is one of the men who says h

and pakistan. >> my right honorable friend asked your predecessor, mr. speaker, to set up a speaker conference to report on how we can women and disabled people elected to this house. this morning, mr. speaker, the conference has published an interim report which makes proposals to increase diversity candidates standing for all the parties at the next general election as a step to restoring people's faith in the democratic process and in this house in particular. will my right honorable friend commit the equipment to put his whole heart and support behind the important recommendations in this support? and encourage the leaders of all parties in this house to do the same? >> mr. speaker i think we should support my right honorable friend. it's to increase women disabled and black, asian minority ethic in our parliament and i will have a greater diversity in public and political life. and i think the conservative party should think because they have opposed the second reading of the equality bill in parliament. >> mr. david cameron. >> thank you, mr. speak

haven't run pakistan for 60 years now. >> you drew the boundary between pakistan and india which caused -- >> we did. we have to recognize our own history. 61 years, india is the world's largest and most successful -- largest democracy and a success story of the region. pakistan, 31 years of military rule, two-thirds of its boundary contested. communities split by lines between countries and the bangladesh experience of the early 1970s. pakistan has been a society deeply challenged, socioeconomically, politically, geographically over the last 60 years. and i think what is important is that countries like britain and america engage in the right way. we have to support credible, strong government in pakistan that is able to come to grips with its own problems, because it's a mortal threat that their own society faces that is the greatest threat to us. >> would you scene more troops into afghanistan if president obama asked you to? >> we will decide on our troop deployment according to the need on the ground. we have 9,000 troops in helmand province now or 6,000 helmand, 3,000 elsewhere in

as that battle intensifies in both afghanistan and pakistan. tonight we're going to focus on pakistan, where the government, under pressure from the united states, has been conducting large-scale military operations against the extremists. the government says its offensive in one area, the swat valley was successful, but it took a big humanitarian toll, driving some 2 million people from their homes. this week, some of those displaced people began to return to the swat valley, including the capital of the area, mi mingora. in tonight's lead focus we want to show you what it was like as they made their way back. kamal hyder of al jazeera english was with some of them. >> reporter: more and more people are coming back and by whatever means available fblt. some are on acres while others walk along with their livestock, like this old man who gives a helping hand to his animals. as the waits get longer at some checkpoints, some complain they're not getting any help to speed up the process. the children run back to the acres to the relative safety of

." >> the headlines call to account pakistan's former military victor.ervez musharraf, summoned to the top court to defend his actions. a potentially bloody dispute as regions are redrawn. a delicate meeting ahead, iraq's prime minister is to go to washington to meet with the u.s. president. also, the swine flu pandemic and 2 million pilgrims. an unprecedented challenge. the longest total solar eclipse this century crosses asia, creating awe and fear. it is 7:00 a.m. in washington, midday in london, 5:00 p.m. in islamabad. that is where they are moving against pervez musharraf in court, summoned to discuss his firing of independent minded judges in 2007. it is the issue that led to his downfall. our correspondent, sherry, joins us live now from islamabad. sherry, let me ask you, first of all, this smacks a bit of revenge, does it not? one of the judges in court today was sacked by pervez musharraf. >> there are others, but at the moment they are not summoning him to try a case against him. since he resigned in the middle of 2008, this case is a benchmark

missiles to pakistan. they say that he was kild in a raid in the lt few months. we have this report from washington. >>mericans may have struck close tosama bin laden. washington, oicials say that they'rell but certain it is hithird son, saad, that is dead, killed by an american missile. such attacks are designed to ke bin laden in hiding and under pressure. the united sates believes he remain somewhe i and verned pakistan. >> tse part of the execution attacks in 9/11, we firmly believe a significant number of them a the border area of pakistan. >> bin laden's latest public meage. >it came in early june d criticizedresident obama just as he visited the middle ea. >> every day, he has to run. there is a huge reward program for any pakistan cizen or anyone else who betrays his wherbouts. but he has been playing thi game for a decade now. >> f several years, the ht for bin den has been carried ou by unmaed drone carryi missiles intoakistan's aipace. kistan's government tacly exct these msile strikes. thewill not accept american soldiers on the ground. the nuer of mi

pakistan. cnn's michael ware has traveled into pakistan, a dangerous region, to get these details for you. >> reporter: i came to these mountains to unravel how the taliban in afghanistan are based from here across the border in pakistan. in these remote mountain valleys of pakistan's northwest frontier province, the cal ban can hide, train, smuggle weapons and launch military strikes against u.s. forces in afghanistan. for generations, the border here has been little more than a vague blur among the people. that is what is troubling the american effort in afghanistan. to put it simply, american cannot win the war in afghanistan, certainly can't win it with bombs and bullets and it can't win it in afghanistan. part of the answer lies here where i am standing, in these mountain valleys in pakistan on the afghan border. this is al qaeda and taliban territory. right now, there is as much as 100 taliban on that mountain top, between the snow cap peaks and the villages. at the end of the day, it's t

missile strike in pakistan. saad bin laden is believed to be loosely affiliated with al qaeda after moving to pakistan in the last year. officials say it is tough to be completely certain without a dna test on the body, but they say it is about 80% certain that the younger bin laden was killed in a missile strike sometime this year. stay tuned to the fox news channel, and we will have more details on this breaking story. >> we heard one republican strategist telling his party that even though they might be willing to compromise, it is better to go for the kill. another said that defeating health-care reform is about breaking me. i have been a little frustrated by some of the misinformation that has been coming out of the republicans. sean: now, that was president obama addressing the white house press corps, but it may be me, but it seems that he was blaming republicans. governor ed rendell joins us. always good to see you. >> nice to see you, sean. sean: help me out here. let me see. they have a filibuster-proo

and the borders of pakistan and afghanistan. we've got to do something to make sure the british people are safe. of course, there also a al qaeda in somalia that have threatened action in somalia. that is very difficult. it is in somalia and in other parts of africa, al qaeda. it is our duty, first of all, to keep al qaeda out of the afghanistan, second to keep them out of pakistan. to do that we have to deal with the people that harbor them, and that is the pakistan taliban and we have got to do with the afghanistan taliban. it is clear action that we have to take. >> you just talk about the tough year that you have had and that the countries have had with the recession, swine flu, and the expense candles and everything else. are you optimistic in the next 12 months that it will be better for you and your -- and the country? are you concerned about sexism and ageism on television? >> [laughter] i will leave the second question two. hartman to continue to -- to harriet hartman to continue to enter. it has been a difficult year b

to pakistan and do the same.hat is what our strategy set out what is the future. the future lies in our military action being complemented by action that is taken domestically in afghanistan and pakistan. for the first time we are seeing the growth of a national consensus in pakistan that they must take action against the pakistan taliban. there are many thousands of displaced people, but we are prepared to help. at the same time, the have been targeted by the pakistan army, at the base where al qaeda is. our free markets to look at pakistan and afghanistan together and to recognize that military action on its own has to be complemented by the civilian action i am talking about an action by pakistan and afghanistan. we want to build up the ability of the afghan governments to be able to do with the threat in its own country, but at the same time want to strengthen the pakistan state in its being able to deal with the terrorist threat that is a problem for its own country. pakistan has many troops on the indian bo

the attacks increased tensions between india and pakistan, two nuclear armed rivals. india said the infamous group was behind all this. it is not clear why kasab confessed now, but it is likely to add to india pressure on pakistan to act against those responsible for planning this. bbc news. >> britain has downgraded its terror alert to its lowest level in at least three years. the joint terrorism analysis center, responsible for tracking the threat, reduce the level from severe to substantial. joining me now is our security correspondent. first of all, what is the difference between severe and substantial? >> they have five levels in this country. s estimate public three years ago. the top level is critical, meaning an attack is imminent below that we have severe, which is where we have been at the last few years, an attack is highly likely. what we are is a substantial, meaning there is a strong possibility of an attack. >> this is a major step change. >> it is good news. does not mean the tariff threat has gone away, but they are not aware at the moment of any subs

so, i see the afghanistan and pakistan strategy as complementary. i think the work that we've done to bring president zardari and president karzai together we will be holding the friends of pakistan meeting in september that we will convene to get other countries to support pakistan in this effort. now that they've started to take on this in surgeon threat and terrorist threat we have complementary action in afghanistan and pakistan and then get some help the objectives we set can be achieved. >> i would agree with all of that prime minister. >> thank you. we now move on to andrew miller. >> iran has been described with regard to middle east peace and recently richard bolten said its not exceptional to talk foul of iran. their behavior and ambition provoke strong reactions and they certainly seem to have reacted britain's position in recent pronouncements. i want to take the number of aspects. first of all, on the nuclear debate referring back to the paper that was spoke about and has been published today that says they grant supply access to nuclea

pakistan is a safe haven and pakistan seems so far to have no interest in extending its campaign againstdomestic taliban to those in afghanistan. >> i think that's a pretty fair reading of the situation. what i want to stress though is that when we looked at the problem set of afghanistan, first off there were a couple things that alarmed us. the first thing is how it will well know after being there for eight years. i still don't feel that we have a close enough understanding of afghanistan, its peoples, the die dynamics. we're very good at focusing on the enemy but we're not too good at mapping social networks, trying to figure out how different tribes interact, how political figures interact. the second thing that disturbed us... the good news is that the taliban or any of these enemy groups in afghanistan, although they are getting stronger, we don't see them... they're not going to take over the country any time soon. they don't present an immediate existential threat to the government of afghanistan. the problem is, at this stage, the legitimacy of the government of afghanistan is

pakistan is itself under intense pressure from extremist groups. trilateral cooperation among afghanistan, pakistan and the united states has built confidence and yielded progress on a number of policy fronts. our national security, as well as the future of afghanistan, depends on a stable, democratic and economically viable pakistan. and we applaud the new pakistani determination to deal with the militants who threatened their democracy and our shared security. in iraq, we are bolstering our diplomacy and development programs while we implement a responsible withdrawal of our troops. last month, our combat troops successfully redeployed from towns and cities. our principal focus is now shifting from security issues to civilian efforts that promote iraqi capacity, supporting the work of the iraqi ministries and aiding in their efforts to achieve national unity. and we are developing a long-term economic and political relationship with iraq as outlined by the u.s./iraq strategic framework agreement. this agreement -- >> hillary clinton warning iran

. >>> millions have fled the bloody campaign to eliminate the taliban in pakistan. some are now heading home. what will they find? >> supporters of the president of zimbabwe have met a violent end. >> according to unconfirmed reports, the leader of north korea has pancreatic cancer. >>> welcome to "bbc world news." >> coming up later, living leiter and spending less. americans are taking community living mainstream. the power is in the petals. there is a new bicycle revolution from berlin. ♪ >>> in theory, it is what the fighting is all about. this is the acid test on a massive scale. around 2 million people fled their homes in the swat valley of pakistan as the military cleared it out to make a place for the local people could live in peace. the army has now declared most of the area safe. they are urging millions to go home. many are refusing. they do not believe the taliban are really gone. we have this report from islamabad on the difficult decision for those that call this what valley home. >> waking up for the last time in the camp. people are flooding down fr

jon: a stunning story coming to light about an american al qaeda captured in pakistan.he grew up playing baseball with kids on long island. his dad was an engineer and the boy was a boy scout. a few years ago, investigators say that he converted to islam, cut family ties, and this appeared to train with al qaeda. authorities say he admitted taking part in a rocket attack on u.s. forces in afghanistan before being captured in november. they say he also gave the terror group informations about new york subway systems. journeyman for more on this story is congressman peter kaine. he represents the district where vinyas grew up. the l.a. times started working on a story about him. the court transcript in which he was convicted have been sealed. the judge decided to open up parts of it because of this "los angeles times" destination. they were trying to keep a secret, it seems. >> yes, i was there last year during the plots against the long island rail road and subsystem. he had been captured in pakistan and we found out at that time that he had given information to al qaeda