-pakistan alliance. i believe that the united states and pakistan should be allies and continue to work together. but i think the question about terrorism is a very important question. and it really has not been satisfactorily, in my opinion, met by the pakistani government. i hope we can see a strategy for pakistan from usaid so we can maximize the remaining foreign assistance to both countries. in my view we need to include incentives and encourage pakistan to make much needed energy sector and tax reforms. we all want to see a peaceful, stable, and prosperous pakistan that is an integrated part of a larger, more connected, central and south asia. this simply cannot happen with the continued instability that exists in pakistan and afghanistan. so i'm wondering, ambassador, if you could answer some of these questions i made, if you've already done it then we can do it in writing afterwards, but if you can answer it, i would be grateful. thank you. and i wish you good luck. as i said before, i think you'

-pakistan alliance.i believe that the united states and pakistan should be allies and continue to work together. but i think the question about terrorism is a very important question. and it really has not been satisfactorily, in my opinion, met by the pakistani government. i hope we can see a strategy for pakistan from usaid so we can maximize the remaining foreign assistance to both countries. in my view we need to include incentives and encourage pakistan to make much needed energy sector and tax reforms. we all want to see a peaceful, stable, and prosperous pakistan that is an integrated part of a larger, more connected, central and south asia. this simply cannot happen with the continued instability that exists in pakistan and afghanistan. so i'm wondering, ambassador, if you could answer some of these questions i made, if you've already done it then we can do it in writing afterwards, but if you can answer it, i would be grateful. thank you. and i wish you good luck. as i said before, i think you'r

pakistan alliance. i believe that the united states and pakistan needs to -- should be ally, continue to work together. but that i i think that questiot terrorism is a very important question, and it really has not been satisfaction in any opinion met by the pakistani government. also, i hope we can soon see a country strategy for pakistan and from u.s. aid to maximize reform assistance to both countries. in my view we need to encourage pakistan to make much needed energy sector in tax rferls to see a stable and prosperous pakistan that is integrated part of a larger connected more in central asia and can't happen with the stability that exist in pakistan and afghanistan so i'm wondering ambassador, if you could answer some of these questions i may if you have already done it, then we can coit in writing afterwards, but if you can answer it, i would be grateful. thank you. i wish you good luck, and i -- as i said before i think you're the right man for the job. >> well, thank you, thank you very much, t

i had an active dialogue during my three years in a pakistan -- in pakistan. i will leave the other questions to another member. we are going to move on. >> thank you, matter and chairman. -- madam chairman. as the only member of congress who is indian, it is important to me and i have spent a lot of time thinking about it. it is very much interconnected when he think about india, afghanistan, and pakistan. side, iounterterrorism in 2008, indiaai demonstrated incredible restraint in its approach to pakistan. pakistan, as ambassador olson mentioned, it is the one year anniversary of the horrific passion of our -- peshawar school shooting. i would have expected pakistan to have a more robust crackdown on the terrorist threats, from our perspective, i think from the perspective of indians, there is almost this side-by-side relationship in pakistan with some of these terrorist networks that almost symbiotic. they live side-by-side. from your perspective, what are the steps that pakistan's government, it's military needs to do to reduce the terrorist threats? in so

-pakistan relations. the committee has repeatedly urged pakistan to take meaningful action against key islamist terrorist groups operating within its territory. unfortunately, pakistan which is home to the world fastest-growing nuclear weapons program, has remained a fount of radical islamist thought. it was no surprise that one of the san bernardino attackers, tashfeen malik, studied and a pakistani school. 9/11 terroristhe attacks transformed u.s.- pakistan relations overnight. after more than a decade under sanctions, pakistan was to be a key ally in combating islamist militancy, becoming a leading the 15nt of u.s. aid in years since. but while the u.s. was quick to embrace pakistan, pakistan has hardly reciprocated. pakistani governments have come and gone, but its northwestern frontier has remained a terrorist haven. with its security services supporting what it considers to be good islamist terrorist groups. these good groups under pakistan's calculus destabilize afghanistan and threaten neighboring

and pakistan after the raid, pakistan scrambled two u.s.-made f-16s and were headed to the area where the raid took place, and a possible confrontation with two u.s.-made jets against american helicopters at the raid didn't happen, but it could have happened. pilots that presumably were trained the year before, in 2010, in tucson, ooz. and i think we need -- arizona. and i think we need to be very concerned about providing armaments for pakistan who seems to play all the sides. and i'll yield back, mr. chairman. >> okay. and i now yield time to mr. dana rohrabacher of california. >> thank you very much. when i was elected 28 years ago, i think most people considered me pakistan's best friend on the house of representatives. and let me just say that i, over the years i've been deeply disappointed that those people who i considered to be my friends were betraying the trust of the united states and were committing acts that were only the acts that an enemy would commit even though we continued to have a facade of friendship. we've given $30 bi

i don't trust pakistan. maybe you do. i don't. we had torr bassador of pakistan, mr. haqqani here, and testified before my subcommittee, and says that pakistan still ends up supporting terrorists. do they support them in any way? does pakistan support terrorist groups in any way? not just a little, not just much, but do they support them? are they free from doing that now, mr. ambassador? >> thank you, judge poe. with regard to pakistan does have a fleet of f-16s, and they have been developing a precision strike capability with those f-16s, which they have used to considerable effect. in north waziristan and in the tribal areas, generally. this is within a framework of our security assistance to pakistan, which has six objectives, basically centered around counterinsurgency and counterterrorism. it's our belief that the f-16s have been used very effectively. the precision strike capability to take out terrorist targets, including safe havens that threaten our forces in afghanistan. >> reclaiming my time. my question -- >> yes. >> very specific. does the pakistan milit

pakistan" part.but everything after page 1, we were criticized for that. it was suggested we were somehow advancing india's interests, that all of the steps that we had suggested would compromise pakistan's national security, that our assessments of fissile material production were off, that we were completely discounting india's nuclear program, et cetera, et cetera. >> marvin birnbaum, the liss institute. during the cold wear, in the united states, and in russia as well, the soviet union, there was a fear of what the consequence of nuclear war might bring. my sense is, knowing pakistan perhaps a little better than india, that that's lacking, that there's no willingness, whether it's in civil defense preparations, where, you know, we thought a lot about this, you don't see anything, not that one can build bomb shelters given the kinds of weapons, but you don't get that feeling. and i wonder how much that plays into the inability of both sides to perhaps evaluate this nuclear competition. and at the

and pakistan after the raid, pakistan scrambled two u.s. made f-16s and were headed to the area where the raid took place and a possible confrontation with two u.s. made jets against american helicopters at the raid didn't happen, but it could have happened. pilots that presumably were trained the year before in 2010 in tucson, arizona, and i think we need to be very concerned about providing armaments for pakistan who seems to play all the sides. and i'll yield back, mr. chairman. >> okay. and i now yield time to mr. dana rohrabacher of california. >> thank you very much. when i was elected 28 years ago, i think most people considered me pakistan's best friend in the house of representatives. and let me just say that i -- over the years, i have been deeply disappointed that those people who i considered to be my friends were betraying the trust of the united states and were committing acts that were only the acts that an enemy would commit even though we continued to have a facade of friendship. we've given 30 billion, $30 billion since 9/

-pakistan relations. it's just gotten under way. >> look at india, we look at pakistan, the relationship is incredibly important. particularly as the changing mission in afghanistan is -- the role of pakistan and india in stabilizing the region is incredibly complex and important. it's an honor to welcome ambassador olson to the job. i understand this is your first month on the job, so looking forward to hearing the testimony. looking forward to working with you and looking forward to furthering the relationship between the united states and south asia and stabilizing the region. so thank you. >> thank you so much, dr. bera. and the chairman would like to express his sorrow for not being here, mr. ambassador, but he is lea leading the charge on the house floor on four bills from our committee. that's why he's not here and why mr. engle is not here either. we're now pleased to be joined by ambassador richard olson. ambassador olson is the special representative for afghanistan and pakistan, immediately pri

the literacy rate in pakistan. pakistan is the nuclear power and as a strong military. it will play an equal and prominent role. a career diplomat who also served as ambassador of pakistan to belgium, luxembourg, and the european union. the pakistan high commission to australia. ambassador supports president obama's policy over awarding abusive words like islamic and muslim to describe violent extremism and terrorism movements command i will say this personally. i agree with him most on that point. only a small number of muslims engage. so it is not fair and counterproductive to think the entire community with a broad brush of extremism. this is not an activity that is exclusive to any religion or group. it isit is also honest and acknowledging that many countries, including pakistan need to be part of countering the regional and global impact of radical extremists. he is happily married, and they have three lovely sons. one works for the united nations room and the other two are studying at prestigious universities in the us command i know there grades are high because

-pakistan relationss. . he says they are becoming a more constructive partner, but more needs to be done to target terrorist groups. the hearing also focused on their nuclear arsenal and u.s. foreign assistance to pakistan. the hearings began as he began testimony. >> we are pleased to be joined by ambassador richard olson. he is the special representative for afghanistan and pakistan. immediately prior to this appointment, he served as the u.s. ambassador to pakistan, but he has served in many capacities before joining the state department in 1982. ambassador olson has been recognized several times for his service, including being awarded the distinguished service award. without objection, the witnesses prepared statement will be made a part of the record, and members will have five calendar days to submit statements, questions, and extraneous material for the record. ambassador olson, please summarize your remarks. of the committee, thank you for the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss the cu

pakistan and to otherwise make pakistan a better environment for new and growing businesses? >> well, again, i think this is a very important issue. because corruption as i mentioned are the issues which have been constantly being debated in the country. but here again, i would like to mention that democracy has done a lot of good to pakistan. people of pakistan, they feel in particular the government has not done very well in terms of governance or has not been able to arrest corruption. people will vote them out. and this is the phenomena, this is a constant phenomena that we are witnessing today. i think with the -- i mentioned about the ruthless nature of our media because media is trying to pick holes in almost everything from, you know, whether the members of the parliament, whether the bureaucracy, whether -- you name any institution and that comes under a lot of scrutiny as far as the media is concerned. then there are civil society organizations, educating this issue. so, i would briefly mention that these developments have also done a lot of good to us, because in p

and pakistan after the raid, pakistan scrambled two u.s. made f-16s and were headed to the area where the raid took place and a possible confrontation with two u.s. made jets against american helicopters at the raid didn't happen, but it could have happened. pilots that presumably were trained the year before in 2010 in tucson, arizona, and i think we need to be very concerned about providing armaments for pakistan who seems to play all the sides. and i'll yield back, mr. chairman. >> okay. and i now yield time to mr. dana rohrabacher of california. when i was elected 28 years ago, i think most people considered me pakistan's best friend in the house of representatives. and let me just say that i -- over the years, i have been deeply disappointed that those people who i considered to be my friends were betraying the trust of the united states and were committing acts that were only the acts that an enemy would commit even though we continued to have a facade of friendship. we've given 30 billion, $30 billion since 9/11 to pakistan, yet we r

war into pakistan. defeat on the conventional battle field, pakistan has adopted full spectrum deterrencÑ strategy that would allow it to deal with india on every rung of the nuclear ladder. hence the idea to give up on tactical weapons or strategic deterrence absent -- my argument is that we are wasting our time asking pakistan to accept radical changes and implement arms control treaties and norms. ue pakistan to become a normal state and give up their goal.m now, if pakistan were to return to being a status quo seeking normal state, india would have few incentives to threaten it bñ with a war. pakistan in turn would have very few uses of its tactical weapons, then create positive incentives for pakistan to switch from full spectrum deterrence to a limited strategic deterrence strategy. let us assume that we succeed in persuading pakistan to accept curbs in nuclear weapons and give up full spectrum strategy. but this happens absent any changes in pakistan's grand strategy of territorial revisionism th

in pakistan. the prime minister of pakistan and the president will jointly inaugurate and address the meeting. lastly ladies and gentlemen, education is certainly one of the primary of our focus by the current government. other region documents were approved by the cabinet last year, in that substantial expansion involvement of all children and improvement of the quality of education. the government is committed to increase the budget and allocation from the current two per% of the gdp by 24% of the gdp. similarly we have also increased public expenditure on higher education from the current 0.2% of gdp to 1.4% of the gdp. recently, in 2012 the government passed the right to a free education making all 5216-year-old children to free education. under the prime minister of education initiative launched recently a comprehensive has been initiated for upgrading school structure. human resources development, teacher training, curriculum improvement, and other reforms. similarly the providential governm

because of the conference being organized in pakistan, prime minister of pakistan, they would jointly inauguraluate the meeting. lastly, education is certainly one of the primary areas of focus. the document that was approved by the cabinet last year aimed at substantial expansion of enrollment of all children as well as improvement in the quality of education. the government to increase the military location. also, increased public expenditure on higher education from the current 0.2% of gdp to 1.4% of gdp. recently, in 2012, the government, free and compass education making all five to 16-year-old children eligible for free and come pulsery education. launched recently, a comprehensive plan of action has been initiated for upgrading school infrastructure. human resource development teacher, training curriculum improvement and forms. achieving universal primary education as well as improvement in the adult literacy, especially for women. malala as you know, has become a role model for all young girls in pakistan and we are witnessing increased enroll m by young girls even from the re

pakistan is the top -- part of the top three countries, iraq, afghanistan, and pakistan where there have been the most terrorist attacks, the highest number of casualties and sort f of -- that pakistan is on the front line of this fight and this sense of lack of security. so, i told you i'm going to be a little discombobulated but -- okay. okay. so, just quickly deaths by victims categories. there are, of course, vast majority of them are civilian. this is just 2011. and it's actually number not just for pakistan but for the world. but it sort of mirrors what was going on in pakistan, too. the one important point that i would want to make out of that, this graph, is that if you look at it, of course, civilians are the highest number of casualties. there are also significant number that are children. but if you look at in terms of people who are fighting against the terrorists, law enforcement, there you see that, yes, there are military and security forces that have been killed in this fight against terror, but that the police in this graph, they are much higher number. there are more po

pakistan-india relations since 1947. there is also the realization that war is not an option between 2 nuclear neighbors. the previous wars that we fought was literally fought with bows and arrows. it is the realization amongst the people of the two countries, , that economic development cannot take place in the region, in pakistan and india, without a peaceful environment. this is a realization that the forces of extremism and terrorism thrive in environment of tension and hostility. always exploit the rivalry between two countries and further exacerbate the situation. , i am this realization happy to inform, that in pakistan almost all political parties -- if you look at the elections that have taken place in pakistan, there were three successive elections in the past two decades or so -- the political parties, in their manifesto, have clearly with india,peace afghanistan, and the region. is being mirrored by almost all of the political parties. party,me minister, his he won the election on his slogan "peace through ec

-pakistan relationship. we are used to hearing bad news, but the pakistani people have achieved accomplishments. the transfer of power from one democratically elected government to another, a historic moment for the country. thanks to collaboration with our own, they have added electricity, new jobs, schools, and more than 18,000 newly trained teachers. let me commend experts for their hard work and a challenging environment. on the security side, we have seen more modest progress. terrorist groups pose threats to americans. pakistanis and our partners, where pakistan has provided extremist groups safe haven and a permissive environment allowing the ideology to spread. the hardest hit have been the pakistani people. terrorism has killed more than 50,000 people since 2003. a year ago today, terrorists affiliated with the pakistani taliban massacred more than 140 teachers and students at the army school in peshawar. the government finally took military action against ttp in north waziristan. i had high hopes f

east pakistan.ll of that part looked like it was going to fall on chinese hands and it was unclear whether the chinese would stop there. there were some that caught the chinese would march all the way to account qatar and take india's second-largest city. on november 19, 1962, the crisis came to its head. they sent two letters. the first arrived just before the national security council meeting. the second arrived during the meeting. but the american ambassador, john kenneth galbraith and i will come back to him in a minute already previewed the second letter. the second letter was a cry for immediate assistance. they said we are on the verge of going under. the whole world is going to see a communist gigantic march into a democracy and destroyed. i am not sure i-india will survive this catastrophe. then he came to the punch line. he said he immediately needed 12 squadrons of american combat fighter aircraft with american pilots and those to be stashed immediately to happen in the war. in this lette

pointed out that in 19g objectives pakistan and the united states -- the big objectives pakistan and the united states of america are bigger than those that divide us. perspective the strategic partnership must be based on mutual interests and respect. understanding of our respective , realisticoncerns expectations from each other, and a positive narrative about each other. to identifyeed areas of common interest, and bilateral, regional, and global interest. the arrival of forces to years ago, we have, long way. onhave six working groups economic and trade cooperation, energy sector cooperation, counterterrorism and andenforcement, defense, nuclear nonproliferation and strategic stability. making good progress and all of these working groups. we have agreed to a plan of action to promote cooperation. our cooperation on counterterrorism and law in thement has resulted enhanced capacity of our ied'sty forces to reduce and extremist organizations. , we have asector wonderful cooperation going on. , because ofone year the assistance provided by the united states of america, we have adde

pakistan" part.ut everything after page 1, we were criticized for that. it was suggested we were somehow advancing india's interests, that all of the steps that we had suggested would compromise pakistan's national security, that our assessments of fissile material production were off, that we were completely discounting india's nuclear program, et cetera, et cetera. >> marvin birnbaum the liss institute. during the cold wear, in the united states, and in russia as well, the soviet union there was a fear of what the consequence of nuclear war might bring. my sense is knowing pakistan perhaps a little better than sba india, that that's lacking, that there's no willingness, whether it's in civil defense preparations where, you know, we thought a lot about this, you don't see anything not that one can build bomb shelters given the kinds of weapons, but you don't get that feeling. and i wonder how much that plays into the inability of both sides to perhaps evaluate this nuclear competition. and at the sa

so anything that helps pakistan against india, pakistan is willing to do that. in egypt since the '50s, what is known in egypt as the deep state or the establishment, the political elite, many of them coming from the military, have seen islamists in general as the other. they have no, you know, kind of confusion about that, and so in earlier in egypt they had engaged in lots of suppression of islamists and now we see the same thing. the only problem is that unlike pakistan, the islamists in egypt are much greater in number and much more moderate. the muslim brotherhood, morsi, who was the president for a short period of time may have made some strategic mistakes, but the muslim brotherhood as a party was generally much more moderate, and so for me it's really rolling back political evolution of egypt by so strongly coming against them. it's only going to create much greater authoritarianism and tyranny in egypt and the response to that tyranny is going to be we are in for a very bad time in egypt in the next eight, ten years because there will be more terrorism

also pakistan creation in terms of cohesion within pakistan. it's more intense. they are accusing india of supporting the uprising through afghanistan which is not true being the minister of interior in the formation. it is the uprising very much in terms of the issue of pakistan. they have reason to be concerned and the right to be concerned but that is another dimension of the concerned. what they want from us is to degrade the relationship with india. the argument is that we are. it's one area. i didn't see it in those days they would say it would look more towards islam allah but there's there is another way of saying the same thing. but i never thought or they never thought that we were pushing it as a prior issue. they want to use afghanistan to which we don't mind. we want to give them that provided the same towards india but they are not meaning to do that with all the goods to go back and forth. to help with the peace process. but you can cut from pakistan to make them come and help you they are under the habit when you give them when they want to if giv

to attacks from pakistan.the crucial task ahead for afghanistan are exceedingly difficult. improving security, creating conditions for peas, building the economy, strengthening government, -- conditions for peace, building the economy, strengthening government. second, the national unity government needs to perform and demonstrate achievement to the afghan people. the government has advanced an ambitious reform program. the new jobs for abuse program is an effort with security -- jobs for peace program is an effort with security potential. the opportunity afforded today in afghanistan is unique and must not be squandered. the challenge to our security in afghanistan is one part of a long-term threat much of the world faces from terrorism rooted in violent extremism, recently highlighted by attacks and egypt, turkey, lebanon, paris, california, and elsewhere. have tended to inmiss the daesh presence afghanistan. we have seen in libya that such indigenous affiliates eventually control ground and connect with the

used pakistan as a safe haven over time and there's a very important degree to which pakistan's cooperation with afghanistan and vice versa is critical to stability in afghanistan. what is your current perception from each of your respective roles about the degree of cooperation between the afghanistan and pakistan governments especially when it comes to these issues of security and the counterterrorism effort. >> thank you, senator kaine. there's -- i'm just coming out of three years in pakistan, and i can assure you that this has been at the center of our dialogue with pakistanis and i think it's safe to say there was no conversation that i had in pakistan that did not include a very direct, a very frank discussion about specifically the taliban in general. and we will continue to have those frank discussions. the pakistanis have taken action against the tgp. they launched operation in june of 2014 and have largely cleared north waziristan agency which was a long-standing objective to re-establish all of their territory. but they have focused more on the ttp, the pakistani taliban, than t

pakistan, india has suffered a great deal from terrorism which emanated from pakistan.istan now itself is a victim of terrorism and of course then there is afghanistan and i think there is a way that the relationship between our countries are inter-linked-in the sense it's quite symbolic that this visit comes when the prime minister had an official visit to kabul and on his way back he stopped at islamabad and you can say there is an understanding in india that the road to kabul goes by islamabad so the intention is not to look at relations in a zero sum sense but look at it in a cooperative sum sense. >> how do you think pakistan feels though about those attack helicopters that india handed over to afghanistan? >> well, pakistan should be happy meaning if pakistan says that they are with the afghan government and if they strengthen the capacity of the afghan government to deal with the rebels and insurgents pakistan should be happy because those helicopters do not really effect any kind of a balance with pakistan. they are pretty old machines. they are not very effecti

pakistan, india has suffered a great deal from terrorism which has emanated from pakistan.tan now itself is a victim of terrorism and of course then there is afghanistan and i think there is a way the relationship between our countries are int interlinked in the sense it's quite symbolic this comes when the prime minister had an official visit to kabul and on his way back he stopped over islamabad and you can say there is an understanding in india that the road to kabul goes by islamabad and so the intention is not to look at relations in ra zero sum sense but to look at it in a cooperative sum sense. and i suspect india will supply more military equipment to afghanistan to enhance the capacity of the afghan national army and the afghan national security forces. >>> earlier modi was this afghanistan capitol where he held talks with the president ghani and inaugurateed the new parliament building and build by india at an estimated cost of $90 million and also a gesture of cooperation. qatar's foreign minister has been meeting russian counterpart with moscow with syria on top

pakistan -- india has suffered a great deal from terrorism, which hazem nated from pakistan.n now itself is a victim of terrorism, and of course, then there is afghanistan, and i think there is awareness that the relationship between our countries are interinked, in the sense it's quite symbolic that this visit comes when the prime minister actually had an official visit to kabul, and on his way back he stopped over in islamabad, so you can say there is an understanding in india that the road to kabul goes via islamabad. so the intention is not to look at relations in a zero-sum sense but to look at it in a quarter-sum sense. and i expect they will supply more military equipment to afghanistan to enhance the power of the afghan security forces. >>> more afghan soldiers have been sent to helmand to fight the taliban. at least four districts in the province have slipped into taliban control. the army has been backed up by tribal fighters and u.s. air strikes. >>> [ inaudible ] is in helmand province close to the fighting. he says people have been trapped in the area by the conf

cnn traveling to her hometown in pakistan. that's next. >>> new information about tashfeen malik, the pakistani born woman who held murder 14 people in san bernardino with her husband. she was dedicated to isis on her facebook page. now looking into her past at the university of southern pakistan. we have sophia saifi with us. sophia, withhat can you tell us? >> reporter: what they know so far is relatives are there. we know the father left the village in the '80s and left to work as a construction worker in riyad. he called for family and she left when she was 1 year old along with the rest of the family. they are living in saudi arabia, except one sister which we learned in the united kingdom. apart from that, we know she went to the university which is the main town in the province in pakistan. we spoke to the spokesperson and he told us that tashfeen malik attended that university between 2007 and 2012. he said she was an ordinary student and did not stand out and was not involved in the clubs or sports clubs. she did not

so anything that helps pakistan against india, pakistan is willing to do that. in egypt since the '50s, what is known in egypt as the deep state or the establishment, the political elite, many of them coming from the military, have seen islamists in general as the other. they have no, you know, kind of confusion about that, and so in earlier in egypt they had engaged in lots of suppression of islamists and now we see the same thing. the only problem is that unlike pakistan, the islamists in egypt are much greater in number and much more moderate. the muslim brotherhood, morsi, who was the president for a short period of time may have made some strategic mistakes, but the muslim brotherhood as a party was generally much more moderate, and so for me it's really rolling back political evolution of egypt by so strongly coming against them. it's only going to create much greater authoritarianism and tyranny in egypt and the response to that tyranny is going to be we are in for a very bad time in egypt in the next eight, ten years because there will be more terrorism

>> so it would go on to pakistan and india. the latest agreement is through turkmenistan so there's still some negotiations to be done. >> i would be remiss if i did not note tomorrow afghanistan will be accepted into the world trade organization. it is an accomplishment several years in the making but it's very difficult journey to make the procedural am but little adjustments they have to make for the programs you describe to be productive and sustainable. >> i apologize i had to go in and out and i may be redundant. did you serve it usaid when we were in iraq? >> yes, sir,. >> we part of the reconstruction team? >> no sir. i was in baghdad. >> we were involved? >> yes. i served in iraq 2003 through march 2004 that was a predecessor. >> my recollection at the title of the hearing is the strategy but want to reflect back with my experience there. our strategy was to stabilize the country through soft power like usaid to win the people over to get the residual force to a high-security then to the independent free democracy and

>> we are right next to pakistan. >> india and pakistan were once one country, ripped apart in one ofo more fence? >> no more fences. >> so once you get past there, you can go straight into pakistan if you want? >> yeah. see, the problem is, the thing is, india is trying to stop people from coming in, the infiltrators, drug dealers, terrorists. >> udeh is working on a documentary about the india/pakistan border. >> no one wants to go to pakistan. >> no one wants to? >> no one in their right mind wants to go into pakistan. >> that's a fairly decisive statement. so they put up the fence but the fence is on the indian side. >> yeah. it's 150 meters from the border. >> so beyond that fence, still indian farmland. >> yes. >> so people who live over here can farm over there. >> can farm over there. >> the punjab is a fertile region in an otherwise very dry country. this is india's bread basket. with over a billion people currently residing in india, every inch of fertile punjabi soil has great value. these are people who own land over there. >> yes. >> then they put the fence. >> yes. >> su

the indian trade is not allowed to go through pakistan to afghanistan. that could possibly be one of the main agendas, given the fact afghanistan.g from at the same time, they did discuss in the national security advisor meeting that happened last month, they will resume the dialogue which was suspended for a few years in which they will talk about all of the conflicts there are. there might be some headway in that also, but most of the observers here in pakistan feel because it is a surprise visit, a short visit, there won't be in a breakthrough but there will be an outline of a plan for what to do next within pakistan and india. as we have seen the relationship has seen some improvement in the last be months. >> you touched on improvement. it is fair to say relations arif have notand sh been clear sailing. perhaps this could set them on the right track "france 24 definitely. we have been saying that ever since modi came in. -- modi.nt to the there is a contentious point between both countries, which is the mumbai attacks in 2008, india still says pakis

from the pakistan taliban across the border. the military has been successful to a large part, but still problems remain >>> thank you for that update >>> russia's defense ministry says it has fired missile towards syria from a submarine for the first time. it says the strikes hit weapon stores and oil assets in the i.s.i.l. stronghold of raqqa. russian media reported that the submarine arrived in waters on tuesday. syrian activists say the first lot of people have left the city of homs. that's the last rebel stronghold in toms which has been under siege for around two years now. world leaders are planning to meet in new york next week to discuss the war in syria. john carey made the announcement after holding talks with ban ki-moon. they are pushing for talks between rebels and the government by january 1. >> we talked about syria and the need for the u.n. negotiations to be able to begin and hopefully for a cease fire to take effect if we can achieve that >>> russia has cast doubts over those talks in new york. >> as far as we

investigators in pakistan have drawn a blank. there is no link, says its interior minister, between her and extremists in pakistan. malik was private and religious. her pakistani identity card has reports say she destroyed other photos that showed her without a veil. at college, she was devoutly muslim but no supporter of islamist violence. >> anyone who knows her can't expect that she can do such a thing. we were like, no, it can't be true. >> reporter: she spent five years at college in pakistan after growing up in saudi arabia. the university spokesman is adamant, malik was not radicalized there. >> radical approach or radical-minded culture. there is nothing like that. >> reporter: tashfeen malik is a complete mystery to intelligence agencies here in pakistan. she wasn't on any government watch list. she'd never done anything wrong, either here or in saudi arabia. she was from here, but as a terrorist, she sprang from nowhere. her family in pakistan is shocked. relative, she must have been influenced by someone. malik pledged

-pakistan relations. the committee has repeatedly urged pakistan to take meaningful action against key islamist terrorist groups operating within its territory. unfortunately, pakistan which is home to the world fastest-growing nuclear weapons program, has remained a fount of radical islamist thought. it was no surprise that one of the san bernardino attackers, tashfeen malik, studied and a pakistani school. 9/11 terroristhe attacks transformed u.s.- pakistan relations overnight. after more than a decade under sanctions, pakistan was to be a key ally in combating islamist militancy, becoming a leading

this is the fifth conference that is happening here in pakistan. the president arrived early in the morning. he was given a 21-gun salute, the heads of the ministry all there. everyone was focused on how to find a settlement to the conflict, something which is of grave concern not just are for pakistan but the region at large as well. so focus is, of course, on how to restore stability and peace in afghanistan and how to improve economic coordination and economic dealings with each other. the president is touching upon the fact that the indians have been a port in iran and talked about the future of the gas pipeline which will, of course, benefit pakistan and eventually india as well >>> afghanistan struggles with-- if the country struggles with taliban, how is their forces coping? >> reporter: the pakistan military says it is going as planned, but the president spoke about the operation saying that it had unintended consequences for the country that 350 to 500,000 people were affected by this conflict, crossed over to the other side. he mentioned

after that, the indian foreign minister came to pakistan. modi's visit to pakistan is indeed seen as a significant step, although several problems and issues still remain unresolved. >> interesting, you talk about the problems and the issues unresolved. they can't surely discuss their relationship with central accusations, people say there is influence exerted with the taliban inside afghanistan, deliberately so to keep india from getting traction in afghanistan. if they can't deal with that, how can they deal with the relationship? >> that is an excellent question, because you have to look at the fact that modi was flying back from kabul. we are told that behind the scenes, they would have talked about kabul, the pakistani military chief is due to visit kabul in the next two days. the indian prime minister also touched upon the key fact that pakistan could become a conduit, a bridge for trade to central asia. recently, the indian leadership, the pakistani prime minister were in turkmenistan. what india wants to see, improved relationships,

her family in pakistan is shocked. i can't believe it, says a relative, she must have been influenced by someone. malik pledged allegiance to the leader of isis on facebook just before the massacre. it seems no one suspected. >> she was like the girl next door. you know, the sweet, innocent kind. the kind that's always smiling. you know, nice to you. you would never, ever guess that that girl would have ties to isis. >> reporter: there's no evidence isis directed her or even knew who she was. pakistan's most radical mosque, where other women pledged allegiance to isis, denies any links with her. it's not clear whether she radicalized her husband or the other way around. either way, both took up arms and became mass murderers together. well, her background here tells us who she was but not how or why she went from a softly spoken suburban mom with a 6-month-old daughter to a massed killer dressed in black. her life is such a mystery. we may never know all the answers. kate? >> bill neely in pakistan tonight. as we said

this is happening at a time when talks between afghanistan and pakistan were at a standstill, so pakistan will be hoping to revive the peace talks by facilitating talks between the afghan taliban and the afghan government, but there were serious problems. no one expected that this particular conference would be ail to deal with that, but one thing is important, that the afghan government has expressed a desire to continue with that dialogue, because a military solution is not a viable solution and eventually, everybody has to come to the negotiating table. the difficult task for pakistan, however, will be to convince the of a goon taliban once again to come to the negotiating table in order to find lasting peace for their war-torn country. >> hundreds of rebel fighters and their families have started to leave the syrian city of homs as part of a ceasefire deal between with the government. >> this is the result of more than two years of sporadic and difficult negotiations, hundreds of people, including fighters and their families are leaving this district in the city of homs. it was the la