palestine today is fortunate in a way. they are within a 1,000 mile radius of a 200 million population of countries, relatively wealthy that could be a good base for trade. trade agreements and opening of trade with that part of the world is important first and foremost it has to start with infrastructure. infrastructure plays an important role both long-term and into creating a viable sustainable palestinian economy but also in the short-term infrastructure employs a lot of workers and that goes into easing the poverty and the challenges that the palestinians have today >> there's no doubt these opportunities are there, but at the end of the day it requires leadership to move the dial. when you have the israelis and palestinians not attending, when you have so many variables within the palestinians, whether it's hamas, the palestinian authority, all of them very, very negative about the president's plan here and jared kushn kushner's plan how do you see this playing out? opportunities are there, but making them a reality

and for the people of the region this is not just investment in palestine, it's investment in jordan, lebanon and in other areas. this is about economic opportunities. and as i said, there's a path that people really see is very doable steve schwarzman said yesterday, you know, the $5 billion of investment into palestine alone, that is one or two deals for them there's a big commitment with the right governance and environment that people are excited about the economic prospects of the company >> i was discussing i had comments yesterday he was basically saying the palestinian territories are like singapore decades ago. he said low on natural resources, high on human capital and human potential. but at the end of the day, dubai and singapore had real leadership the question for the palestinians and the israelis now is is the right leadership in place to get a political solution that could lead to this kind of economic prosperity that you're looking for will this take a different leader than benjamin netanyahu to get this done >> let me say i think this is both top-down leadership and

in the occupied west bank a major project is underway by the palestine museum to collect and digitize hundreds of thousands of items of historical significance in the face of continuing historical denial palestinians are finding other ways to preserve collective memory archival. to really record. these histories and stories has been from the very beginning part of the palestinian struggle for memory and to a certain extent for liberation there is no single authoritative palestinian archives that may be a blessing in disguise because the more voices and the more multiplicity we have i think all of those things are sources of richness not poverty and the host have a taste i don't think that palestinian history should be deprived of documents and evidence it is important to return the material to the owners so that it won't be me someone with privilege and access who writes the palestinians history but rather palestinian researchers themselves israeli society must learn to respect a knowledge and understand palestinian society and its history because without that there is no future for t

palestine is also music. palestine is also cinema. palestine is also other stuff.nd people don't see that. you know what? we're not victims in here. we're not victimizing ourselves. he>> yang:sraeli network of fences, walls and checkpoints, which israel says keeps it safe, restricts the flow nle only of peop, but also of culture. ♪ ♪ ♪ ifall i need in this le is to be free, free ♪ free from this gate but i need a key, key ♪ >> yang: the rap group ettijah is made of four young women who grew up in a refugee c bethlehem. diala shaheen says they're challenging the status quo of israeli control of the west bank. >> ( translated ): i mean, we suffer through the occupation, at the enof the day. we decided to rap because it is a peaceful way to cope. we like rap because it is a way to express ourselves, and to express ourselves and everhing at happened with us as freedom young women. as refugees, we experience occupation every day. >> yang: the group recently vreleased a museo for their song, "bala hdood," arabic for "without walls." >> ( translated ): we experience chall

or any other power as could be offering head to palestine to to try and come up with a deal that they would be happy with well they're not going to offer the palestinians any deal they would be happy with i remember of her for a number of years the united states along with many other countries was was married to the so-called 2 state solution there would be a sovereign palestine and it's already israel and i think that was a no nonstarter for the very beginning that the israelis were never going to accept that and even though the americans released on the obama administration i believe going to the bush administration where we're willing to accept the idea of a 2 state solution for peace or at least never would and given the strength of the israelis have with the american political class i mean zat was a dead idea from the start and frankly i have my doubts even under the best of circumstances whether that would have been viable jim good to speak to him i guess the sound seemed generous former u.s. diplomat thank you. as syria returns to recover from 8 years of conflict it seems a new

israel palestine director of human rights watch is the trick here is good to have you on the show and thank you very much for your time. thank you for having me now i know that human rights watch has had a number of its staff members deported from countries that are usually thought of as authoritarian regimes but to have a similar possibility happened in that democratic country i think it's quite remarkable what got you in trouble with the israeli leadership israeli government going back several years now has been restricting human rights watch as access to both israel and the west bank it began actually several years ago in february of 2017 when the israeli government denied human rights watch a permit to have a foreign employee at the time they allege that human rights watch was engaged in propaganda for palestinians we went public it generated pressure the government relented and then last year the government accused me as the israel palestine director of human rights watch of promoting boycotts in israel we sued a court froze the deportation order and in court the government cited

to divest its entire interest and operate a ship in the gaza marine license offshore palestine. then you are called has been working at the middle east since to 2014 when i was working on this investigation 2015 the palestinian authority didn't seem to want to talk to me about this topic and i called up several different places i called up the palestinian vestment fund and i tried to figure out who was in charge of this file even i i had trouble even finding out who was in charge of the gas strategy my sense of why they didn't want to talk to me as a couple of sources told me this this topic is very sensitive you know it's very touchy don't touch it nobody's going to want to talk to you about it. but. over the course of reporting the story i didn't really get the sense that actually it was it was sensitive it was more that i don't think anybody actually knew what the strategy was and therefore nobody wanted to take responsibility on the record for what they were or weren't doing in relation to the married. woman at the had that are. with the poppy and i think. the. layout of sha

jewish communities had existed in palestine for centuries. beginning in 1920 large numbers of jews most of them from europe began immigrating to the region . zionist organizations demanded that a national home for jewish people should be created in palestine. during the war britain had said that any new jewish state should not disrupt existing arab communities britain made these and other promises to win arab support against the ottomans. the british officer t.e. lawrence better known as lawrence of arabia served as a liaison between the british and arab forces. in november $921.00 the jewish agency for palestine was created to oversee jewish interests in the region zionist leader and future israeli president hi invites man noted at the time palestine will be as jewish as an england is english and america is america. the seeds of the conflicts between palestinian jews and arabs had been so. in 1920 tensions were running high in constantinople now known as istanbul. immediately after the armistice allied troops occupied the city by this time a

in the occupied west bank a major project is underway by the palestine museum to collect and digitize hundreds of thousands of items of historical significance in the face of continuing historical denial palestinians are finding other ways to preserve collective memory archival. to really record. these histories and stories has been from the very beginning part of the palestinian struggle for memory and to a certain extent for liberation there is no single authoritative palestinian archive that may be a blessing in disguise because the more voices and the more multiplicity we have i think all of those things are sources of richness not poverty and the host have a choice though i don't think that palestinian history should be deprived of documents and evidence it is important to return the material to the owners so that it won't be me someone with privilege and access who writes the palestinians history but rather palestinian researchers themselves israeli society must learn to respect knowledge and understand palestinian society and its history because without that there is no future

generated pressure the government relented and then last year the government accused me as the israel palestine director of human rights watch of promoting boycotts in israel we sued a court froze the deportation order and in court the government cited as evidence human rights watch is research regarding the activities of businesses and settlements and the court just in april affirmed that the deportation was legally valid and gave me 2 weeks to leave and we've now appealed to the israeli supreme court i know that the are now waiting this is supreme court's decision on whether or not there should be allowed to stand work within the country but it comes at a time when politically israelis say quite at a crossroads especially considering benjamin netanyahu is future political future do you think this political uncertainty in israel will have any bearing on the case absolutely i mean i think it's not a coincidence that the supreme court a scheduled our hearing for november 11th these really israelis will go to elections on september 17th the process to form a government usually takes around 6 week

insisting any solution must focus on creating jobs christine lagarde says growth is shrinking in palestine with unemployment at 30 to 50 percent in the occupied west bank and gaza . you have a very very. quickly growing population about 5 millions at the moment between the 2. territories probably going to double from 5 to 10 millions in 2050 that's the estimate and in 203060 percent of the population will be working age which is great and bad great if the jobs are there difficult if there is no climate nor can patient for those young people coming to the market senior white house adviser general who on will be $50000000000.00 economic blueprint on tuesday called accords the opportunity of the century for palestinians my direct message to the palestinian people is that despite what those who have let you down in the past tell you president trump and america have not given up on you this workshop is for you the vision we developed and released if executed correctly will lead to a better future for the palestinian people a future of dignity prosperity and opportunity you can change your cours

also called judea and samaria, also called palestine.ave moved here. all in contravention of international law. many in contravention of israeli law, though in effect, it seems to make little difference. they're here, and in ever larger numbers. this is noam, one of our drivers from tel aviv, who i asked about the graffiti on this house near the settlements. >> anthony: so, what is price tagging? >> noam: if something happens in the settlement or some attack towards jews, kids from the settlements would come and have a price tag for every activity. so they'll come to a palestinian village like this and they will destroy cars. they will write on walls like this. it says, "against arabs, the state of israel is alive and death to the arabs." >> anthony: intimidating. i mean you put what, two targets on my house, i'm moving. >> anthony: this is eli, a settlement with a population of over 3,000. relatively isolated from the rest of israel. amind cohen is the chief executive of the eli settlement and its former head of security. >> amind: here

would get 30 percent but verver palestine investment fund would get only 10 percent . the palestinian authority also gave the developers exclusive frights for the discovery exhibition and marketing of the oil and gas in the gaza offshore area. what the 3 got further can to oversee was a very close. which said that the palestinians were obliged to inform israel of any oil and gas exploration and the production in the palestinian territories. this contract was never submitted to the palestinian legislative council or published in local newspapers. but yasser arafat signed the contract. as did my head a mussy then minister of economy and a trade and how to be some sort then a chairman. of the palestinian petroleum with 30. i know and the. fact. is either that or i called both model muscly and had to be some sort to ask for more details. we did send a message but unfortunately he didn't reply. what . sort of. a letter would that sort of. mean. in a climate of how. it british gas is now owned by real dutch and asked them to comment on the negotiations and contract with the

the paper been gathering across palestine to speak out against washington so-called deal of the century a series of protests in gaza and the occupied west bank will coincide with this week's summit in brain that's where the senior white house adviser jared cushion is expected to reveal details of his plan for palestine israel's prime minister says he'll give it fair consideration palestinian leaders though they are boycotting the meeting and. i don't think it will be any results from the minimal workshop because it was built on wrong foundations what is built on falsehood is false the minimal workshop came to solve the problem but what problem you cannot make problem but there is a political problem it cannot make problem with who for example when they say they want to give the palestinians an amount of money for the palestinians they should have been into tina statehood so you need to 1st recognize the state after that you can save this state needs this and that as a correspondent made it bring him in has been to one of the protests in the occupied west bank this is her report from ram

the nation and a vast part of settlements will be controlled by israel a major point of concern palestine isn't even attending the conference and is strongly criticizing the plan. first lift the siege of gaza stop the israeli taft of our land resources and funds give us our freedom of movement and control over our borders and space territorial waters that cetera then watch us build a vibrant prosperous economy is a free and sovereign people thousands of palestinians are taking to the streets of gaza to protest against the plan to misstate is burned u.s. flags in the american presidents portrayed was marked with the words deal of the devil demanding a complete boycott of the bahrain conference of former palestinian education minister someplace i don't just simply doesn't care about palestine's interests but former israeli ambassador to the u.s. down the aisle on thinks the deal is a chance to finally reach peace. but the main concern is the surge would leave the fact that the army is bypassing the wishes of the palestinian people is bypassing the u.n. resolutions and is imposing the americ

the trump administration's middle east peace plan is rejected by palestine with critics accusing washington of trying to bribe arabs into making political concessions to the israelis. also this hour the parents of a critically ill palestinian infant taken from gaza a better player toppled in israel are being denied access to their children but exit permits much harder to obtain for adults. a very warm welcome to the program from all of us here at r t h q in moscow thanks for joining us this hour. the u.s. is piling more pressure on iran with a new round of major sanctions to hit tehran later on monday the escalation comes in response to iran's downing of a u.s. military surveillance drone which the islamic republic says violated its airspace but washington has expressed doubts over who is a really to blame for the attack we expect the president to announce an additional round of sanctions in response to iran's downing of an american unmanned vehicle president also had doubts as to whether or not the downing of our unmanned aircraft was actually authorized at the highest levels but we're not

directions also to come a middle east peace plan hailed as the century by donald trump is rejected by palestine critics say it's trying to bribe arabs into making political concessions to these regimes and the parents of critically ill augustinian influence taken from gas it's a better good hospitals in israel are being denied access to their children that's it it's much harder to obtain for adults plus also to come peacefully and you are at loggerheads over the country's mounting debt with deputy prime minister matthew salvini threatening to resign that is writing proposes a new kind of financial boom which brussels sees as a threat to the euro. hello good afternoon welcome you're watching r.t. international now the u.s. is piling more pressure on iran with a new round of major sanctions to hit to iran later on monday the escalation comes in response to iran's downing of the u.s. military surveillance drone which the republic says violated its airspace but washington has expressed doubts over who is really to blame for the attack. we expect the president to announce an additional round of sanc

come the middle east peace plan titled why doesn't trump is the deed of the centuries rejected by palestine critics say it's trying to bribe arabs into making political concessions to the israelis and the parents of critically ill palestinian infants taken from garza to better equipped hospitals in israel are being denied access to their children with the exit permit much harder to obtain radel us also to come easily in the you are lucky loggerheads over the country's mounting debt with deputy prime minister matthew sell dini threatening to resign that is rome proposes a new kind of financial form which brussels sees as a threat to the euro. hello there good morning just on 11 o'clock here in moscow you're watching r.t. international now the u.s. is piling more pressure on iran with a new round of major sanctions to hit around later on monday yes collation comes in response to iran's downing of a u.s. military surveillance drone which the islamic republic says violated its airspace but washington has expressed doubts over who's really to blame for the attack. we expect the president to anno

explains why palestine already rejected what trump is billed as the deal of the century. is trump not generous not fair and merciful who outs would offer palestinians such generous conditions such great perks and amazing bonuses that someone else is presumably going to pay for it don't call it the deal of the century for nothing you know and just as with all great deals it's totally secret political side and the economic side are 2 very robust efforts our thought was that it was better to put the economic plan 1st makes sense when you are offered a job anyone would 1st want to know how much you get paid rather than what the job is and this pays great $50000000000.00 an investment though they have no idea where that's going to come from a 1000000 jobs in what's left of palestine unemployment slashed to shreds and still the palestinians are unhappy 1st lift the siege of gaza stop the israeli theft of our land resources and funds give us our freedom of movement and control over our own borders and space territorial waters etc then watch us build a vibrant prosperous economy

president i'm son and the reason for washington's latest plan to solve the israel palestine conflict jared cushion a spoke at a peace conference in bahrain. economic growth and prosperity for the palestinian people are not possible without an enduring and fair political solution to the conflict one that guarantees israel's security and respects the dignity of the palestinian people. however today is not about the political issues will get to those at the right time good to the white house the project would pump $50000000000.00 into middle east economies the us says that the news will cut poverty help life quality and create millions of jobs the plan also includes some more controversial points that have been leaked by the israeli media or the ones in new palestine have no army serving the nation and a vast part of settlements will be controlled by israel which is a major point of concern of palestine is not even attending the conference and is strongly criticizing the plan. 1st lift the siege of gaza stop the israeli theft of our land resources and funds give us our freedom of moveme

welcome back to worlds apart with marsha care israel and palestine director at human rights watch mr sze care as you mentioned before is really israel supreme court has frozen the your expulsion order. you still have a couple of months to stay in israel but if you lose i are you planning to do your work from some other location or will you have to find another special a specialized nation we will not let any government whether it be the egyptian the saudi the israeli the russian will not let any government dictate who covers human rights abuses for us and that country so even if i'm deported will continue to do the same work using the same tools covering the same subjects with the same intensity and vigor as we currently do of course not having access to israel and palestine will mean will hurt victims of human rights abuse that will lose access to a respected. international rights group it will mean having less direct contact with affected governments including the israeli government but it won't change the way we work we're consistent and unfortunately with israel we've been docume

to divest its entire interests and operate a ship in the gaza marine license offshore palestine. then you are called has been working at the middle east since 22014 when i was working on this investigation 2015 the palestinian authority didn't seem to want to talk to me about this topic and i called up several different places i called up the palestinian vestment fund and i tried to figure out who was in charge of this file even i i had trouble even finding out who was in charge of the gas strategy my sense of why they didn't want to talk to me as a couple of sources told me this topic is very sensitive you know it's very touchy don't touch it nobody's going to want to talk to you about it. but. over the course of reporting the story i didn't really get the sense that actually it was it was sensitive it was more that i don't think anybody actually knew what the strategy was and therefore nobody wanted to take responsibility on the record for what they were or weren't doing in relation to you as a married. woman at the had that i. did with the poppy and i think. what is. the. lay

to divest its entire interests and operate a ship in the gaza marine license offshore palestine. then we are called has been working at the middle east since to 2014 when i was working on this investigation 2015 the palestinian authority didn't seem to want to talk to me about this topic and i called up several different places i called up the palestinian vestment fund and i tried to figure out who was in charge of this file even i i had trouble even finding out who was in charge of the gas strategy my sense of why they didn't want to talk to me as a couple of sources told me this topic is very sensitive you know it's very touchy don't touch it nobody's going to want to talk to you about it. but. over the course of reporting this story i didn't really get the sense that actually it was it was sensitive it was more that i don't think anybody actually knew what the strategy was and therefore nobody wanted to take responsibility on the record for what they were or weren't doing in relation to marry. the man at the head that i'm. with the poppy and i think. the. layout of shape. was

people in government and palestine anyway you know doing all that closing our embassy the u.s. consulate giving as i enjoy most of them but if usually is the settlements all of a sudden are not illegal and not the lobs the kind of the issue of border those giving them the golan heights and only 3 days ago the national security bulletin was in the jordan valley telling them that i mean. now they would indorse has control of the strategic reservoir the most important for thought area that we rely on to build our state and then they tell you there's a whale is a happy now we can make peace what peace there's nothing left for us and it's all about keep feeding. them the aus grocery list if you may for actually winning elections that's all about it and we wonder maybe is no i mean that the neo is running out actually of items from the palestinian pockets he took everything in advance from trump perhaps for the people meeting and behind and maybe and i'm not joking enough that i will seek now some sort of a control over as an early warning site or something because that will help him

will not be sold we cling to our right of return to palestine we claim to the land of our ancestors this is our right till the end of time when. the deal of the century is not new for the palestinians are 5 who continue whether they agree or not we don't care about what's happening we have men and refugees in europe and all around the world and they will never let go of palestine everything that's happening now is nonsense our weapons are pointed at the zionist enemy and palestinians feel the united states is not an honest broker and they believe that its alliance with israel means that any settlement that they propose will be tilted in favor of the israelis and the question they ask here is that if they care so much about our economic conditions then why don't they live to see. on gaza and why did the u.s. administration decide to cut funding to the united nations relief and works agency i know which is the only organization providing help to these people living on the host country is also not attending the back room conference in solidarity with the palestinians lebanese officials

will not be sold we cling to our right of return to palestine we claim to the land of our ancestors this is our right till the end of time when. the deal of the century is not new for the palestinians are 5 to continue whether they agree or not we don't care about what's happening we have men and refugees in europe and all around the world and they will never let go of palestine everything that's happening now is nonsense our weapons are pointed at the zionist enemy. palestinians feel the united states is not an honest broker they believe that its alliance with israel means that any settlement that they propose will be tilted in favor of the israelis and the question they ask here is that if they care so much about our economic conditions then why don't they live this. on gaza and why did. decide to. do united nations relief and works agency which is the only organization providing help to these people 11 on the host countries also not attending the conference in solidarity with the palestinians lebanese officials fear that the deal of the century of the so-called deal of the centur

and people have been gathering across palestine to speak out against washington so-called deal of the century a series of protests and counter in the occupied west bank will coincide but this week's summit in bahrain where details of trump's middle east peace plan will be unveiled that's on tuesday. now the front runner to become the next u.k. prime minister is under growing pressure to face public scrutiny more from a london new center with barbara starr. come on thank you yes forrest johnson is avoiding another leadership debate and he's yet to comment on alleged altercation with his girlfriend last week if johnson becomes fry minister or some conservative party members a warning even those confidence felt aaronson has more now from bridge. over to guns and lies heathrow airport local people have to live with all this noise and pollution and most of furious at a new gigantic expansion plan which would lead to villages like this one simply being quiet about. boris johnson's own constituency would be directly affected he vowed years ago to stand with the protesters or even lie down wi

people in government and palestine anyway you know doing all that closing our embassy the u.s. consulate giving as i enjoy most of them but if usually is the settlements all of a sudden are not illegal and not an obstacle the issue of borders giving them the golan heights and only 3 days ago the national security bulletin was in the jordan valley it telling that the now they would indorse has control of the strategic reservoir the most important for thought area that we rely on to build our state and then they tell you there's an idealism happy now we can make peace what peace there's nothing left for us and it's all about keep feeding. the ows grocery list if you may for actually winning elections that's all about it and we wonder maybe is now i mean that i mean i was running out actually of items from the palestinian pockets he took everything in advance from from perhaps for the people meeting and behind and maybe and i'm not talking enough money i will seek now some sort of a control of a high end as an early warning site or something because that will help him and the elec

of hand they haven't even bothered to go into any of the details on the hunt on a showing of the palestine liberation organization but out a statement saying the plan is abstract promises the palestinian president mahmoud abbas said on saturday that without a political solution there is no point in even talking about anything to do with the economy and hamas which controls the gaza strip simply said palestine is not for sale those opposed to the this plan our fairly fixed with one particular idea and that is that the poor infrastructure and the poor economy that palestine is suffering is directly attributable they say to the blockade in the restrictions that are being imposed by israel if you remove the blockade if you remove those restrictions then the economy will have room to flourish but removing those restrictions is a political decision along with all the other elements that the palestinians would like to see like for example a right of return to the land that they believe is theirs plus the removal of israel's settlements here in the west bank and other parts of the controls in othe

is not for sale those opposed say the economic problems of palestine are created by the blockades by the restrictions that israel is placing on palestine israel says those are in place for security reasons but the palestinians say if you remove those security restrictions then it will be a chance for the economy to grow but only at that point ok rob matheson in west jerusalem thank you as promised abraham fried out with and syrian studio associate professor of conflict resolution at the doha institute there is a lot of conflict to resolve yet i don't know that you and i are going to do it in 2 or 3 minutes but let's talk about 1st what what rob was discussing there the fact that and i'm loath to say deal of the century because i think that is a that's a branding exercise from the trumpet ministration but this deal this cushion a plan it's an economic plan as rob was pointing out it doesn't actually look at the issues which have given rise to the economic problems just as well it's 3rd the money at the problem. why yes you are absolutely right kiran and that's actually the very image

a leader that wrote the art of the deal israel palestine. if you're going to make it that probably is the hardest deal there is to make and i'm a very good deal make i believe me if you can't make a good deal with a politician then there's something wrong with you any great deal maker needs a great problem to solve obvious no north korea rocket should have been handled a long time ago. we were going to do it. because we really have no choice to regional local the china trade deal is too mundane and above average dealmaker would be good enough to solve it trump is a. 8 dealmaker and he needs the greatest problem israeli palestinian conflict you're not going to support me even though you know i'm the best thing that could ever happen to israel and i shall be that they have so much in common trump and bibi egos self righteousness and their struggles against humility trump loves b.b. and b.b. loves trump jarrad pushed up trumps southern law also jewish is now in israel and he's got it the plan the solution the deal of the century we appreciate a

agency for palestine refugees until 2015 in tel aviv we have amir oren he is a defense and government commentator also in tel aviv we have yossi melman he is a senior israeli security writer and commentator gentlemen crossed rules in effect that means you can jump in anytime you want and i always appreciate let's go to embassador peter in manchester. how what's your reception of questioners a deal i mean let's be clear with our audience here that this is the economic part of it where other parts are going to be released in short order but it's very difficult to conceive having an economic plan of this magnitude we don't know where the money is going to come from we don't know who's going to pay for it we really don't know who is going to benefit from it if it comes to fruition but how can you have a plan like this without a political framework to move forward because there's a military occupation of palestinian lands i mean how can you talk about infrastructure when you haven't dealt with that issue go ahead peter. absolutely i don't think this plan is. if you read $96.00 pages of thi

it's gone it's our rights to defend palestine this is always outraged and tell us you know it's about that. in response to the annual protest germany's anti semitism commission a call for all germans to take to the streets in solidarity with jews and israel some protesters jews and non jews a keeper they see as protest was made all the most significant after a reported increase in anti-semitic crimes especially damage my aim is to end all this against the jews since they are no longer targeted i think it's a disgrace for germany. we want to make it clear statement against stay every year as they march through berlin and spread their anti-semitic and empty zionist slogans. so members of the jewish community was skeptical of the pro israel protest in general supporting palestinian rights and criticizing the state of israel and holding the state of israel accountable for its actions is in no way anticipate eric and i'm actually quite offended when. people make that conflation between anti-semitism and criticism of israel. these demonstrations carry a just a small part of a much wider a m