pallab ghosh, bbc news.o with the world's climate scientists calling for urgent action, what can you do, on a day—by—day level, to help make a difference? one way is to eat less meat, because meat production produces a huge proportion of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. rather than drive to work, walk, ride a bike or take public transport to reduce your carbon footprint. another option is to fly less. air travel pumps carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. insulating your home properly is another good way to save energy and help the planet. putting solar panels on your roof can make your energy consumption more sustainable over the long—term. and using led lights — which often last up to ten years — is another practical way to make your home more energy efficient. those are things you can be thinking about. but who will be changing the way they live? we asked some shoppers on oxford street in central london today how they had adapted their lifestyle in the face of global warming. not enough. you know, i tr

pallab ghosh, bbc news, lausanne.ing i spoke to drjocelyne bloch — who you saw in that report. she's one of the neurosurgeons who surgically inserted the implant into david m'zee. i began by asking her where in the spine the implant actually is. the are located at the spinal—cord. then you stimulate is located around the belly and around the skin there. we have heard about robotic skeletons, which in the past have shown people how to move. how does this differ and why has it been so successful? 50 it is not really a robotic skeleton, but the candidate has the stimulation on the spinal cord that is activating the muscles of his leg. so when he wants to walk, the stimulation is helping him to put one foot in front of the other and is facilitating him to walk. what is so different about it this time? it's it all about co—ordinating their message to the brain with the nerve ending? what is it all about? when he wants to step in and he is activating his muscles in the robot. everything is passive, it is activated by himsel

pallab ghosh, bbc news, lausanne. a brief look at some of the day's other new stories... has been charged following an investigation into the deaths and illnesses of babies at a number of hospitals. it faces seven counts of supplying a medicinal product which was not of the nature or quality specified. it's also been charged with breaching the health and safety act. ith pharma says it will defend the case vigorously. jaguar land rover has announced a pre—tax loss of £90 million for the third quarter of the year, after sales fell 13%. it blamed reduced demand in china, as well as uncertainty in european markets about the future of diesels and brexit. channel 4 has announced it's moving its headquarters and 200 jobs from london to leeds. the broadcaster also confirmed it will set up creative hubs in bristol and glasgow, with 50 staff moving to each. the son of the former leicester city owner, vichai srivaddhanaprabha, has thanked people for their overwhelming support following his father's death in a helicopter crash on saturday night. his comments came as images emerged of

pallab ghosh, bbc news, lausanne. what an incredible story. directorjohn waters and movies hairspray or pink flamingos probably come to mind. but when he's not behind the camera, the baltimore native is also an artist. not to anyone's surprise his works push the envelope — using photographs, sculptures and video. over 160 pieces are now on display at the baltimore museum of art. he's been speaking to us about the exhibit. music. everybody knows that contemporary art can be witty. but can it be funny? and i think it can be funny and still be real and still be good. indecent kind of goes along with some of the pieces in here and my sense of humour and my whole reputation. yes, they can be vulgar, but there could be bad taste in art and be funny. and there could be good and all contemporary art uses a little bad taste i think because contemporary art's job is to wreck the movement that came right before it. i loved ike and tina turner when they were together — i know that that's bad to say because he was horrible with her and she could've killed

0ur science correspondent pallab ghosh reports.pcc has warned of two possible futures for our planet. in the two degree world there is severe drought, more flooding in the northern hemisphere, people are poorer and have less food, and all the coral in our seas has gone. as things stand, that is the world we are heading towards, the scientists are heading towards, the scientists are warning. one of the clear m essa 9 es are warning. one of the clear m essa g es of are warning. one of the clear messages of this report is that inevitably, at the rate we are going, it is quite likely we will release too much carbon, burn more carbon than we can afford to burn if we are going to stabilise temperatures at 1.5 degrees so we have to work out how to get rid of carbon dioxide. to avoid damaging global warming, the scientists are calling for much more renewable energy. the development of transport that uses less fuel, and new ways to ta ke that uses less fuel, and new ways to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. all of that is happening

pallab ghosh, bbc news, lausanne.s the location for the new national headquarters for channel 4. greater manchester and birmingham had also been in the running. bristol and glasgow have been selected as new creative hubs for the organisation. around 200 staff will be moved out of london to the new hubs, although channel 4 will also retain its presence in the capital. alex mahon, who's the chief executive of channel 4, has been explaining why leeds was picked. first of all, think about what we're trying to do as channel 4. we want to spend a quarter of a billion of money extra howson of london, said update national headquarters to help us update national headquarters to help us do that, step the senior decision makers from channel 4 and anyone to get the news to co—locate with us so we can cover more news from outside of light, which has not been done before. and we sent out a process for this with a rigorous, clear criteria and we felt that leeds would help us with this. is it more about what leeds can either channel

pallab ghosh, bbc news, lausanne.cientists, who could this technology eventually help? as you say, the pictures in the report speakfor say, the pictures in the report speak for themselves, people with spinal injuries will wonder what it means for them. as ever with these developments it will be sometime before it's widely available treatment. currently the system, good as it is, is too expensive, too unreliable and only suitable for some people with limited nerve connection to the legs. but researchers hope to improve the system and as i said hope to have trials in the uk in three years' time other parts of the world. the key point about this development is that it shows for the first time that it shows for the first time that paralysis can be reversed, at least to some degree in patients that have been paralysed for several yea rs that have been paralysed for several years and the hope is that it will be more effective in people that have been entered more recently. thank you. theresa may has added her backing to the

pallab ghosh, bbc news, lausanne.back to the caravan in mexico. donald trump has reiterated calls for a group of thousands of central american migrants who are making their way to the southern border of the united states to turn around. the government is deploying thousands of troops to the southern border of the united states, to stop the caravan of migrants. some 7,000 migrants, who've been on the road for more than a fortnight, are currently in southern mexico. we understand a large proportion have taken aside in mexico, only about 2500 travelling to the border. 0ur correspondent will grant has been travelling alongside them. so far, they've refused to be blown off course. but the remaining obstacles may prove much greater than the inclement weather. president trump has described these migrants as an invasion and the pentagon has announced more than 5,000 troops will be sent to the border to meet them when they arrive. at this rate, that's at least seven weeks away. at least several weeks away. most are adamant it

pallab ghosh, bbc news. the energy minister claire perry — who joins us from luxembourg. thank you very much the being with us. thank you very much the being with us. what is the british government going to do in response to this very alarming report, because that's the moment the government is not on track to meet its long—term climate commitments, is it? i think it is important to know that we are one of the only countries in the world that actually have long—term climate commitments, due a diverse country to pass the climate change act, and will we hit our budget, we will have cut our emissions by almost 60%, and iam here cut our emissions by almost 60%, and i am here at the eu ministers meeting to talk about what we need to do in europe collectively. i ee, to do in europe collectively. i agree, the report was very stark and sobering, and a science lead piece of analysis that showed the cost of waiting to lament these changes. i think we are one of the first major development countries to actually ask our

pallab ghosh reports from switzerland. david's doctor said he'd never work again.alps, he's able to travel more than half a mile. and implant around his spine has changed his life. to me, it means a lot. i think you've got to try to do the impossible to make the possible possible. i'm surprised over and over again when we really get there. it's a lot of fun, and it feels very good. this is david training with his implant a year ago. stim on means it's turned on. when it's turned off, he can't move. back on and he continues to walk. nerves in the spinal—cord send signals from the brain to the legs. some people are paralysed when they're damaged through injury. in most cases, there's still a small signal, but it's too weak to create a movement. the implant boosts the signal, enabling david to walk. not only that, the restored movement seems to repair some of the damaged nerves. and here's the result. david walks eight paces with the implant turned off. what was very unexpected was the spinal—cord repair that we have observed. and we need to understand the underlying

pallab ghosh reports. cern, a world—leading particle physics lab just outside geneva.ur of subatomic particles. relatively few of them are women. so the management here organised a workshop to attract more female researchers. at the meeting, alessandro strumia told an audience of young female scientists that physics was invented and built by men, not by invitation. he also showed cartoons making fun of women campaigning for equality in science and presented an analysis that he claimed showed there was no sexism in physics. i have made the simple checks i believe everybody should have done before making this claim. and with some surprise i find it is the opposite. if you are to be hired it is easier if you are women than men. drjessica wade was at the meeting. she was upset and angry at what she heard. i think it's damaging because it tells a whole generation of young scientists who are working in high—energy physics and physics more broadly, that senior people in authority think that women are inferior and shouldn't be trying out for these positions and shouldn't be do

he has been suspended by cern, as our science correspondent, pallab ghosh, reports. the universe works. relatively few of them are women. in an effort to change this, the company held a workshop. there, this man presented an analysis which she claims showed that particle physics research published by men was more widely cited and so better than that by women. he also showed cartoons making fun of those campaigning fora cartoons making fun of those campaigning for a quality in physics. leading physicists have studied his presentation and found it to be scientifically unsound. and contradictory to research produced by experts in the field. in an online statement they say, the professor's argument are morally reprehensible and reveals a deep co nte m pt reprehensible and reveals a deep contempt for more than half of humanity. in response, the professor has said that the high energy physics community is about 100 times bigger than the number who have signed the statement. he added that the signatories mostly come from those countries more affected by political correctnes

0ur science correspondent pallab ghosh reports.o possible futures for our planet. in the 2 degrees world, there is severe drought. there is more flooding in the northern hemisphere. people are poorer and have less food. all of the coral in our seas has gone. as things stand, that is the world that we heading towards, scientists warn. one of the very clear messages of this report is that inevitably, at the rate that we are going, it is quite likely that we are going to release too much carbon, burn more carbon than we can afford to burn. if we are going to stabilise temperatures, we are going to have to work out how to get rid of carbon dioxide without just dumping it in the atmosphere. to avoid damaging global warming, the scientists call for much more renewable energy. the development of transport that uses less fuel. and new ways to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. all of that is happening, but not, according to the ipcc, at the speed it needs to. scientists are saying to everybody that we have to accelerate our action

the organisers have described the comments as ‘highly offensive', as our science correspondent pallab ghosh lab just outside geneva. it employs thousands of physicists studying the behaviour of subatomic particles. relatively few of them are women. so the management here organised a workshop to attract more female researchers. at the meeting, alessandro strumia told an audience of young female scientists that physics was invented and built by men, not by invitation. he also showed cartoons making fun of women campaigning for equality in science and presented an analysis that he claimed showed there was no sexism in physics. i have made the simple checks i believe everybody should have done before making this claim. and with some surprise i find it is the opposite. if you are to be hired it is easier if you are women than men. drjessica wade was at the meeting. she was upset and angry at what she heard. i think it's damaging because it tells a whole generation of young scientists who are working in string theory and high—energy physics and physics more broadly, that senior people in authorit

bbc science correspondent pallab ghosh has more on this.tants, that figure falls to 15.5%. and as they progress in their careers to become lecturers, it's10%. and for the very top jobs, professors, it's only 4%. sara seager is a prize—winning astrophysicist and planetary scientist at massachusetts institute of technology. she also helps nasa and others plan and build spacecraft. i asked her opinion on this. it's actually shocking. but unfortunately, maybe not surprising. now, the thing i thought when i read the quotes was, not "i can't believe this guy thinks this," but, "i can't believe he said it out loud". what do we learn about the environment of these events that he thought that would be acceptable? well, i think what we really learn is perhaps one insight into why physics remains such a male dominated field, that is perhaps that this speaker and other like him see the world that way, they see physics that way. they did not experience what the women do on a daily basis, which would give him a very different view. is it an unwelcoming e

the organisers have described the comments as ‘highly offensive‘, as our science correspondent pallab ghosh of them are women. so the management here organised a workshop to attract more female researchers. at the meeting, alessandro strumia told an audience of young female scientists that physics was invented and built by men, not by invitation. he also showed cartoons making fun of women campaigning for equality in science and presented an analysis that he claimed showed there was no sexism in physics. i did the simple checks i believe everybody should have done before making this claim. and with some surprise i find it is the opposite. if you are to be hired it is easier if you are women than men. drjessica wade was at the meeting. she was upset and angry at what she heard. i think it's damaging because it tells a whole generation of young scientists who are working in string theory and high—energy physics and physics more broadly, that senior people in authority think that women are inferior and shouldn't be trying out for these positions and shouldn't be doing it and should have been t

itself, we wanted to get our heads around the research itself — so we set our science correspondent pallab ghoshfirst discovery was when lasers first came out they were not that powerful so the need to fight the laser signal. the problem was i doing that the amplifiers would blow up doing that the amplifiers would blow up as he needed to find a way of amplifying them without that happening. the researchers who won the nobel prize found a way of doing that by stretching out the pulses of light and amplifying it and compressing them to reduce very fast and very intense burst of light which you can take very fast pictures of very small things like adams and objects. the second discovery is known as optical tweezers which as its name sounds and enables you to use light to hold in trap very small objects like bacteria or bits of cells that enabled scientists to discover how some of these processes work. that's it in some of these processes work. that's itina some of these processes work. that's it in a minute. a p pa re ntly apparently he did in one take. thanks to him for expanding that. a reminder

pallab ghosh reports.ysics lab just outside geneva. just outside geneva. it employs thousands of physicists studying the behaviour of subatomic particles. relatively few of them are women. so the management here organised a workshop to attract more female researchers. at the meeting, alessandro strumia told an audience of young female scientists that physics was invented and built by men, not by invitation. he also showed cartoons making fun of women campaigning for equality in science and presented an analysis that he claimed showed there was no sexism in physics. i have made the simple checks i believe everybody should have done before making this claim. and with some surprise i find it is the opposite. if you are to be hired it is easier if you are women than men. drjessica wade was at the meeting. she was upset and angry at what she heard. i think it's damaging because it tells a whole generation of young scientists who are working in string theory and high—energy physics and physics more broadly, that