you are ready for some there. >> host: a lot of the focus when we talk about the panama canal on presidentheodore roosevelt and in your book "the canal builders" there's a picture of president roosevelt but he is not the focus of your book. >> guest: he dominates our memory of the canal. he more than any other single person played a huge role in committing the united states to building the canal but my book doesn't focus on him because i am interested in looking at the working men and women who built the canal. part of what inspired the book was thinking that the united states was brilliant at creating the idea that the canal was a triumphant achievement of technology, leadership of the roosevelt--the selflessness of the united states. i certainly agree that the canal was a superb achievement, what i felt had gotten erased when the labor that was required to build the canal. george washington -- constructed until was completed in 1914, once wrote years after the canal had been completed everyone talks about it as this incredible technological achievement or break through in medicine, sanit

the panama canal treaty comes up. president carter says we need to negotiate a new arrangement with the panama to allow for access to the panama canal but wore not going to continue to possess it. howard baker's reaction was, this has been around for years. why now? why me? and he was thinking of running for president -- seriously, and he knew that if he supported the panama canal treaties it would probably be the death nell of his presidential hopes but he did it anyway because he thought the national interests required it. jacob javits on the cover, republican of new york, universally regarded as perhaps the smartest lawyer and the best legislator perhaps of that time. routinely would good to three or four committee meetings, annoyed the hell out of other senators by coming into the meeting, demanding his time, and going right to the heart of the issue. he always managed to add value. you read other books about the senate, books by other senators, and the say, don't make me debate javits. it was too frightening. ed

of that gasoline that that is now the number one manufacturer export of our nation through the panama canal and off to asia as well to to south america and europe. and these guys as you say seven months ago nobody even knew what this was and they were not just well into the planning but well into the implementation of it you have put a significant log in the road in front of them. i'm guessing they're not going to give up easily no i think not big oil is not used to losing they almost never lose and they're mad about this when the president denied the permit the head of the american petroleum institute said there will be quote huge political consequences unquote i mean he's mr big oil and he has the resources to back up his threats so good on the white house for being willing to just stay brave in the face of that kind of threat now we need the democrats in the senate to do the same thing and one of the pieces of good news today was that chuck schumer from new york one of the people we were worried about because he hadn't said that he was going to really stand firm on this he came out to so

it was interesting to also note that only took 20 million man hours to build the panama canal. i think that most everybody would agree that 20 million man hours spent building the panama canal created more economic opportunity than in $22 million man hours complying with regulations. are you concerned? i mean, that this level of regulation and this kind of burdens that we're putting on the markets and the market participants, is that healthy? >> congressman, i do think it's important to point out what we're trying to prevent. we had a terrific financial crisis that has cost this country enormous amounts of money and created enormous amounts of hardship. and it's certainly worth some costs to try to make sure that doesn't happen again. yes, those regulations are costly. but speaking for the fed, we've taken a lot of steps to try to minimize the costs including bunching, grouping rules together in packages so we can look at the interactions among them. doing a lot of cost benefit analysis, having long transition periods and so on. so we need to do what needs to be done to prevent

similarly, the panama canal was for years thought to be impractical. well, the critics were wrong then and they're wrong now. [ applause ] >> we're going to build the first phase so that it, in and of itself, is worth the $2 billion the state has to invest. the other issue we have to tackle is water. last week ken salazar met here in sacramento along with the administration who are working to finish the delta conservation plan. together we agreed that by this summer we should have the basic elements of the project we need to build. this is something my father worked on and that i worked on as well, decades ago. we know more now and a community is going to restore our deca system and ensure a renewed water supply. this is an enormous project. it will ensure water for 25 million californians and millions of acres of farmland, as well as hundreds of thousands of acres for spawning new fish and wild life. getting it done will require time, political will, and countless permits from state and federal agencies. i invite your collaboration and constructive en

it was supposed to be a commemoration of the panama canal opening.he had these girls dancing at the dedication. he had a baby being pushed in a carriage. the sundial was dedicated at night. it is kind of a strange little thing. it is there and you can go see it. this is another before and after shot that shows it around 1900. this is in the 1950's. they started carving away. that building is still there. it is where the lakeside district is. i like the rocket. a well-known builder in the area, an admirer of henry ford, the idea of getting this down, having an assembly line, build this in quick-style. this is a 1932 -- i think he built this house. he was a pragmatic businessman. this has spanish colonial revival elements. a few years later, it is streamlined. modern. stylo-crat. it is better than being aristocratic. to sell them, he had to come up with clever names like that. like lafayette. he went with the popular taste. when the modern architecture started coming in, he was happy because it was less work. >> very little detail. you see detail in br

the debate was made first to a radio broadcast of the senate, i believe that may have been the panama canal debate. if senator derbin suggests it was telecast, not only paging the seed, but arranging for the equipment. i would say something else but we are in an open session. the senate didn't collapse and then we were meant to television, and there was many who didn't like the idea. and there was some grandstanding that went on. and there always will be. but the country is better for it. and when we have had serious and major debates on arms treaties, whether to go to war or not, people are moved, you ought to know what the people who are representing you, whether it's in courts or anywhere else are doing and saying. more openness, the better off we are in democracy. we will stand in recess and i thank you all. >>> the committee approved the measure with an 11-7 vote which moves the bill forward. it would put television cameras inside the supreme court, but still allow the justices to ban cameras in certain instances. we want your opinion on this. should supreme court proceedings be televi

you see the panama canal is being widened and deepened to accommodate the new generation of tankers. those ships can dock anywhere on the east coast from virginia to boston and anywhere that is except philadelphia, where the river is too shallow. we want those ships tying up to the docks of philadelphia. the world's best inland port. once we complete the work. our estimate suggested over the next five years as many as 75,000 jobs will be created or saved both directly and indirectly. this is not just a compact with today's economy. it is a vindication of our history. philadelphia was founded as a port city. it received countless people into the new world. through war and peace, it has been our gateway to the atlantic and beyond and we intend to keep that gate open and welcoming the world and its commerce. this is not only good for pennsylvania. it is good for the region and the nation. so i have worked with the congressional delegation, both democrat and republican alike, to send a message to the obama administration, release the additional money to complete this crucial economic dev

in panama, on barro colorado island, an ecological preserve created through the making of the panama canal, stuart davies hopes to uncover some of the mysteries of a complex ecosystem -- the rainforest. man: i'm the director of the center for tropical forest science, which is a group who study the rainforests of the world. and we work together as one very large network to try to understand how rainforests function and how they're gonna change in the future. narrator: tropical rainforests are believed to be the oldest terrestrial ecosystems on earth. they are home to over 5 million known species of plants, animals, and insects, with millions more yet to be discovered. and trees play an essential role in the diversity of these intricate ecosystems. dr. davies: one famous ecologist said trees in tropical rainforests are like -- he called them the ecosystem engineers. what he meant by that is that they provide the habitat on which all these other organisms depend. so monkeys that live up in canopies of trees go extinct if you take the trees away. ants and termites -- they're gonna be absent if

i believe that may have been the panama canal debate. senator durbin suggested it was telegraph. i remember samuel morris not only painting the scene but arranging for the equivalent. i would say something else but we are in an open session. and maybe on tv. but that, you know, the senate didn't collapse. then we went to television and there were many who didn't like the idea. and there was some grandstanding that went on and there always will be. but the country is better for it. and when we've had serious and major debates, arms control treaties, whether to go to war or not, people are glued to the sets. you ought to know what the people who are representing you and that's whether it's in courts or doing and saying. more openness the better off we are as a democracy. if anybody e has anything to add then we'll stand in recess and i thank you all. >> well, dick, >>> the senate judiciary committee meeting in a much shorter session than we expected marking up legislation proposed that would require television coverage of u.s. supreme court proceeding. justices breyer and scalia ha

wilson, we may add, opened the panama canal in 1915 to trade. in the french pavilion were these works of france including these tapestries. so edith came down to the east room and the usher had rolled out these beautiful full length tapestries, and the ambassador said, please, choose whichever that you like, and she was particularly fond of this one, which actually depicts a marriage scene. the marriage from greek mythology. it's a riotous occasion. and the tapestry would become a little bit of a problem, because edith wasn't quite sure what she was supposed to do with it. certainly there was not even a place to hang it in the white house, and she quietly asked the ambassador at a later occasion, well, you know, i'd love to leave this to the national museum, to the smithsonian and perhaps they can display it. the ambassador protested and said, no, madam, the french government gives plenty of things to the national museum, this was a wedding gift. this was a personal gift. so when edith set out to find a suitable home for her husband to move to a

he had no idea about a panama canal. he had no idea about goods coming over from china. he certainly had no idea about goods coming in from the west coast, because at that point he was just hoping we would get to appalachia. he had no idea what was going to happen here. but he calls to us from history to do our job and accept the challenges that come our way. and the appropriation bill really shouldn't be a challenge. it is nuts and bolts good government. i -- this week in arkansas, i had five town hall meetings, and they were great. got lots of good questions, a few pointed questions. you all know how it goes, y'all participated in those as well. but it is great. it is democracy in action. when people can show up in a community and ask their senator questions, that means the system's working, you know? and we need to -- it's working back home. we need to get it to work up here. i think that's one of the things i saw or heard over and over this week in arkansas is expectations for this congress are very, very low for this year. i mean, we talk about the 10% approval rati

ships will arrive in baltimore, currently many container ships are limited to the size of the panama canal. when an new canal opens, ships with 1 and a half times capacity will set sail. norfolk has the ability for these to dock. the cranes in baltimore, too little. the water depth near the sea wall, too shallow. two years ago, ports of america brokered a deal with the state, it will pay for improvements in return for a 50 year lease. we have invested quarter of a billion dollars. with that kind of money at stake, they needed to get the big boats to come to sea guard. the big boats are on their way. >> we are very happy to have ow friends here. >> reporter: two shipping companies use the docks with the addition of this german line, three of the five largest shippers in the world will use see gert, that means jobs, jobs jobs. 250 at the port, 600 overall. >> obviously, in the tough economic times, the port has continued to be a shining star. we are excited today. >> reporter: when the ships come, they will be full of these, containers from germany and europe. it means the 30,000 of the cont

that may have been the panama canal debate. senator durbin suggest that it be televised. i remember samuel morris painting the scene. i would say something else, but we are in an open session. it may be on tv. the senate did not collapse. then we went to television and there were many who did not like the idea. there was some grandstanding that went on and there always will be. the country is better for it. when we have had debates, arms control treaties, whether to go to war or not, people are moved. you ought to know what the people who are representing you, whether ideas and the courts or not, what they're doing and saying. more openness, the better off we are. if anybody else has anything else to add, we will stay in recess. at thank you. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2012]

he found the panama canal. found jesse helms. found it in north carolina. everything happened. almost won the thing in the 11th hour. your basing conclusion there. this point in early fevenlt bru. it's gone for newt. >> i think the difference, chris between 1976 and today is that primaries took place in a localized manner back in 1976. now everything that happens locally is national. you can't hide anything. everybody sees everything on the national news. on the internet. can't go to one state, say another. the issue to the extent that it exists, i don't think there is a newish to that will propel newt gingrich forward. so i think that his chance was to follow up on south carolina with victory in florida. i suspect that florida will be what it was four years ago which was the state that broke the momentum of the other candidates. they stayed in the race for a while. it will, ultimately it was the determinative state. >> steve, in the last couple days we have seen newt's press shot, come up with an attack message against romney that actually harkened become to what tim pawlenty

right through the panama canal. you would have to stop the oil companies from going all over the world to get more money than they could here because that's what's going on right now you and i just flat disagree, bill. the way you are reasoning why don't we stop the export of corn, that would drive down the price of corn. why don't we stop the export of wheat, that would drive down the cost of wheat. >> bill: do you want me too tell you why? >> because it isn't necessary to buy corn and wheat. it's not necessary. >> of course it is. >> bill: look, everybody needs oil, all right? there is going to be a demand for oil. we have cut it, the united states has cut the demand because of personal changes that we have made, but, look, i don't think we disagree, i just think that you are not implementing the final piece to the puzzle final piece to the puzzle is no matter how much we produce it has to stay here. >> let me say this, if we end up dramatically increasing our production of oil and we get to a point where there is

we can take the super tankers, the panama canal's opening in 2014.very close to the marcellus and utica shales. if everything works out like we would like it to, it would be late 2016 or early '17. >> they're an earning driver in the out years, right? i know that given your balance sheet and what you're able to do, unlike the other companies trying to do it, you actually can get this thing going and make a ton of money for people. >> we can do well. if we do it right, we can do well. >> natural gas is so low. is there a time that you've got to go back and just go and make long-term contracts with natural gas companies that are really hurting for capital right now? >> that's something that we're looking at for -- we produce a lot of power through natural gas as the fuel, and we're getting ready to build a very large plant that will burn 250 decatherms of fuel a day. that's a lot of gas. gas is low now. i don't believe it will stay this low for an extended period of time. so you've got to look at the volatility of the fuel mix for your customers. so he

the panama canal treaty, not remembered now. >> rose: the cuban missile crisis from kennedy handled because he learned from the bay of pigs. so he had a rational intellectual ability to look at himself from the outside in. he also had a sense of humor. he could make self-debra atory marks about himself. that's something missing in our political culture today. where is there anyone like lincoln if someone yelled "you're two faced mr. lincoln." and he yelled back "if i had two faces do you think i'd be wearing this?" so j.f.k. will still billion in our memory because of the youth, because of that period of time, the '60s opening up to great changes in the role of government. the excitement of that time. there's only three years. i remember one time bobby kennedy was lamenting that j.f.k. only had three years and my husband, dick goodwin who worked for j.f.k. said "don't worry, bobby, julius caesar only had three years." and bobby said "yeah, but it's nice if you have shakespeare to write about you." (laughter) so it will be hard for him. >> this which raises another issue about successful pre

if cashman i don't know the important of the windward passage to movement to now being widened panama canalt. >> from florida, then they have got a base in charleston, and, but the ports along east coast, the major ones are what, savannah, norfolk, new york, new jersey? >> right. we are missing one. be at baltimore. anyway, can't think of it. [inaudible] >> but also, the navy is working in pakistan just are at the basic. you're sort of floating cities of naval ships right now. they are less depend on any one place. >> so whatever monitoring of seedling documentation that would have taken place, based in guantÁnamo, is now either done by satellites or other means? >> right. and i think they feel that they did the best enough without having to be based there. world war ii, is a great transit point for shipping. it protected, and sort of the linchpin in a convoy system that protected shipping that went the panama, up the eastern seaboard. after that i couldn't a lot of people who know, it hasn't been essential. is essential for fleet training in document for is important. >> okay, thank you. >

i don't know the importance of the passes to the movement of the being a large and panama canal up the east coast port. >> the essential. that is interesting. things that they can get along without it. >> from florida then they have a poseidon based in charleston. but the ports along the east coast are savannah, norfolk : new york, new jersey. >> right. >> you're missing one. >> baltimore. >> that's right. anyway, i can't think of it. >> may port. >> a point. yes. but also, of those, working in pot is as much as bases, floating cities of naval ships. less dependent on any one place. >> so whatever monetary affairs of communication that have taken place based in guantanamo is not even done by satellites or other means a linchpin in the convoy system the fleet training for 1994 which is important. >> is will someone to get up and get on tv. and knowing to walk away and assigned bucks. thank you very much. [applause] >> every weekend book tv offers 48 hours of programming focused on nonfiction authors and books. watch it here on t2 -- c-span2. >> host: donna lynn is to do as a booth. jim

military, naval and commercial information paying particular attention to the west coast, the panama canal and the territory of hawaii. so there were theories, there was speculation. the hilo newspaper the week before actually had a headline that said, which is, you know, the hawaiian island chain that japanese attack expected this weekend. the other people, other areas of government had speculated about a military move by the japanese, but most thought it was just beyond imagination, and everybody thought that the next military move had -- because they'd already invaded french indochina, they had massed over 100,000 troops there, and their next move was invasion of thailand. as of the morning of -- right as bombs were falling in pearl harbor, secretary of state hall was meeting with japanese envoys. but the negotiations had broken down at that point. the p japanese had sent, tokyo had sent the 13th part of a hong, long communique, and it was all, basically, just an attack on the united states, attack on u.s. military policy, attack on diplomatic policy, and they were essentially announcin

. >> and the panama canal. navy and in order to do at that we needed to create the panama canal. he essentially helped foment in revolution in colombia which owned panama and panama was a break away country and had a deal with us he had a famous quote, i'll act now and let congress debate it later and changed the nature of this country. >> and sort of what abraham lincoln, act now and let the people deal with it, signing the emancipation proclamation. >> lincoln wrestled with it, he did not believe some of the mission of the civil war was eradicate slavery. he needed to do something do change the trajectory of the war and went by himself in the summer and wrote emancipation and told his cabinet, i'm not asking for your point of view, we're going to do this. in january 1, 1863 he signed it and the most momentous decision of his lifetime and most momentous in history. >> clayton: nick, the author of the book-- i wish i had it here, what's the name. >> presidential leadership, 15 decisions that changed the nation.

we have made shifts to accommodate ships coming through the panama canal. we do subscribe to those things and, yes, from time to time we've asked our citizens to do more as we did on the tobacco tax. but there are now 00,000 people -- 400,000 people in our state who have health care coverage that did not before. people cannot work if they're sick or if their kids are sick. and in all these areas we do believe that the future is not, as robert kennedy said, the future is not a gift, it's an aaachievement. >> do you support president obama's approach? has it been a model for you in virginia? [laughter] >> i take that as a rhetorical question because, obviously, the answer's no, and martin and i do have some differences. i thought george allen said the future is now. >> george allen also said that. [laughter] >> the his father. the first george allen. >> the football coach. and i'm told richard nixon used to send plays to him. is that true? >> that i don't know. a double reverse. no, we've taken a different approach, and many republican governors have around t

investments in the port of baltimore so that we can accommodate larger ships coming through the panama canaldo we do that? because we want to create jobs at home and be more competitive. sometimes, we to ask citizens to pay more. we increase the tobacco cash -- tobacco tax. we now have 400,000 more people with health care than we had before. we believe that the future is not a gift, it is an achievement. we are willing to do the things necessary to achieve it together. >> governor mcdonald, do you support president obama's approach? [laughter] >> i take that as a rhetorical question, because obviously the answer is no. george allen said the future is now. >> george allen the football coach. i am told richard nixon used to send place to him. >> that i do not know. >> if he is here -- ? >> double reverse. back to the question. we have taken a different approach than many governors around the country. all of us have the same challenge which is how do you balance the budget in fiscally difficult times? one, we realize that families and businesses are making really tough decisions. they're having

investments at the port of baltimore so that we can accommodate the larger ships coming through the panama canaldo we do that? to make our port competitive and to create jobs at home. we do scribe to those things and from time to time we've asked our sit den -- citizens to do more like in the tobacco tax. but there are people in our state who didn't have health care that do now. people can't work if people are sick or if they're sick. in all of these areas dwow believe that the future is not as robert kennedy said, the future's not a gift, it's an achievement and we're willing to do the things necessary to achieve it together. >> do you support president obama's approach? >> i think that's a rhetorical question because obviously the answer's no. and martin and i have the difference. i thought george allen said the future's now. >> george allen also said that. >> his father. >> george allen the football coach. >> yes. >> richard nixon used to send plays to him. is that true? >> that i don't know. >> must have been tricky plays. >> back to the question. no, we've taken a different approach and man