everything that barda and our partners have done and accomplished for pandemic influenza can make our seasonal influenza vaccines better and more responsive to the ever-changing virus. building on our success, we are poised and partnered to make better flu vaccines available right now. most vaccines today are still made in eggs. although the process is optimized for efficiency, it's not changed much for decades and it's no match for a rapidly changing virus. cell and recombinant based technologies are used to make licensed vaccines and they offer speed and greater flexibility and may even be more effective than traditional egg-based vaccines. despite these advantages, marketplace competition and limited domestic production capacity have largely kept these approaches on the shelf representing only a fraction of the seasonal vaccine on the marketplace today there are actions to improve influenza vaccines now that can produce near-term benefit in parallel with the long-term efforts being undertaken across the government to develop a universal flu vaccine. to make better, faster flu vacci

influenza-like illnesses in doctor's offices and emergency rooms was as high as we've seen during the pandemic of 2009. too many children have died already from influenza this season. we had intense activity in virtually the whole country at the same time and that contributed to some of the spot shortages of anti-virals. we are not over with the season. disease is decreasing, but the b-strains are starting to be as common as the h3n2 strains. as you've heard, the vaccine effectiveness this season was lower than usual. it was at 36% overall, and even lower for the h3n2 strains that dominated. children did receive better protection from the flu vaccine. 59% effectiveness in children and 50% effectiveness against the h3n2 strain, a reminder that vaccinating children can be life-saving against flu. sadly, the vast majority of children who die from influenza have not received any vaccine at all. there are many theories about why influenza vaccines work less well against the h3n2 strains. one theory is that there are egg-adapted changes that occur in the processes of developing the vaccine. there ma

as we will undoubtedly talk pandemic 10018 flu years ago killed more than 50 and 100people globally, years later, the world continues to contend with the risk of novel influenza out rates as well as other outbreaks that reached pandemic scale. while this year's flu season made headlines for its severity, its impact was nominal compared to a pandemic flu outbreak. we are pleased to have dr. auci.ny f policyiance for health does not usually get to introduce rock stars, but as far as health policy goes, this is a man who barely needs any introduction. program onversees a topics such as hiv/aids as well as diseases of the immune system. he also serves as one of the key advisors on global infectious disease issues. she was one of the principal architects of the president's emergency and for aid relief, which has saved millions of lives. we are thrilled to have you here. is going to get background, and then we will be able to get into a q&a and discussion. dr. fauci: it is a pleasure to be with you here this morning. to run through some slides to give you a bit of a background, and then leave it open for discussion on this or anything else you would like to discuss

with pandemic influenza into the ever-changing virus. we are poised and partnered to make better flu vaccines they are usually so made with eggs although it is optimized it does not change much for decades and no match for rapidly changing virus. now making license vaccines and could be more effective than the traditional egg -based. despite these advantages marketplace competition with the capacity for representing only a fraction on the marketplace today. there are actions to improve the influenza vaccine now with the long-term efforts with the universal flu vaccine. and with the industry partners to take the following steps with those existing vaccines we must expand the capacity to enhance effectiveness with the highest doses of antigen and with all age groups and then continue the vaccine production process while we are grateful for that supplemental funding they have been fully obligated we have to sustain and to implement these steps with the threat that we face every year from the windsor in the near term it is only one piece of

ebola and other events, we do not have the sustained level of funding forssarily, a line item pandemic influenza, that would give us great confidence that we would have a sustained, uninterrupted funding stream. the answer for pandemic is, he arguably you can do more things we cannot do more things with limited resources. if we focus on the national security issue, which i think is vital, again vital to the role, then i think we have to stick to our lane are highlight the fact that right now, to use a defense analogy, we are operating with have an aircraft carrier of resources to basically do this mission. a national security mission to protect 320 million people. that is a challenge. can you talk about the priority that the trump administration has made preparing for the next one of these outbreaks? reed: i do not want to single out the trump administration because the fact is no administration has made appropriate investments in preparedness. the ebola epidemic led to a supplemental funding bill. $5 billion or $6 billion that paper preparedness in the u.s. --reated new hospitals that capacity

going to start off with the concept that we are talking about, pandemic preparedness. and obviously, influenza. even though you can have a pandemic with other types of disease, usually it would be respiratory diseases that spread rapidly. the theme i would like to build how we separate seasonal and pandemic influenza. we really should think about them as one. hopefully it will become obvious to you why i say that. what i'm going to show you hopefully will convince you of that. influenza, only talk about influenza, it is highly predictable and highly unpredictable. the highly predictable part is that we will have influenza outbreak every single winter in the northern hemisphere. annually, and since seasonal flu's changed very always a degree of residual background immunity in the population. that is critical to why seasonal flu is not a pandemic every year. let's take a look at the numbers. if youunited states, look at the left-hand side of is around 56,000 cases of death per year. globally is on the right-hand side. the economic cause is substantial. it is about $10 billion in direct medical c

influenza is 60% and at worst 10%. now the next thing that bothers me. pandemic stuart kerr and the response after-the-fact is usually not effective and that relates to how we get vaccines for the flu which we will get into in a moment. it's really time honored on the one hand and antiquated on the other hand and i will explain what i mean by that. this is the swine flu of 2009, the h1n1 and what did we get wrong through no fault of our own i believe? in 2009 in march just like we have here today in march so right now you saw the current going down print something unusual happened in 2009. as the current was going down in california and mexico we started to see people getting sick with an influenza that was really strange because no one has seen the type and they were asking what is that? anybody focusing on china and the far east for the next pandemic we were seeing in california and mexico infections of humans with a brand-new virus that we hadn't seen before. that was one odd thing. the second odd thing is that it was march when the flu season was supposed to

it was not by any stretch the only lethal pandemic in history from influenza. but they are not all lethal. we went through pandemics in 1957 and 1968 that, while they killed more people than normally influenza, incidentally the normal death toll for influenza according to the cdc is 36,000 people per year, dying of influenza. in 1957 and 1968 there were 68, and in 1957 three or four times the normal number of people die from influenza. but compared to 1918 and was like a severe epidemic season. that it was like a severe epidemic season. the story begins when the virus jumps from birds to people. nobody knows for certain where that happened. most pandemics have been on in in asia.have begun however there was some overworked epidemiological evidence that i managed to trip over, that strongly suggests this virus actually jumped tpecies in kansas, and that it moved from haskell county in that it moved from rural kansas with draftees to what is now for o'reilly. and for riley then had 56,000 troops, very closely packed in barracks. they were being trained to kill wou

influenza very seriously. we have to prepare for another pandemic. it is not automatically going to be tremendously lethal like 1918, it could be much ilder. ven at best, cdc has a study out that predicts if we do have a vaccine, there would still be probably 150,000 deaths in the united states. if we do not have a vaccine, it is off the scale. and the real determinant is how lethal the virus is. right now there is a very lethal virus and asia. if that ever crosses species that could make 1918 seem like the common cold. i'm not trying to scare people but it is a frightening situation then we need to prepare for it. one of the other lessons aside from taking influenza seriously, is that governments need to tell the truth about public health issues. and as china demonstrated during the sars outbreak, if sars had been influenza and gotten a head start of several months, there would be millions if not tens of millions of deaths right now from that. similarly, when the asian bird flu erupted earlier this year, thailand and a couple of other countries didn

to give sort of an expression to the catastrophes after world war i with the problems with influenza and pandemics that -- that as they look around after world war i they are seeing this devastation, so for her she was able to refer to revelation 6-8, again, when you refer to a title like that, some people can say, well, is she thinking that literally or is she sort of using that as a symbol and that's the beauty of intertext, each reader brings interests and background, you know, to their own understanding of the bible and this loads in often times extra interactive dimension to how readers are picking up even on our title. >> you have a display with isaac newton, the principia, what is that? >> good question. .. .. >> prince by ya for him was a volue where he wants to express some of his key ideas that turn it into modern physics; theory of gravity and, you know, a number of different elements that are involved with it. but for him, he saw this volume as an opportunity to demonstrate how his view of god's order, you know, that he read about in the bible was consistent with the science that he wa

pandemic threats. toics included initiatives develop universal vaccines for , and influenza, and how new gene sequencing technologies could play a role in the development of vaccines. this is an hour and 15 minutes. >> we can go ahead and get started. i want to welcome everyone here today to the breakfast. my name is elizabeth, and i lead the health care practice here in washington, d.c. have thispy to continued partnership with the alliance for health policy, so together we can advance knowledge of key health policy issues. today's topic is just