papua new guinea, which saw drastic declines in new infections, is now starting to see increases again vigilance and improve their prevention programmes. new innovations, self—testing, community—based testing, pre—exposure prophylaxis, which is showing 90% reductions in infection in other countries, need to be introduced into the populations here in our region. you are highlighting what they need to do. have you had any indication from any of these countries in asia that they are willing to have an open dialogue about how they can move things forward, and progress? definitely. the ministry of health in the philippines, i am going there in two weeks‘ time, we are working with them. there are countries that are showing innovation. cambodia is a great example of achieving these interim, fast—track targets. other countries, like myanmar, have seen a 60% increase in treatment over the last five years. so there are countries that are showing the way. what we need is to make sure that the countries that have had success previously do not slow down, and maintain their effort. and increased res