you think back to the drugs that were available in the 1940's, they were available for infections, depression, ulcers, blood pressure, parkinson's. there was almost nothing. you could see a tv ad in ca patient in front -- and see a patient in black and white. he would turn and it was bare. today, that is not the situation. we have incredible medicines that have turned like hiv into a chronic condition. slow progression for rheumatoid arthritis, cured disease which is pepsi, helped test which is pepsi -- provided treatment for painful ulcers and gerd. if you have gerd which is reflux, it makes your life miserable. it is not a trivial thing to be able take a bill -- to be able to take a pill once a day. cancer, we are developing new immunotherapies that harness the natural abilities of the bodies immune system to recognize and fight cancer, along with the other amazing discoveries we have made with small molecules and chemotherapy -- and chemotherapy. in 2014 and 2015, over 40 new medicines were approved by the fda. many were for an array of diseases where there was no good treatment available. the pipeline across the pharmaceutic