and some of the particulate produced is haps. it is mercury that sometimes goes out in the form of particles. it is the acid gases which when they get out in the atmosphere turn into particles because they become aerosolized. they go into your lungs as tiny droplets. is all of those are in fact being taken care of in the controls of particulate. it is true that in controlling those haps you use the same technology and you end up controlling a lot of other kinds of particulate, primarily sulfur dioxide, which causes premature deaths. and so when they did the calculation they said, we put these particulate controls in to control haps. it happens to save lives because of sulfur dioxide that's not otherwise being controlled. so we'll tell you all the lives we're saving, not just some of those lives. >> was this the basis for the epa's position? i thought the position was, does it matter how much the benefit -- how much the costs exceed the benefits we just will not take costs into account at the listing stage? >> is that correct, you

the $90 billion is particulate reduction. some of the particulate that's reduced is in fact haps.metals that go out in the form of particles. it is the acid gases which when they get out in the atmosphere turn into particles because they become aerosolized, they go into your lungs as tiny droplets. so all of those are in fact being taken care of in the controls of particulate. it is true that in controlling those haps you use the same technology and you end up controlling a lot of other kinds of particulate primarily sulfur dioxide which causes premature deaths. when they did the calculation they said they put these particulate controls in to control haps. it also happens to save a lot of lives because of the sulfor dioxide that's not being controlled. >> was this the basis for the epa's decision? i thought the epa's position was doesn't matter how much the benefit -- how much the costs exceed the benefits we just will not take costs into account at the listing stage. >> that's correct, your honor. they did not consider the cost/benefit analysis tatat the listing stage. that's bas

>> you can imagine what is burning in there and the particulate matter is so lamb it is showing up ons yellow and orange and we would consider that moderate-to-heavy rain so you have an idea how big the particulate matter is in the smoke. it is billowing over louisville and headed to the northwest over downtown. they must have shelter in place with that nastiness in the air. >> the reason you are seeing so much smoke they elected not to fight the fire but let it burn itself out because it was burning so hot. >> in local news san francisco's police chief will hand down the latest round the discipline today against a group of officers caught in a racist texting can israel. some could be suspended and others face firing. >> the police chief suhr will hold a news conference and will suspend three officers accused of sending latest and text messages. the officers were assigned to roles of no public contact and another officer has has the t will released during a bail hearing for a former officer convicted on corruption charges. he will serve his sentence today. the chief suhr said there wi

of course, one of the problems of this, it's the fine particulate matter which gets into the lungs anda health hazard. >> on top of that, it's already a very polluted city. so you add in a sandstorm. i'm an asthmatic myself, and breathing into that fine particulate matters into your lungs instantly causes problems for me. >> and all of this is the sand coming in from the goby desert. >> yes. first, take a listen to what it sounds like to be in the middle of a sandstorm. people -- well, i'll let you hear. people on the ground, you can hear the wind whipping around in the background. there it is. not a nice scene. people on the ground comparing this to the end of the world. that's what they were saying in beijing. now, they saw this coming several kilometers upstream. it's amazing how far these sand storms can actually travel. we have to look upstream to see why we experience this sand and dust in the atmosphere across beijing and points westward of china's capital. gobi literally means in mongolian, waterless place. this place is under 1.5 million square miles of just desert. very, very

hefa, higher efficiency particulate air filters. they filter out particles, and think viruses. >> air goes through the hepar filter twice before being released to the outside world. liquid waste is treated in a different way. >> these walls have double wall piping. we have a sample here. >> reporter: what is the point of the pipe within the pipe. >> if the inner pipe that the liquid is flowing through develops a leak, it would flow into the outer pipe and become tamed. there is senses there alerting the building automation system. there would be an alarm. >> waste is disinfected, and it flows to the tanks, where they are heated at 120 degrees for 60 minutes, to kill off anything that might remain. and then, of course, there's the human factor. >> i'll tell by the positive pressure suit that we wear in the bsl-4. and i'll hopefully get you into this. >> reporter: okay, i've got my right? >> not quite. you have jewellery on, rings, diamond rings can compromise the gloves. off. >> you see the air drops. when the air comes in through th

unhealthy air, particulates, too stirred up. air quality real nice. the five-day forecast, no rain but we anticipate something breaking loose in a few weeks. >> really? >> no. [ laughter ] -- [ talking at the same time ] >> i anticipate. [ talking at the same time ] [ laughter ] >> thank you. >>> well, wildlife officials had a time trying to evacuate a mountain lion near los angeles today. it spent hours underneath a home over night. it found a crawl space that it liked and it wouldn't leave. officials tried using tennis balls and pokers to get it out but it wouldn't budge. when they tried this morning they discovered cat had left -- discovered the cat left on its own. . >>> californians are getting creative in finding ways to beat the drought and use the water we have. chris brown devised a water system that acts like a ditch for his yard that will catch rain water. it has drought resistant plants and he set up a gray water system. >> what we are doing here is taking the water from our alaundry into the land -- roundry into the -- laundry into the la

if y look back on the histy of the submarine for and ballistic susubmarine force in particul, you willee the spike e in spending driven by the ohio replacement is about th same as it w was for the o ohio class in the 1970's. much small when you adjt than the 41 for eedom we did in the 1960's. we can afford it if we put the money into shipbuilding. this is n not an impact on the overerall defense budgeget. we would build t ohio replacemenon the years we build them, we spend about 1% of the e defense budgdget on that s ship. th is a bill thatat comes around once every four year we canfford it. let's get past that. next, how do we address the sustaining the attk submarine force whate do that? we are looooking at building only one ship herear -- per year in the years we build ohihio replacemt. the congress has asked us to go back and look atat whether we can still build t per year ile building ohio. to dohat, it requires a lot of coordination between govnment and industry. one e of the side effects that might come out of having these public yarards is it wilallow them to build their workforc

ordinary supply and demand curves for our product -- cleaner air -- measured by some reduction of particulate noxious fumes, and the like. but these curves do take external effects into account and are curves of social benefit and social cost -- more accurately, marginal social benefit -- msb -- and marginal social cost -- msc. what these curves tell us is that, as we produce cleaner and cleaner air, moving towards the right the added social benefits begin to decline and the added social costs begin to rise. this makes sense intuitively, i think. reducing the first and worst air pollution brings us a lot of social benefit. getting extremely clean air is somewhat less important. also, as the los angeles case shows producing somewhat cleaner air is not too expensive while producing very, very clean air would have been disastrously costly. so what the economist says is apparently fairly simple -- keep on cleaning up the air until the added -- the marginal social costs begin to exceed the added -- the marginal social benefits until the intersection of these two curves. i say "apparently simple" b

all of those are being taken care of in the controls of the particulate. it is true that in controlling those, you use the same technology and you end up controlling a lot of other kinds of particulate. primarily sulfur dioxide which causes premature deaths. so when they did the calculation they said we put these particulate controls and to control them. it happens to save a lot of lives. justice alito: was this the basis for the decision? i thought the epa position was, does it matter how much the benefit or costs exceed the benefits. we will just not take cost into account at the listing stage. mr. smith that is correct. : they did not consider the cost benefit analysis at the listing stage. the statute, it's conceding you don't do the cost benefit analysis of front. -- upfront. the statue came out of the time of regulatory paralysis of 20 years. the epa was not regulating effectively. congress came in and said we are going to force regulation. of these chemicals being spewed into the environment. it gave one benefit to the power plant industry. a set, y

that means more particulates in the air. that's going to have respiratory impacts on people. >> reporter: when i have a patient come into my office with asthma and they're wheezing they want their inhaler. >> of course. >> reporter: they don't want to hear about some long-term solution. >> yeah. >> reporter: you have two daughters who are deernlgs. are you thinking long term because of them? is that somehow part of the equation? >> malia, early on when she was young had asthma, and we had to visit the emergency room once. so i'm a dad like everybody else. i've seen how scary it is when your kid comes to to you your four-year-old, and says, "i'm having trouble breathing." >> reporter: did that bring it home for you with malia, this is affecting my daughter. i have to do something about it. >> there's no doubt about it. in the same way i think there are families right now in south florida who see two feet of water coming into their house every time it rains and start thinking, you know what? rising temperatures and rising ocea

imagine what the fine particulate matter in the atmosphere can do to your health. and visibility. see people fending for themselves. as the the wall of sand and debris moves across city. 11.5 million people. now unfortunately we have another possible sandstorm. at least the same weather setup that is going to take place. into sunday and monday. so, residents across northern china and into china's capital beijing will need to look for reduced visibilities. the weekend and workweek as well. take a look at photos coming out of the region with the previous sandstorm which was on thursday. just blinding dusts. choking people any breathing as they stepped outdoors. this is the setup going forward end of the weekend. starting early next week. we have a low pressure system that will bring rain to eastern, central portions of china. going to move across the east china sea and sea of japan bringing the rain with it. it's what is behind the low-pressure system that i am concerned about. notice the wind streams on our map. changing to more northwesterly direction. the gobi the desert located

hot allows that particulate stuff to dissolve. use that filter. you don't need bottled water. >> many people use more natural products to clean their homes. how many does that help or do you just need to open the windows from time to time? >> i wouldn't do it right now. right now you'll let the pollen in. realize all those fumes are pretty toxic. again, try to use ones that are earth friendly. it is not just friendly for the atmosphere. it is friendly for your own lungs. when you talk about food your points are planting and plastic. >> so first, plastic. you see this again happening all time. people will take food in plastic and stand in front of the microwave. now we've got chemicals from the plastic being heated up in your food and be careful of those microwave rays. be careful what you do with your food. in terms of earth day, why don't we take the chance to go plan your peoplers plan your tomatoes plant your basil. it will be a quick farm to table and you will have control over how many pesticides are being used. >> and do it now in honor of e

i want to play an -- particulate of an interview i did with a loved one, somebody who's very close tocers who assisted in the apprehension of freddy gray. listen to this. >> do you think this was racist? >> that's a fair question. are there some bad apples? yes. but you have racism and be black. >> meaning that even the officers of color are co opted by the system is what she's basically saying. mark. >> all right. so the first part i'm saying no to the bad apple part. we can't continue to frame them as simply a bunch of good natured people and there happen to be a few bad apples among them and that's not to say that at the individual level they're good people. it's something about the job itself that becomes an occupying force. they're an occupying force in the hood. >> quickly. i have to get to something else. >> i don't share that perspective as a whole. listen we're dealing with human beings and everyone is accountable to their actions at the individual level. >> i wish you could have made that face for me sonny. and live from baltimore. we'll be right back. t-mobile is breaking t

when we arrived was to determine what we could based on ground level runoff and even the airborne particulatesor four tests that we did initially. we checked the smoke. our testing on site indicated we had ammonium products, we had ketones, aldehydes. what you would typically see in any large industrial batching plant. while padgett's team checks for toxins, local officials decide they can't afford to take any chances. hundreds of students from a school only a quarter mile away are taken by bus to safe locations. some residents are also ordered to leave, but chris dillinger must make the decision on his own. >> i didn't think about, you know, poisonous gases or anything until we came back and then turned on the tv because, you know, we didn't know it was an industrial fire. once we knew what it was, we started thinking maybe we should leave. eventually we didn't leave because we knew the smoke was blowing away from us. it did make me a little bit nervous. >> after enduring six hours of punishing heat and flames, firefighters almost completely contain the blaze. and the hazmat team reeses its r

finally number 6 is pennsylvania coal steel, natural gas, particulates in the air and toxic exposureked low in the state. coming up, they were the top 10 through six. we'll get one through five, and maybe you can figure out where one of those were. we'll take you to one of the most polluted areas. >> i'm guessing virginia may be on the list. >> you could be right. >> thank you for joining us. randall pinkston is back with you in 2 minutes with more on al jazeera america you can follow us online at aljazeera.com, or twitter at a.j.a.m., i'm morgan radford, think you for joining us. >> sunday. >> we're pioneers. >> the head of america's space agency charles bolden. >> we take science fiction and turn it into science fact. >> addressing nasa's critics. >> we are the best nation in the world when it comes to exploration. >> and mankind's next giant leap. >> we can become multi-planet species. >> every sunday night... >> i lived that character. >> go one on one with america's movers and shakers. >> we will be able to see change. >> gripping... inspiring... entertaining. "talk to al jazeer

there are more wildfires, a consequence of rising temperatures, that there are going to be more particulates extends the allergy season, and can induce greater incidents of asthma or more severe incidents of asthma. we know potentially as temperatures rise we're going to start seeing insect-borne diseases that are not traditional to north america. charles: joining us is bob beans with the natural resources defense council. you agree largely with what the president is saying? >> no question charles. climate change is driving more sickness in the country. asthma attacks, allergies, heat strokes lyme disease, west nile virus and other sickness carried by mosquitoes and ticks. real health issues that are posing costs in the people. we need do something about it. president is saying let's protect our health and create benefits for people let's do it. charles: i know those things sound good when the administration tries figure out how much dust particles add up to x-amounts of lives and x-amount of dollars, they go through extraordinary lengths and the calculations are always way off. what's the f

that means more particulates in the air, more respiratory impacts on people. >> when i have a pausching, they want their inhaler. >> of course. >> they don't want to hear of love-term solution. >> yeah. >> you have two teenage daughters. long term, are you thinking of them as part of the equation? >> early on malia had asthma and we had to visit the emergency room. i a dad like anyone else. i know how scary it is when your 4-year-old comes up to you and says i'm having trouble breathing. >> did this affect you? >> there's no doubt about it. in the same way there are families right now in south florida who see two feet of water coming in their house every time it rains and start thinking, you know what rising temperatures and rising ocean levels are going to afelkts my property. part of what i'm trying to communicate here is there's a cost to inaction. >> jon why is the president launching this effort now? >> well, i think he's realizing as a lot other people are there's a disconnect. people when they're thinking of it they're thinking melting glaciers, polar bears. they're not thinki

burn cleaner than their conventional counterparts because the refining process greatly reduces the particulate matter mercury and released combustion. the subject added at the 11th hour in 2007 it was misguided not debated just simply stuck in as a bad idea. we've passed it in the last two sessions and added it to the house version. following just before last year's ndaa i asked for a study to see where throughout this vast array of government agencies that are particularly green oriented this law is being observed. and you'll be surprised to find that they can't find anywhere that section 526 is being observed. the only place anybody's made any effort whatsoever is the department of defense in 2009 issued some interim rules that said we're going to try. and obviously we'll issue final rules. best of our knowledge they've not issued any final rules because the terms are undievd and there's no way to comply with it. we've got a law no one's complying with. fleet guidance system can't comply with it. mr. speaker -- or chairman i would ask my colleagues to support eliminating at least for the dep

there are more wildfires, a consequence of rising temperatures, that there are going to be more particulates in the air. we know that potentially it extends the allergy season and can induce greater incidence of asthma or more severe incidence of asthma. we know that potentially as temperatures rise and we're going to start seeing insect borne diseases that are not traditional to north america start moving up from the south. and so there are a whole host of public health impacts that are going to hit home. and the great thing about this conversation is to see all the work that's already been done by public health officials the medical community, nurses and families to start raising awareness around these issues. the pentagon has already said that climate change is a primary national security threat that we're going to face and we are working with the department of defense to start preparing for that and mitigating for the. and a lot of our international policy and national security policy is centered around the very real concerns that that's going to raise. but we also know that it's going t

. >> but it's filthy disgusting air with particulate and sulphur dioxide and stuff that can really hurtrace amounts of co2 in the atmosphere. >> absolutely. and the paulson institute is working there with a program to work with the chinese to help address the problem of air quality and climate, but the reason i went to the environment first is if we're going to deal with some of the very serious threats to our global ecosystem, the climate threat i don't see how we do this unless the u.s. and china cooperate. global economic growth sustaining that, very important to both countries. our economic problems become much more challenging if china has serious economic problems. stability. so it's very much in our interest to work with them and then we shouldn't shrink from competition. we have by far the strongest, biggest economy in the world. all those that say they're worried about china, i turn to them and say, listen you should worry about one thing and that's our own political system reform. if we do the things we need to to restore our economy, we're going to be the preeminent global po

because of more particulates in the air.ing in some ways of climate change and global warming. as more of a public health issue. i think it's been going on for some time. it's the first time we've heard the president speak so forcefully about it. >> doctor what can we do about it? how can we protect ourselves? >> when i talked to the president about that i think there was a message in here for the community at large. also for doctors and nurses to be aware of climate change as potentially being a factor in what is causing some of their patients' illnesses, i think for the average person it's going to be more of a question. recognizing the air quality around you. they got a partnership for example with microsoft and google. to allow people to be empowered, to measure the air quality in their communities, even in their homes. you know right now, i think the message was more for the medical community at large. and obviously for carbon emitters. coal-fired power plants saying we need to reduce emissions, reduce them by 28-30% by

that means particulates in the area. we know the allergy season gets extended.mpact. you are seeing doctors, nurses medical schools really try to raise awareness. >> what do you say to the people who deny the climate change is real and it's impacting our health. >> there a number of climate deniers. i think people are starting to experience it. the good news is there is something we can do about it. we take money in the long-term. if you have one child who has three, four five visits to the emergency room for asthma, somebody is waypaying for that. >> very interesting interview and clear from the meeting that he and his administration are passionate about this. they had a coordinated mobilized effort to do something about it. >> thanks so much. it is 8:08 and we have a check on the weather. >> we have a long happy birthday to opa, your grandfather. >> he is in california. >> happy birthday opa. it's cool in california but the middle of the country we are focused on from texas to ohio. it's right in this zone from oklahoma to kansas. we could see tornados break o

. >> we know there's going to be more severe wildfires, which means particulates in the air.oke. there's a whole range of impacts. what's exciting is you're seeing doctors, nurses medical schools trying to raise awareness. >> what do you say to the people who deny that climate change is real and it's impacting our health? >> the good news is the number of climate deniers is shrinking rapidly, because the science is indisputable. i think people are starting to experience it. the good news is there's something we can do about it, and we save money in the long term. if you have one child with three, four five visits to the emergency room for asthma somebody is paying for that. >> interesting interview with the president. >> very interesting, and it was very clear from our meeting yesterday that he and his administration are incredibly passionate about this. they've had a coordinated mobile iced effort to do something about it. >>> thanks so much. it's 8:08. another check of the weather for dylan, who is in for al. >> good morning, we have a nice long happy birthday to opa, your