and that was the work of fermat and pascal. but we're interested in what happens when games are played over and over. >> the first person to think about this was jacob bernoulli, and he was the first one to really think about the sort of long-term behavior, is that right? >> that's correct. and that's sort of related to something called the law of large numbers. and if we have an event that we repeat over and over, a random event, and we do it independently many, many times, we find that it's going to eventually converge to a finite number that's between zero and one, and we call that the probability of observing the event. so the law of large numbers basically tells us that if we do a random event, a random outcome, over and over, it'll eventually converge to a well-defined probability. >> so we could take a very simple example, right? we could just do coin tossing. so i toss a coin, and if i get heads, i get a dollar. if i get tails, you get a dollar. so if we did this a million times -- a million is a pretty big number -- we

thank you, pascal. >> the first way is when they eat, they are taught very young that bigger is bettere prefer quality, and this is the enjoying aspect of the food. >> his first tip, smaller portions mean fewer calories and nothing is forbidden. even pasta. the french pasta had a tiny amount of sauce, but lots of flavor from fresh herbs and salty olives. the american dish was drenched in creamy sauce. and it's three times the size. tip two, saver your food and avoid mindless eating. i have trouble with this one. half the time i'm grabbing a quick lunch at my desk. and it's cold. it's not even good. no wonder i don't remember what i had for lunch. dr. cohen says those are classic american mistakes. oh, my goodness. instead, he says we need to enjoy the entire experience and linger over a meal. >> but, you know, you need ten minutes to realize if your hunger is cut or not. when you are served with a plate like that, you cannot consider it because you have your plate and you need to clean your plate. >> his third tip, never deprive yourself. he says it's better to have a smaller portion o

. >> caller: pascal, good afternoon.with randall robinson. >> caller: good afternoon, sir. you came to my undergraduate school when i was in college during the south africa protests and spoke with their work in transafrica, and i remember you vividly at that time. that was in 986. -- 1986. and i have three questions, but my first question to you is currently we have the first black president that is being celebrated by, you know, america and many people in our community, and i want to ask you as the former head of transafrica, how do you feel about the fact that our first black president currently is sending american troops into 35 african countries and that there's almost a complete silence on the part of the black intelligentsia and the black political elite in that regard and to the point where they would actually be astonished by the fact that someone with the track record and the amount of blood on our hands, african blood on her hands, susan rice would not be appointed secretary of state considering the history she

justin jeffries to pascal dupius. montreal atop the east with 42 points. the caps and bruins. first period. milan lucic finding horton. >> terrific job by

if you are a depositer, it's called what's called the pascal wager and a small probability of a very consequential event and you should move your money. >> one of the fundamental difference differences between the u.s. economy and euro zone. >> huge differences. the u.s. economy first and foremost dealt with the banking system up front and in a bold fashion. second, the u.s. economy is healing economically, so we are seeing the housing market recover, the corporate recovering the household, europe has yet to find growth. and thirdly, the u.s. economy has a flexible exchange rate which allows greater flexibility. >> thank you very much, indeed, for joining us. >> thank you. >> and the leaders of cyprus aren't the only ones under pressure these days. still to come on tonight's program, francois has only been leading france for a year and his poll numbers are already iving cause for concern. >> the berlin wall has been pulled down to make way for a building project. it's a controversial move as steve evans reports. > it's one of the most visited sites in better in -- berlin. when commun

. >> host: pascal, miami, you are on with randall robinson. >> caller: good afton in. i am a haitian american living in south florida. i have been a follower of your work for quite a while. and undergraduate school, when i was in college doing the south africa protests and spoke with your work and i remember you vividly at that time in 1986. my first question is currently we have the first black president. how you feel about the fact that our first black president is sending american troops into 35 african countries and almost a complete silence on the part of the black intelligentsia and the black elite in that regard to the point where they would actually be astonished by the fact that someone with a track record and the amount of blood on our hands, african blood on our hands, susan race would not be appointed secretary of state considering the history she has be appointed secretary of state considering the history she has related to the african continent, particularly that damaging history. >> host: your other question? >> caller: my other question regarding haiti.

a record he set back in may of 2011 when he beat jean pascal for the w-b-c light heavyweight title. >looked at 54 ----barbie.. made her first appearance on march 9th, 1959. this is what she would look at at 54. >> maybe some botox... Ñá

these are called pascal's vases. what i'm gonna do is i'm gonna fill up a tank over here, a reservoir, and water is gonna flow from this reservoir into here. i'll raise this up, and i'll water come from here into here. okay, gang. this little marker reminds me how high that is and we have a reading that's about up to here. let me put a little red mark so we can where it is. it'll be something like that, yeah. okay. now, let's take this down. empty the vase and we'll put on a bigger vase and i'll show you something rather remarkable. okay? like this one. more volume, yeah? but i'm gonna fill it to the same depth, and guess what we're gonna be seeing, gang. okay? it turns out this gauge is measuring the pressure over the height over here. but when the two heights become equal, then it'll indirectly tell us what the pressure is on the closer vase, the transparent one. so, a little higher. too much, too much, too much. and there we have same height and same pressure. isn't that nice? now, how can it be that this wider va

i don't think it's the thing pascal says, anyone who's a genius and doesn't know it probably isn't one, i think lincoln knew from the time he was a boy that he was able to do things intellectually that most people couldn't do. and i think he knew that his particular genius weirdly was not so much as a writer because i don't think he could have written just essays, he wasn't emerson. i think he knew that his genius was in politics which is a strange amalgam field. and i think he knew as everyone knew in the middle of the 19th century the main issue was going to be what was going to happen to slavery and could the country cohere. we knew this from the really from the constitutional era on. and i think he was terrified. it's a garden of gethsemane moment, it's like do i have to take up this cup of poison? he knew what would become of the person who stepped into the center of that crucible. and he also knew that it was probably his destiny that he had to. that he alone of all people in the united states, i believe, reallyaw how to do this. certainly no one else ga us any evidence of having

countries in the region and negligible proportion of its exports go to china despite having joined the pascal lines. the new the special embarking on an ambitious set of reforms, especially energy reform. you know, he got sanctioned from his party last weekend to move ahead with that. that's still going to be complicated. that's going to depend -- it's complex negotiations with the other party despite them already having reached a broad-based pact in december. so it's a -- a complex situation. but the broad outlook is positive. >> i want to go pack to the point about the slowdown we've seen in emerging markets. i think it was at jpms that we are looking at something like 2.3% global growth in the first quarter. by old standards, it would be considered recessionary. there's a sense if you talk to the imf that if we were below 3% given how fast the emerging markets are growing, effectively the world economy had slowed precipitously. is it your view that this is an inventory adjustment, or is there a sense in which the expansion that started back during the financial crisis has basically run its

on to antonio garcia pascal calls in analyst support suggest that n contagion fears are likely to beir. it's good of you to spare the time in what is obviously a very, very busy day for you. why do you think that the fallout will be contained? >> i mean, we think that you will be better equipped to such prices right now. vis-a-vis that. most of the banks in the periphery are on one way or another programs except for italy but italy to begin with was not a banking problem. in our view the decision was either to have a very large hair cut on the large debt or liabilities both in berlin. i think the lesser of the three was the banking liabilities choice. we don't know the details yet on those. >> sure. just elaborate on that, if you would, because the story we're trying to explain here is that you have a massively overblown banking system for the size of cyprus. and, therefore, if you recapitalize it, you get, through the sovereign debt, you get to a ridiculous and sustainable 150% of gdp and therefore effectively you have no choice but to be innovative albeit in a way that breaks taboo