amazing impact in the field the next phase, which began around 1860 began with a guy called pierre paul broca. >> rose: this is the anatomical phase? >> exactly. you know this stuff better than i do, for god's sakes. we should change positions. (laughs) >> rose: i'm a good student. >> better than that. he was interested in a particular brain disorder called aphagia, disorder of language. and he was interested in whether that could be localized in the brain and he found first one and then a group of patients who had a specific form of language disorder. they could understand language perfectly well but couldn't express themselves in language and when they died and came to autopsy found that invariably the left side of the brain and the front of the brain was a lesion. about 15 years later, carl wernicke, a injure manureologist picked up the study of aphagia and he found the patient who had the mirror image clinical picture. he could articulate, could express language but couldn't understand it. when he died and came to autopsy he had a lesion also on the left side and the lesion was at the bac