> it was developed in belgium in 1959 by one of the great scientific minds of the 20th century paul janssenowes janssen pharmaceutica and belgium and it was a compound in a small town in belgium and then one of the most fertile minds when it came to developing drugs he developed many drugs that were enormous benefit to humankind. fentanyl is one of them. fentanyl revolutionized surgery, it made it so you could do all kinds of surgeries that were not possible because itt allowed you to bring people into anesthesia and out of it very quickly. and that was a revelation. i've had fentanyl i had a heart attack five years ago and they gave me fentanyl is the standard drug then applied in surgery. tens of millions of kind all acrossal the country. it was initially controlled only for the use of anesthesiologist in surgical settings because they knew the potency which was the key to success in a surgical environment made it extraordinarily dangerous in the hands of people that didn't know what they were doing. that is effectively what happened since 2013 but 14, 15, 16 you have seen explosion of fe

paul janssen predicted these drugs as well. he wrote about them in a chapter in a book that i read comment did not understand terribly well but the help of chemists. but he saw the enormous potency of these drugs was something to be aware of and to care for. and i would say in the last ten years the underworld has simply discovered fentanyl and its enormous potency its profitability. you no longer need. you no longer need to grow poppies according to whatever season you have when you chemicals to make this. fentanyl itself is a revolutionary drug wonderful things for surgery in patients like me since the 60s. >> in her most recent book, the least of us the right drug overdose fatality each year surpassed the total of american deaths during the vietnam war. have we grown a little immune to this? >> you know, maybe yes i guess. it is hard to say. i know families who have been affected by are not. they feel it virtually every day. it lingers, it does not go away, the death of a loved one due to this. i would say yes, there isov th