let speak to paul plummer, a professor of let speak to paul plummer, a professor of rail let speak tofessor of rail strategy let speak to paul plummer, a professor of rail strategy at let speak to paul plummer, a professor of rail strategy at the university of birmingham. can you give us the background on why these job cuts are being proposed? the issues job cuts are being proposed? tue: issues facing job cuts are being proposed? tte: issues facing the railway are not new but they are more challenging and urgent as a result of the pandemic. we have had years of technical advances and advanced customer expectations, enormous growth, greater environmental concerns and challenges to the economy so we need the railway to be able to innovate and improve to reach —— meet those challenges, but some of the working practices have not kept pace with that so if we are not kept pace with that so if we are not able to address those, the danger is we have to see reductions in the railway, reductions and opportunities for people working in the railways, and if we can address those working practices,