for the pbs newshour this is economics correspondent paul solman in boston, massachusetts. >> woodruff: a pea is to be had to participate, though some financial fee is available. harvard would not disclose the exact amount but reports put the fee at more than $50,000. >> sreenivasan: it's been more than two years since russia invaded the ukrainian territory of crimea, home to a muslim population that has suffered greatly through the centuries. since the invasion, they are under pressure once more. from kiev, special correspondent kira kay reports our story, produced in partnership with the bureau for international reporting. >> reporter: here in the main mosque of ukraine's capital, kyiv, imam seram arifov leads friday prayers for the city's muslims, but he is more than 500 miles from his home in simferopol, crimea. >> ( translated ): i was a teacher, we had a private school. we were teaching the islamic religious sciences, we also taught the koran. i had to leave my homeland to continue my job in more acceptable conditions. we could not work in crimea anymore, they didn't let the scho

economics correspondent paul solman took a look at the issue, as part of his weekly "making sense" seriesich airs every thursday on the newshour. >> so here's amazon jungle. >> reporter: that's todd moore's "white noise" mobile phone app, which generates the call of the wild, and pretty much any other sound you can think of, to lull the sleep-challenged to la-la land. and this is frogs? >> yeah. don't you just want to fall asleep? >> reporter: i'm getting slightly drowsy. it was such a basic idea, moore didn't even bother to apply for a patent. and yet he himself was sued, for patent infringement. >> they were claiming a hyperlink inside the white noise app, that you would tap it and go to the internet. that was infringing on one or more of their patents. >> reporter: but doesn't almost every app have a hyperlink of some sort? >> yeah. if you're using the internet it does, so how can they say that's infringing on a patent? >> reporter: and all they were asking to go away: $3,500. welcome to the world of so- called "patent trolls." >> a patent troll is someone that makes their money by fil

economics correspondent paul solman suffered through this tough assignment, part of his weekly series, making sense, which airs thursdays. >> reporter: france in the caribbean: the islands of guadeloupe. pretty much as paradisal as their p.r. footage portrays them: french; exotic; with more than a hint of spice. all just four hours from new york and, if you book early, for $69 or less, november through april. >> flying to guadeloupe? >> reporter: because upstart norwegian airlines, some call it the southwest airlines of europe, is now undercutting the few big post-merger carriers and their few foreign partners, which among them control u.s. skies for travel abroad. anders lindstrom of norwegian. >> so the fare is not unique for a european airline, it just that really highlights how overpriced the american aviation market really is. >> reporter: founded in 1993, the low-cost airline is profitable, due to several advantages: high load factors; our plane was 90% full; brand- new boeings, the most fuel- efficient planes on earth. but mainly, says lindstrom... >> we don't have all the deca

economics correspondent paul solman spent a day with her in philadelphia to try to figure out what that trait is made up of. it's part of our weekly "making sense" report, which airs every thursday on the newshour. >> as the sound opens, we have to have the vibrato open more, see? >> reporter: world-renowned violist roberto diaz. diaz now heads the tuition-free curtis institute of music in philadelphia, the hardest college in america to get into, where he's taught for years. what sets diaz, d his students, apart? >> what we do here is teach students how to motivate themselves over a very long period of time. >> reporter: that pretty much defines "grit"-- the catchword concept of psychologist angela duckworth and subject of her new book "grit: the power of passion and perseverance." >> nobody gets to be good at something without effort, no matter what your aptitude is. and grit is about the effort part of the equation, right? grit says, you know, whatever your talent is, you're going to have to invest effort in order to develop skill. >> reporter: for years now, professor duckworth has b

paul, thank you. the ceo of edgington america. still ahead, bloomberg's live all day at the goldman sachs first annual leveraged finance conference are don't miss interviews with david solman it is 11:00 a.m. in new york and 11:00 p.m. in hong kong. i am betty liu. matt: i am matt miller live from p.m.. where it is 5:00 you are watching the european close on bloomberg market. let's take a look at where european equities are trading right now. we have losses across the board with the exception of the u.k. take a look and you will see the dax down on its first day of trading. it was closed yesterday for pentecost. about half aaining percent in london and that is enough to push up the stoxx 600 about 1/10 of 1%. take a look at the telecoms, there is a reason for the gains today. cdlfone is out saying the -- the ceo saying he has seen moreso