a leading pharmacy manager or pbm. as you know, they assist health plans, unions, and governments to design benefit options that meet their members needs and help drive down costs. that being said, we think that cvs is more than just a pbm and drugstore chape. we consider ourselves a part of the fabric of american society working to improve the lives and health of our customers and to provide those services at the lowest possible cost. because of that thinking, we have made significant investments in our people and in our infrastructure here in the u.s.. we believe that's our only gailings as part of the -- obligation as part of the american business community. now, over the past five years, we have reinvested more than $10 billion of our earnings in the domestic operations and our employees, but we do believe that we can do more. our company is committed to making significant future investments in our service officerrings, our technology, our people, and other improvements to our infrastructure and operations. tax ref