pearl harbor was shallow. 45 feet roughly. the u.s. navy's torpedos needed more depth than that to work. the pacific fleet assumed they needed that much too. if the fleet was tied up at its home port, it would be safe. .... would be safe. nobody seems to have wondered whether the japanese, who also knew the depth of pearl harbor, no one seems to have wondered whether the japanese would tackle the problem rather than simply accept and they did tackle it and they solved it. that was going to be japan's main point of attack, that fleet was indeed bonged for the philippines to the dutch east indies for singapore, all of which japan did attack in the next few days. many in the japanese navy wanted to confine to that part of the world and prefer to leave the pacific fleet alone. and if it came forth to stop japan's conquest after america had declared war, they preferred to deal with american fleet on their side of the pacific ocean. and besides these japanese naval officers argued, a surprise attack on pearl harbor would be enormously risky

we tend to think of pearl harbor as a bolt from the blue. the united states was minding its own business and along came the japanese and started world war ii. in reality, any american paying reasonable attention in 1941 as helen was new war with japan was drawing closer and incidentally, it was literally in all the papers almost every day. to get it to stop attacking countries in the far east especially china. and there was a belief that eventually america would have to use force, stepping with forces to stop the japanese. when war came, it would be by our choice, not theirs. by late november and early december diplomats and other sources were reporting japanese warships and troop transports were departing from ports in occupied china and heading south. these were not the same ship that had begun sailing to hawaii that i mentioned a few moments ago. nobody would ever know of these ships, these were other ships that were easier to see because they were leaving from china where they were western spies and not leading from japan, the southbound

right after pearl harbor, roosevelt said to king, tell nimitz to get out to pearl harbor and stay there until the war is won. nimitz did, takes a train across country, kind of in shock, ends up flying from the west coast to pearl harbor and he assumes come manned on the deck on december 21st of 1941. he later joked he took command on the submarine because it was the only ship that survived the attack. that was nimitz' sense of humor. obviously, it wasn't quite that bad. what nimitz did recognize, i think what's important to the upcoming battles, not only at coral sea but certainly at midway, nimitz recognized despite the horrific loss of american lives and treasure, there were really three things where it could have been an awful lot worse. the carriers were not important. where would we be with midway if the carriers or some had been sunk at pearl harbor. the second is the submarine forces he alludes to really is generally in tact. it will have problems with faulty torpedos but it will take the attack to the enemy very very quickly. the third thing, admiral nugomo was going to come und

nobody had any doubt about that at pearl harbor. but when nimitz on may 14 purported -- reported hypo's message to washington, he ran into that bus stop. -- that buzz saw. the secretary of war and others believed yamamoto not intended to his midway, but the american west coast in retaliation for the doolittle raid that had bombed tokyo and 4 other cities. , we know heish king temperamental,as had a lot of anger and rage. keywords mere curio. ercurial. he had doubts about midway. thatdid something astonished nimitz's staff, he changed his mind and accepted nimitzs'assessment. kingz had to cajole from the transfers from the coral see to midway, but king went along with it. , this little group of crypto analysts working separately, did not agree with hypo and told king that hypo was making a terrible mistake, and that if king followed hypo's lead, he would be making a terrible mistake. op-20-g analysts believed that the imperial navy might be headed for somalia -- for samoa. for they thought perhaps hawaii itself would be the name targ

there were four carriers in the pacific, actually three of them at pearl harbor. was off of san diego at the time. and enterprise with bill halsey is en route to resupply things on wake island. and then lexington pulls out of pearl harbor as late as december 5th, that friday, and takes a fleet of similar aircraft towards midway. they don't end up making that delivery, but -- that's kind of the history of the carriers to december 7th. i would agree with you they're , very important. saratoga, by the way gets , torpedoed very soon and ends up not being involved in the actions early on in 1942. it's repaired, but it's not available for early operation. and of course what i didn't , mention in the brief overview is hornet and enterprise are involved with the dolittle raid. alreadytz has dispatched them after that with halsey into the coral sea. they just don't arrive until after the battle. at coral sea. >> should admiral king, nonetheless, have been fired in 1942 for what he did not do in the atlantic? walter: for what he did not do where? >> in the atlantic. walter:

>> so we're told that intel missed the attack on pearl harbor or the lead-up to the attack on pearl harbor. we can debate that on another talk show. but during the attack was there any collection going on, and did we garner any valuable information from that collection that helped break the code later on? >> you're asking me what was his unit doing the battle? they were stumped. i have to say that rochford often said he got half of it right. he did predict the japanese, the pearl navy attack to the west in singapore and east asia and malaysia. he saw that coming and reported that to happen a week before it happened. so he wasn't totally asleep at the switch. but he thought that all of the imperil navy capital ships were tied down on these other missions down and they had nothing left over. he didn't think to go to pearl harbor. and he felt very uneasy that day. he had a suspicious in his bones something might happen. but there is no question he missed it and all you can say is that ships, when they travel, and if they don't emit signals, there is no way your signal people can pick up the s

right after pearl harbor, roosevelt said to king, tell nimitz to get out to pearl harbor and stay there until the war is done. he did. he takes a train across country, he's kind of in shock. he ends up flying from the west coast to pearl harbor and assumes command on the deck of the grayling on december 31st of 1941. and he later joked that he took command on a submarine because it was the only ship that survived the attack. that was his sense of humor. obviously it wasn't quite that bad. what nimitz did recognize, and i think what's important to the upcoming battles not only at coral sea but certainly at midway, nimitz recognized that despite the horrific loss of american lives and treasure, there were really three things where it could have been an awful lot worse. the carriers were not in port. where would we be with midway if the car yriers had been sunk at pearl harbor? the submarine forces he alludes to really is generally intact. it's going to have some problems with faulty torpedos, but it's going to take the attack to the enemy very, very quickly. the third thing, and, you know

he's kind of in shock, he ends up then flying from the west coast to pearl harbor. and he assumes command on the deck of the gray lg on december 31st of 1941. and he later joked that he took command on a submarine because it's the only ship that would have survived the attack. well, that was his sense of humor, obviously it wasn't quite that bad. but what nimitz didn't recognize, and i think what's important to the up coming battles, he recognized that despite the horrific loss of american lives and treasure, there were really three things where it could have been an awful lot worse. the carriers were not important. where would be at midway if the carriers or some of the carriers had been sunk at pearl harbor? the second thing is the summary thing he eludes to really is intact. it's going to take the attack to the enemy very, very quickly. and the third thing, and admiral negumo is going to come under criticism for not launching a third attack wave, but the if the oil tanks, if the dry dock facilities, if allf that infrastructure had been destroyed on december 7th,

it was the main this and that have been left after pearl harbor. the result is because of the doolittle rate, yamamoto gets his way. he will be able to go straight to the central pacific instead of focusing for the attention on trying to go back to crawl -- coral sea. it becomes a failure for the japanese. there is nothing preventing them from trying it again. now yamamoto wants to go toward midway because he wants a decisive battle. that was the plan. the plan as it comes out -- as the japanese fleet goes out to midway is the highly complex one. it is in several formations. one is the main force of carriers coming from the homeland. it is heading across the northeast and then they will come down and strike midway from the northwest. the other was straight across to be ready to bombard and cover the landings on midway when they get the go-ahead signal after having completed the red and the hope of the destruction of the american carrier force. the landing forces coming up from the kuan direction. -- from the guam direction. a bunch of transport and

starting from pearl harbor all the way through february to the start of march they conquered indonesia, malaysia, singapore, philippines. this area was what was a concern to the japanese army to make sure they continued to defend. so the next question that arose was, which direction would their next offensive go? the japanese general headquarters, both the navy and the army side, they wanted to go down here. to cut off the supply line to australia and to put australia in a position where at a later date they could even look at raids or invasion of some of the coast. so this was a preference of the japanese general staff, both army and navy. however, the victor of pearl harbor, yamamoto, commander and chief of the combined fleet, he wanted to go to the central pacific in this direction because he wants to force a major battle with the u.s. navy and especially the surviving carriers. these are the main choices. now, this was in the balance when the doolittle raid happens. on that day, e-25 bombers launch from the hornet covered by the enterprise, attack tokyo and other japanese cities on

in a carrier raid a lot like pearl harbor, two of them. at the same time, they are setting up for the battle of coral sea. when the raid happens, this turning it on its head because the japanese carrier fleet is on its own. on april 18th, it is literally near modern taiwan on its way back home. at the same time two of the carriers are detaching and heading for coral sea from the main japanese carrier force. when doolittle raids hits, it puts all this in what could only be described a tizzy because it puts threat on japan for future attacks. one of the bombs of the doolittle raiders even hits one of the japanese carriers under construction, which was in dry dock at the time being converted. the reason i mention that is it was a matter of pride to the japanese that one of their new carriers being built is also actually him right there at home in the navy yard. to them it wasn't a trivial thing. it spoke of the fact of all the more need to get rid of the carriers that caused this because that was a main loose end that had been left after pear

they sent six aircraft carriers to hawaii to attack pearl harbor. caught us completely off-guard. they ten took the philippines. they pushed south to new guinea. they really owned the pacific. they pushed into the east indies in january and february of 1942. their goal, their goal, whenever they pushed south, was to control australia as well and to cut our lifeline. we were continuing to supply australia and keep them in the fight. then a fantastic thing happened for our country. and we heard about it yesterday. on april 18th, 1942, the dolittle raiders hit tokyo. that was a turning point. we didn't realize it at the time. yamamoto, the combined commander of the chief, had been pushing the emperor and the leadership of japan to take midway. they said no, we want to push south and take australia. the dolittle raid gave him the backing he needed to push his plan to invade and take midway. his thinking and his argument was, we've got to protect the eastern approach to tokyo. we can't allow the americans to attack us unknown again. and so that really se

most of news in the six months after pearl harbor coming out of the war waycros not good for th u.s. there were not a lot of victories being tallied in the newspaper. there was a lot of valor in terms of hall lies holding the line for a long time before you, know, the ten or curricular or you know the plhilippinesfell. midway was the first point at which we won a successful major invasion. ford was there, he said later he assumed he was there to make a documentary about life at a remote naval outpost. instead when he got there, he learned that a japanese attack was imminent and that the u.s. was prepared. on the morning of midway, he was stationed on the roof of a powerhouse with a camera and a couple of men from his unit with cameras who were perfectly positioned to capture incoming japanese zeroes. he was alternating footing footage and being on the phone to the naval officers below, just telling them what he was seeing. and he shot until a piece of shrapnel hit him in the arm and knocked the film and its camera out of its sprockets. and, you know, he was the first hollywood filmma

the result of that attack will be such that it causes more death than pearl harbor. more casualties than pearl harbor. they are thinking, what is this guy talking about? one of the other result is that the two tall buildings we are going to build 10 years from now, 30 years from now they will come crumbling down. you are telling me to be predictive. i'm looking long-term. we don't have any buildings yet. we will build some buildings. 30 years after that the united states will undergo an attack of which they will be more deaths than pearl harbor. and one of the results of that will be these two tall buildings that don't exist now will come crumbling down. i'm sure people are sitting there like where is this guy going? i could see the first question being ok, general, you are saying the united states will undergo an attack of which there will be more deaths than pearl harbor? right. what is the enemy going to be armed with that will cost thousands of people to die on the continental united states? like death rays, neutron bombs, laser guns? what kind of futuristic weap

what happens after pearl harbor in the war? what is the environment in which the manhattan project develops? harbor,hs after pearl --re is the great battle navy battles of midway and carl c. the united states defeats the midway andeet at carl sea. that stops the advance of the japanese forces towards our country. and it begins the process of turning the war in the pacific difficult, bloody process of island hopping but one island battle after another begins. that is just six months after pearl harbor. that is june of 1942. that's the war in the pacific. it has turned around within six months. the war in europe takes longer. septemberthat begins of 1939. the united states comes in right after pearl harbor. stalingrad in the 1942-1943 stops the german advance and begins the process of turning the war around and moving the soviet forces towards germany. 1943, whichpring of opensctly when los alamos in april of 1943, the war is moving in the direction of victory for the united states. churchill and roosevelt and the american militar

pearl harbor, not the president of the united states, but eleanor roosevelt. atam speaking to you tonight a very serious moment in our history. the cabinet is convening and the leaders in congress are meeting with the president. the state department and army and navy officials have been with the president all afternoon. in fact, the japanese ambassador was talking to the president at the very time that japan's airships were bombing our citizens in hawaii and the philippines. and sinking one of our transports loaded with lumber on its way to hawaii. by tomorrow morning, the members of congress will have a full report to be ready for action. transports loaded within the me, are already prepared for action. a it was the first time that first lady and probably the only time that a first lady would have addressed the nation about a national crisis. mrs. roosevelt had one of the modern inventions of that time, the television in her home. television watcher, maybe she turned it on to see political conventions or important news story. but she was a person who used to

for they become so valuable like the pearl harbor speech. someone comes in want to see the original draft of the pearl harbor speech we have to bring out a reproduction. because the speech is both fragile and priceless. so some speeches or some material we create reproductions which we share other times you can actually, we will bring the box out to you. you signed it out and sit at the desk and you can look at the materials. many of the books are available for people to come and look at in the reference room. they cannot take them home but they can look at them. some books again, they have become so fragile or valuable that they cannot be checked out. if there shown to an historian or someone it is usually someone that is preserving the book. so we have to think in terms of hundreds of years. he wanted materials to be available three generations from now. and so the preservation has to balance with the accessibility. one of the guiding strategies is called make access happen. so there's a whole digitization process going on. where we want t

temple went mia after the pearl harbor attacks in 1941. they tried for decades to find out what happened to them. they were finally able to bring about when u.s. navy representatives made dna match. the other members are comforted to have some closure. >> back to politics now. georgia's record-setting election for a vacant house he does just two days away. democrats desperate for a win after losing daschle elections in kansas and montana with john on both running against republican businesswoman karen handel for the seat vacated when republican tom price became the health and human services secretary. mary ann rafferty is here now with more. hi, mary ann. >> high, our cell. it's a hotly contested race in georgia and not the most expensive race in history. the sixth congressional district vacated by health and human services secretary tom price at a rally saturday for karen handel. she was joined by former governor current agriculture secretary sonny purdue who stressed the importance of getting out to vote. >> it's time to be sending us e-

he asked him why he thought the japanese fleet was not heading east to hit pearl harbor again. he know about the code breaking, but not to answer him. he narrowed his eyes and no one spoke for 45 seconds. that is a long time when you have an admiral staring at you. finally he said, we just hope they don't. frustrated, the squadron commanders left the briefing and let the pilots know they should expect a big battle soon, june 4. most pilots were smart enough to know what was happening. they received orders to keep absolute radio silence. pilots cannot use their radio, even under emergency circumstances. and theyengines failed ditched, they cannot even really their final position. there was a procedure called the beanbag. it is a bean-filled bag dropped onto the flight deck with an urgent message attached. it convinced the pilots something was afoot. sailing our way westward, but keeping absolute radio silence. to us, this had chilling significance. every pilot knew a great battle confronted the fleet. said a breath of unspoken confidence passed between the pilots. he wrote, as n

next, author walter bornman talks about the lead-off of the battle including the attack on pearl harbor just six months earlier. it was part of a day long symposium to mark the battle's anniversary. it's 45 minutes. >> our first speaker today is walter bornman, the author

this was pearl harbor then. the next day, roosevelt went to congress and ask for declaration of a state of war with only one dissension, a pacifist who had voted against war in 1917. so britain and the united states were now engaged in war. britain immediately declared war on japan. indeed it might be disastrous for war in europe because material might be taken from europe and sent to the pacific, except the situation was transformed four days later by hitler making the greatest stake of his career, which was to declare war on the united states. mussolini, italy was allied with germany, also declared war. this was completely unnecessary. he did not need to declare war just because they were allies with japan, but saw it as a mark of solidarity and genuinely believed that japan from one side and germany from the other side would be able to crush the united states, which is a decadent sort of country and so on, so he made his mistake and declaring war on the united states, which meant that the united states was no

winston churchill came famously and sent -- as spent christmas at the white house after pearl harbor in 1941. they don't have the same tradition in england of ornamented christmas trees. they sat on the portico and the white house and watched the lighting of the christmas tree. next year, fdr had a christmas tree ship to him at 10 downing street during the war. he wanted winston churchill to have one of his christmas trees. host: can the public walk-through where his private papers are? i mean, private books are? guest: no, there is a glass door where you can see in. you can see the bookshelf was new york and dutchess county history. because of the security involved in preserving these books, the public is not allowed. host: what are the roles about people touching these books? does anybody get to read them? guest: we do have a public research room open to the public. you can go into the research room, asked for certain documents for speeches, for books. over time, certain documents become fragile or they become so valuable, like the pearl harbor speech. if someone wants to see the o

charles, when you look at russia hacking our democracy, does pearl harbor comehe to mind?charles: i think that's a deranged analogy. >> tucker: [laughs] >> it's like saying one of the worst scandals since the teapot dome. watergate is insignificant compared to it. lordy, i am not a trump apologist. >> tucker: i can vouch for that. >> charles: i love the word "lordy." i will adopt it for my own. so far, it starts with the charge the russians have interfered in our elections and the comey hearing, people got all incredibly sanctimonious. comey said it's not a republican issue, it's not a democrat, it's an american issue, a threat to our democracy. yes, they leaked some documents ,we think. the idea that they actually tampered with the system, the russians have been doing this just about every election and every country that we know. a it's just a little more obvious this time. but imagine that this had happened in 2012 and it was but romney, the man who said russia is our biggest enemy, it was at the receiving end of russia hacking and that the accusation was they reelected

even before pearl harbor and therefore before our formal entry into the war, roosevelt was preoccupied with the question of how this might be accomplished. he had no pat answer. this was the president who didn't dealing pat answers but the question how he could succeed where wilson failed was seldom far from his mind. we think of wilson and roosevelt as being in separate historical eras. each has his own world war, yet when you think about it, the wilson administration ended just 12 years before the roosevelt administration began. they are as far apart as george w. bush and donald trump are not timescale. the presence and experience of world war i and our efforts to stay out of it, were on many minds but principally on the president's. i think i can handle stalin better than your foreign office or my state department, roosevelt wrote to churchill early on before we were formally at war. properly handled a dictator might be the key to victory in the postwar world. wasn't a sure thing. it was a proposition to be tested. tehran was to be the first test. similarly the chronology, the back

i consider this an attack against the united states by kin the attack on pearl harbor.ggression that is what we can do about it. attack on america now that we have this cyber area of living? asheville, north carolina on our independent line. caller: they're in a tough spot. thanks to c-span. you're the only vehicle out there that see both sides of it. i watch jeh johnson on c-span this week. i watched the whole thing. he said he had all this evidence of the hacking going on and the day he released his report it that the access hollywood tapes came out. the media swallow that up and gave very little attention the hacking. the other fact is there voting machines could not be hacked, they are not attached to the internet. said- jeh johnson also that they went to the dnc and told them that they have potential of being hacked and the rnc but the dnc would not turn their super over. everybody knew hillary was going to win and the leverage was to go to and if hillary won. he had access to of the stuff that all the stuff she had. he had access to her server and everything is de

over time, certain documents become fragile or they become so valuable, like the pearl harbor speech.f someone wants to see the original draft, we have to bring out a reproduction, because that speech is both fragile and priceless. some speeches, some material, we create reproductions, which we share with the public. other times we will bring the box out, you sign it out, and you can look through the material. many of the books are available for people to look at in the reference room. they can't take them home, but they can look. there are some books, again, that have become so fragile or valuable that they can't be checked out. if they are shown to a historian, there is usually an archivist holding the book. we have to think in terms of hundreds of years. we want these materials to be available three generations from now. so the preservation has to balance with the accessibility. one of the guiding strategies for the national archives is called "make access happen." there is a digitization process, where we want to digitize these documents, put them online, make them as widely acces

. >> coming up -- >> i was born five days before pearl harbor. these days families want to be connected 24/7. that's why at comcast, we're always working to make our services more reliable. with technology that can update itself. and advanced fiber network infrastructure. new, more reliable equipment for your home. and a new culture built around customer service. it all adds up to our most reliable network ever. one that keeps you connected to what matters most. >>> with more than 9,000 inmates and 6 different facility, maricopa's special response team has the massive task of keeping the jail secured. >> we searched 73,000 bunks last year. 73,000 bunks are a lot of bunks. you know? so that's our job. >> one way they do this is through frequent inspections for contraband. >> [ bleep ]. >> get down! on the ground! get on the ground now! >> okay, they're opening lower tier. once they're strip searched they're going into the rec yard. straight down the middle. straight down the middle. >> though the goal of these raids is to neutralize threats, some

there is another incident involving betty the year is1, 1941 that is a low point for the allies pearl harbor which just bombed the british were pushed off the continent of europe germany marches into russia and at this point russia comes to united states and tries to convince them so eventually even if they are working towards this decision the british government decides they will get into north africa. so then what those in the central area have headquarters as the independent state and they are allowed to have an embassy in the united statesembs and betty is told to get the cipher from the embassy. it is on the second floor mitigated is a in an impossible mission so she goes about the mission looking for of friend and bruce is a french man who likes good food and then goes to interview him the next eight -- the next day calls and asks for lunch. bedro and what never happens to her to fall in love and to be the largest in greatestof love of my life and has no problems to pass that on.nd >> bin that the trail is very repetitious.s bruc and then coming up with the plan and then to do you appr

and i call it a psychological pearl harbor.ng the truth of what happens to the russians. this is how this business with the fbi director, the investigations into president trump turned out. president trump todays, he was desperate to change if narrative. comey yesterday for one of the few days in the trump presidency, another person controlled the narrative, and he was masterful in weaving his own narrative as he would in presentation to a jury. and president trump in effect said to himself, i have to get out there tomorrow no matter what it takes, and i've got to reseize the narrative, which he did today. most people are not talking about comey. they're focusing on what president trump did and didn't do. >> the new bombs. >> he didn't say when he was going to testify under oath, but it's a headline. this business of being so coy about the tapes. listen, this is not normal. let's see it for what it is. if he has tapes, we need to have the tapes played. this business of saying, well, i'm going to doll out a little news today and

6t, 1941 was the lead pilot in one of the bomber squads that took off from japan and attacked pearl harbor. he was a star pilot and led a division there. 50 years later to the day as an old man he came to a ceremony at pearl harbor, came forward in broken english and apologized to some of the elderly survivors on the ground and spent the rest of his life close with some of them. think about that transformation. if one of those men he befriended became a captive during world war ii, he might have happily walked them to death in the baton march. if he had been a captive of one of the american men who killed him he might have taken his skull as a souvenir which was a standard thing with dead japanese. and instead 50 years later he is writing a letter to that man's grandchildren consoling them when grandpa died. change can occur over the course of hours. the example of the first winter of world war one. the christmas truce. the idea was along the trenches of france, people could come out and retrieve bodies and no and bury them. german and british troops came out and retrieved bodies and they

and new york times for covering her e-mail scandal like it was pearl harbor.that the former president lost the election. she claimed she lost because obama served two terms as president p. mr. obama and mrs. clinton are battling with attention. they have their own brewing scandal. mrs. clinton has her old ones and mr. obama has had his new ones and there is no public clor in the public mind space and now joe biden can't stand it. missing that attention he drew as vice-president. looking at obama and clinton and saying to himself, no more. crazy joe is now ready to grab his wing of the left wing mind share and launching his own pack. and knowing joe as we all do, he will get attention but likely not helpful to dems or biden. obama rey seeded mostly from public view assy we got used to his entry as his investigation and spying. and as long as clinton keeps up her tour they will democrats that shake their heads. president trump is withdrawing for the paris accord. >> it is time to exit the pars accord and pursue a new deal that protects the environment and countr

the divisions there and 50 years later to the day as an old man he came towards a ceremony at pearl harbor commemorating it as an old man came forward in broken english and apologized to some of the elderly survivors on the ground there and spend the rest of his life close with some of them. think about that transformation. if one of those men he befriended had become a captive during world war ii he might've happily walk them to death in the bataan death march and if he had been a captive of one of those american men he might very well have died. instead, 50 years later he's writing a letter to that man's grandchildren consoling them when grandpa has died. change can occur even faster over the course of hours and the example that mesmerizes me was the first winter of world war i. powers that be had worked out a truce that was supposed to go for a couple of hours and the idea was along the trenches of the france people would be up to come out and retrieve body from no man's land and bury them. so, german and british troops came out and retrieve the bodies into soon they helped each other c