some people say pearl harbor. pearl harbor is a geographic location, not a learned event. military, the naval and air forces of the empire of japan attack pearl harbor. the reason why i'm taking time to clarify this is that most people knee jerk, most americans say, oh, the japanese bombed pearl harbor. actually, mr. fujiwara didn't wake up and say i'm going to bomb pearl harbor. the military forces, the naval and air forces of the empire of japan bombed pearl harbor, in much the same way you are american citizens but you did not kill those children in afghanistan. just a couple days ago, the american military forces through collateral damage killed those children. all right. america suddenly is thrust into world war ii. and it has a problem. the problem is america claims to be the home of democracy and equality, et cetera, but there's some disturbing glitches here. number one, of course, the american armed forces are segregated. africans and europeans are not allowed to serve together. perhaps more embarrassing, the united states has an exclusion act based on race against

the japanese had bombed pearl harbor. my dad and my aunt looked at each other. they were thinking the same thing. their oldest brother was a sepia chief petty officer stationed on perl. so a lot of things were going through their minds. my grandparents did not have a radio. so my dad and my aunt decided to not say anything to them when they arrived. luckily my uncle called. it was an inordinate amount of time they heard from him but you can imagine what they all went through. as time went on, shortly after that my grandparents of course got word the japanese bombed pearl harbor. but my uncle called and he was in six bay that day recovering from an appendectomy. thank god he was safe. >> host: could you bring this to a wrap? >> caller: yes, yes. a sickly nationalism was running very good. my other aunts they worked in the factory making military belts in connecticut paid my other two uncles of course my dad served in the marines, my uncle in the navy and my other uncle in the army. it was a time of being proud to be an w american. i just want to say mr. shirley t

pearl harbor happened, cy tries to enlist. he's rejected. he's got bad teeth, he's got bad knees. they said, forget about it. a couple of years later, and i believe the timing was such that his son, buddy, had lied about his age, said he was a year older than he actually was, and enlisted in the marines at the age of 16. so cy, in 1943, out of his own pocket, pays to get his knees repaired, pays to get his teeth fixed, is allowed to enlist in the navy. he's serving in the european theatre of operation. his son, buddy, is with the marines in the pacific. bill, pick up the story from there. >> well, buddy was killed on christmas day, 1943. in the solomon islands. the u.s. marine corps lost 325 soldiers that day. he had just turned 17 and he was killed. his dad, of course, was already serving, he was on a ship over in europe, and nine months later he had his own misfortune. he was on a mine sweeper and the mine sweeper didn't do as good a job sweeping this particular mine, i guess, because it blew up the ship and 58 members of that crew were killed. sy rosenthal survived, but he was

fujiama didn't wake up and say i'm going to bomb pearl harbor. just like saying you are mesh citizens, but you did not kill those children in afghanistan. the american military forces did. the problem is america claims to be the home of democratic industry and equality, et cetera, but there are some disturbing glitches here. the american armed forces are segregated. africans and europeans are not allowed to serve together. perhaps more embarrassing, the united states has an exclusion act based on race against one of the allies. there are portions of china not ruled by the amateur of japan that were called free china. so this is embarrassing to the united states who must go to the whole show of repealing the chinese exclusion act in 1943. in 1943 for the first time, chinese men here can apply for citizenship, can marry american women who are citizens, and begin the process of getting ready to own property. again, this may sound like ancient history to you, but my father was here in 1943 as a chinese, as a resident, and discovers he could stay and

and looking at from pearl harbor and right across the street with the rotc.hen to run across the street and those other cadets on the campus. and then those hawaii territorial. but then they were issued guns. so then that night finding themselves down and waterfront can on —- patrolling the waterfront guarding what everybody expected would be the invasion by japanese imperial forces. unfortunately as we will see in a clip in a moment his time was cut short. >> go ahead and share the clip. >> and then two or three nights in a row with five rounds of ammunition. so what was that? and what we were referring to. and then a month and half later and then to say we word report down waking up at 2:00 o'clock in the morning. >> . >> and then commander and told us point-blank. and then to argue i'm pretty sure he refused to his japanese ancestors. so as of now you are being discharged. >> i really like that clip and i should mention at the center for oral history. and his wife and some of the things in your book came to mind and you describe him in the book. at the uni

the attack on pearl harbor. on seeing that he ran across the street because he was enrolled at the university was a member of the rotc. he ran across the street and dozens and hundreds of other rotc cadets on campus. the quickly formed into called the hawaii territorial guard. that night, they were issued guns that they did not know how to use. that night he found himself down on the waterfront in honolulu patrolling the waterfront guarding against what everyone would expect to be an invasion by chinese imperial forces at any moment. were going to see in a clip here in a moment i think time in the territorial guard. >> will show the clip talk about the hawaii territory. [inaudible] we were serving and i don't know what we would've done. [inaudible] a month and a half later, woke up at 2:00 o'clock in the morning. [inaudible] we wondered what was going on. it was assembled acting commander of the battalion and came and told us point blank, why you are here this morning? because all of you americans of of japanese

and yet when i was researching pearl harbor in the immediate aftermath, there were images and tropes literally the same images were being brought up again against the asians. that in itself was interesting to me that these ideas have been embedded in the american consciousness for so long and they keep getting pulled up and recycled. and, of course, recently over the last four or five years and especially the past four or five months we've seen the same thing again with regards to covid where these images and these associations with disease and so forth are being weaponized. they are already there. they are already something that is been in the american consciousness for a long time, so it was eye-opening for me. >> i like in your book you bring these issues up, the racism. you don't necessarily hit people over the head with it but i remember reading the book and you get some interest in the personal stories, and some cases that almost overwhelms you but you take a step back and realize dan talked about things like japanese-americans helping to liberate death camps in germany while t

so we see her at the beginning of the book when pearl harbor happens.er in the book towards the end and in tokyo and other cities takes place and she is working with another sister and her husband they moved to another village near hiroshima. and he had a job in downtown hiroshima she actually missed her train into the city so while she was waiting for the next train into the city she saw the bombing and the mushroom cloud. she didn't know what it was. nobody had ever seen anything like that. so the next day when the trains got running she got close enough to downtown to walk into what was left of the city and spent several days wandering along the ruins to help people. that she found herself nursing and taking care of the victims of the bombing. it makes interesting book and to the story even just a different view we have had of that story. >> another question from the audience. my great uncle was part of the 442 a joint service was held for my uncle and another 442 soldier killed in action in the families who were incarcerated attended the family serv

there was pearl harbor obviously [inaudible] but they never talked about the effect december 7 heavenncivilian americans and how america changed literally overnight and i meangh literally overnight and how the war impacted the national mood. something like three weeks after pearl harbor ford motor company and fischer auto body parts and goodyear rubber stopped making cars and by the way they issued proclamationsoc on how many you could use. they stopped making cars on the orders of united states government started making b-20 five bombers out of fabricated auto parts. you couldn't use -- the government sent out a memo to radio operators and radio station holders you cannot use video owners and operators. you can't use them for promotional purposes. you can do that. he couldn't ride cast. they took a loose lips sink ships quite literally and gave instructions to these radio stations on what they could and couldn't o say and everybody followed the orders because they believed their mission was at risk and the nation was being threatened. it's fascinating how much, how homogenous our nati

there was pearl harbor obviously [inaudible] but they never talked about the effect december 7 heavenncivilian americans and how america changed literally overnight and i meangh literally overnight and how the war impacted the national mood. something like three weeks after pearl harbor ford motor company and fischer auto body parts and goodyear rubber stopped making cars and by the way they issued proclamationsoc on how many you could use. they stopped making cars on the orders of united states government started making b-20 five bombers out of fabricated auto parts. you couldn't use -- the government sent out a memo to radio operators and radio station holders you cannot use video owners and operators. you can't use them for promotional purposes. you can do that. he couldn't ride cast. they took a loose lips sink ships quite literally and gave instructions to these radio stations on what they could and couldn't o say and everybody followed the orders because they believed their mission was at risk and the nation was being threatened. it's fascinating how much, how homogenous our nati

immediately after pearl harbor. the ring forced out of their homes in southern positions in her possession for pennies on the dollar or give them away they were having to walk away from their things. and yet at the same time, some of them like millions of other american men, they felt they should do something for their country and many wanted to volunteer for the military. they were told they were not able to volunteer for the american military simply because of their japanese ancestry. so you do if your young man in a situation. so the story revolved around four young men. it was imported i think also very much about their families and their experiences coming from japan and trying to make away in hawaii with mainland of the united states. so the four young men of the nucleus of the story but the families other people coming to play along the way. >> you mentioned these four young fan. much of the first image, this is of gordon - and when we talk about the men, this first one we are talking about actually did milit

at school classmates glare at you and accuse you of bombing pearl harbor. they call you a jap like it's a dirty word and inside you burn with shame. every japanese american you know is loyal to america and wants america to win the war. your brother albert wants to serve in the army. if you weren't so young, you'd enlist, except that now the government is saying that if you're japanese american you can't serve. there's widespread fear that japan will invade the west coast of the united states and a fear that japanese-americans like you who live along the coast will assist them. 125,000 of this country's 150,000 japanese-americans live close to the pacific ocean. you stand out because of your appearance and your names. you tend to live together in communities like japan town so you're easy to find. all of you are now required to register with authorities. then the government impresses an 8:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. curfew. some people's bank accounts are frozen leaving them unable to pay their bills. their businesses are padlocked. papa's license to sell insurance

i wrote that on generate 22nd not too long after pearl harbor. so he did change his mind as we can see here. when he did change his mind dick end up in the ranks of the parachute infantry regiment that was located we can see some of the camp here in the background. dick wrote that february it is our motto our battle cry for it is taken from a mountain at toccoa georgia. the 13 miles high lease to run up. the record was 42 minutes. i made it in 441 day. i'm strictly no runner there, just did it by plugging along. want to hit europe in my travel shall have a letter from each country and a souvenir. that includes berlin and tokyo. if i must do it myself. here we see a man of sublime confidence as he is involving himself and parachute training. so the copy of the often stayed behind and read his books. part of his success as a combat leader. a lot of the guys would go out and have a beer and go out on dates. dick would stay behind and study his manuals. he felt he had a job to do. >> that's also my favorite artifact that is featured in the book. we c

the japanese began the war from the air at pearl harbor. [inaudible]. this bomb they have now added a new and revolutionary increase in destruction to supplement the growing power of our armed forces. in their present form, these bombs are now in more production and even more powerful bombs are in development. it is an atomic bomb. it is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe. the force from which the sun draws its power has been loosed against those who brought war to the far east. we have spent more than 2 billion dollars on the greatest scientific gamble in history, and we have won. but the greatest [inaudible] is not the secrecy or its cost, but the achievement in making it work. >> follow us on social media at c-span history for more of this

the japanese again the war from there at pearl harbor. they had been repaid many times, and the end is not yet. with this bomb we have not added a new and revolutionary destruction to supplement the growing power of our armed forces. in the present form these bombs are now in production, and even more powerful bombs are in development. it was an atomic bomb. it is the basic power of the universe. release those against those who brought war to the far east. we have spent more than $2 billion on the greatest scientific gamble in history, and we have one. but the greatest novel is not the size of the enterprise. secrecy or its cost but the achievement of scientific brains and making it work. >> follow us on social media at c-span history for more this date in history posts. >> depression, supreme court, historical society. it's my honor and pleasure to welcome you to this virtual lecture delivered by marlene trestman one of most stalwart friends. marlene trestman is the author of a book entitled "fair labor lawyer: the remarkable life of new

were over, he was promoted to brigadier general, and within a matter of days came the bombing of pearl harbor almost this moment on, the fate of the nation and the fate of general dwight eisenhower would be inextricably bound together. called to washington in the first weeks after the war began, eisenhower went to work in the war plans office of the war department. among the plans formulated where the central strategic determination, to make an attack across the english channel, to ally defensive efforts. covering the west wall of the museum dramatizes the next sequence involving the nature of a man, whose ability to rise brought him rapid promotions. it would be impossible without 1944, because it was a media day 1942, the allies undertook as a combined operation, under the command of dwight eisenhower, the invasion of north africa. the minimum objective of this maneuver ways to seize the main ports between casablanca and algiers here. [noise] along the rim of the north african coast, troops who are short in november. they were surprisingly stiff at casablanca and less so at algiers. the com

stay with the -- japanese bombed pearl harbor on what date? anybody? what date? >> [ inaudible ]. >> okay. the united states congress made -- let's see, i've got to do this shortly. goddamn it. [ laughter ] congress developed the 99th squadron. they allowed blacks to fly and they said we started in 1941. i graduated in '42. the war is going on. the draft is about to get me. so rather than get drafted, i went down and volunteered for this new air corps that was just developed. i graduated in january '42. and i flew combat with the 99th. let me say -- the 332nd fighter group, made up of blacks. all self-contained. first of all. and i flew combat with the 301st fighter squadron, commanded by general -- at that time, by colonel leo davis. we'll get back to that. i flew combat for 19 missions, escorting the b-17s from italy up into germany. we flew top cover. we had one mission, number 19, striking. going trying to knock out radar stations on the coast of southern france. i got hit, the damn thing came up through the floor. i had to bail out. i bailed out in southern

when i heard in 1941, the japanese bombed pearl harbor. and at that time i was going to join the service, and fight for the country. so, i left the seminary. and on my 18th birthday of 1942, i was accepted into the aviation program, and i did my training through the southeast. air command. alabama, georgia, florida, that area. when i graduated as a second lieutenant fighter pilot 19 years old. and i went through combat training after that, with forties. there are the 20th fighter group, 55th fighter squadron, they just converted trump 38, to be three ones. of course only had before the time. and i checked out the p-51, and got about 20 hours before i started flying combat. so, my first comment mission on the 12th of december 1944. then i threw -- i flew 49 subsequent missions. they were very exciting, most of them. and the last one was the most interesting you want me to continue? >> go ahead. >> okay, then, the 49th mission the eighth air force, as about 1500 bombers in the berlin -- areas. my squadron was escorting some 450 be 17's with

over eisenhower was promoted to brigadier general and within a matter of days came the bombing of pearl harbort this moment on the fate of the nation and the fate of general dwight d. eisenhower would be inextricably bound together. called to washington in the first weeks after the war began eisenhower went to work in the war plans office of the war department. among the plans formulated during this time was the central strategic determination to make an eventual attack across the english channel the principal allied defensive effort. a mural covering the west wall of the eisenhower museum dramatizes the high spots of the next great sequence in the adventure involving the nation and man whose ability to rise to grave responsibilities brought him rapid promotions. because an all out channel invasion would be impossible before 1944 and because the need for offensive action was immediate in 1942, the allies undertook as a combined operation under the command of general dwight d. eisenhower the invasion of north africa. the minimum objective of this maneuver was to seize the main ports between cas

on the train, she heard of the news of the attack on pearl harbor. she got off the train in pittsburgh and headed back to washington. years later, she recalled that sunday evening. after briefly returning to an office, she left before anyone could see her. in her words, i got in my car and disappeared. nobody could reach me. wellington tried, everybody tried to reach me and they couldn't. i just drove around washington and caught matter and matter. when she returned, she did not seek her brother's advice or the advice of anyone else. i wasn't going to put myself through that again, she said, and i wasn't going to put others through it. trying to persuade me and why not doing. and i just went out on my own. the next day, president roosevelt addressed a joint session of congress, calling for war. you all are familiar with his opening sense. yesterday, december 7th, 1940, one a day which will ville live in infamy. the united states of america was suddenly and deliberative li attacked by naval and air forces of the empire fan. he was equally clear and hi

were getting attacked predict its at home, it is right there, pearl harbor. you know they came in they like you not just going to let them walk away from it, i think i would be in alignment with that. but i don't think i would go to vietnam rated. >> is hard to say whose foreign who's against. but the protesting is just tearing things up. >> i resent your statement that i have a flag. [inaudible]. >> i don't think it is true. i think people are concerned that the people who are going, think they want the war to end just as the same as light but there trying to show that they are americans they will get people out. and why are we there. >> why would there, some people made mistakes between 19631964 and that wrong decision and shouldn't have to cost me my life or my arms or my legs or something like that. >> give them salaries and big money. you had world war ii and for leaders and now you have this and after this you're going to the east. we have to have the war. [inaudible]. so many people have to die in and said shaman if your politicians to that have to tak

pearl harbor. they came, somebody punches you in the mouth you don't walk away from it. i would be in the line and listing but i don't think i would go to vietnam. i would be damned if i go. >> hard to say who is foreign who is against. what the hotheads are against, just tearing things up, more that and that they are really for the war. >> i resent your statement that i got a flag on my car. >> people who are killed are not concerned with keeping the war going, they want to end it. they are trying to show they are americans and will back people of that i there. >> why are we there? some people made a lot of mistakes in 1963 or 64. wrong decisions should cost me my life or legs or arms or something like that. >> would you think will happen to your prosperity if we get out of vietnam? >> give them salaries, give them big money. that's why you have these things. you had world war ii, korea and now this was after this you will go to the east. >> so many people have designed it is a dirty shame. >> politicians take a good portion of this blame because there's a lot of them t

. >> for my generation, 9/11 is my pearl harbor and it is something that will live in my memory forever over the last 20 years it seems like we have that divide again and hopefully this ride will bring the nation together again and bring remembrance to those that sacrificed so much for everyone. >> a similar journey happened in los angeles today and joy benedict has more on that story. >> welcome to the 2021 ride for america. >> reporter: with waving flags and signs of courage, firefighters from all over the west coast lined up to peddle out for patriotism. >> 42 days until 911 and i would like to see a groundswell of patriotism come back. >> reporter: this is why helped organize a ride from the santa monica pier to new york city and right next to them current and retired firefighters. >> we are willing to pay our respects to those lost on 9/11 and bring awareness to the american people about how important of a date this is. >> reporter: september 11, 2021 -- 2000 one is etched in everybody's memory. >> i watch those towers fall like everybody else in shock and horror. >> reporter: he i

indeed the war vote again on december, 1941, just one day after the japanese attacked pearl harbor. under such circumstances, the legislature dared to vote against the war of declaration. that is no legislature except jeannette rankin. on this issue, one newspaper reported that she raised her voice alone. so, when the name jeannette rankin is recalled, she's likely to be linked to these two facts. she was the first women in congress, and the only member to vote against both world wars, and it is right to do so. these two facts formed a core part of rankin's identity. but she's more than the 2 votes and more than the first woman in congress until her death at the age of 92. she returned again and again to the capital, to testify, to protest. she continued to fight for the rights of others, whether they were women, children, or copper miners in montana. she took the fullest rule possible in the democratic process and fought for others to do so as well. for that she also deserves to be remembered. in this talk, i will focus on rankin's time in congress and her experiences in and around

the broker is, it's not bigger than it was than the exercise involved in the united states after pearl harbor. and turning their economy over from producing cars to producing tanks in less than a year were much more technically competent. and indeed, economically competent than we were then the u. s. was able to do it then the world is technically capable of doing it now. but it really is a question whether we can find the right kind of political agreements to do that. but i don't think that we know the technologies we need to do to replace fossil fuels. we know that there were not investing them enough in them at scale in order to meet the deadlines we need to meet great, get your thoughts to appreciate that. that's tom, back from the think tank e 3 g. now, as i mentioned earlier, it's not just taking place here in turkey. we've also been seeing terrible devastating scenes in greece. vast areas have been destroyed. the zane beds robbie has been correspondent covering those files and he's been covering them for several days now and saying, well, falls on so uncommon in greece, but this is ver

a noteworthy to steinbeck's racial attitudes during this period in early december 1941 wake of pearl harbor and the declaration of war against japan and germany steinbeck sent a memo to fdr recommending a precise course of government action towards a japanese origin people on the west coast involving the use of a loyalty test. he contended the vast majority were unquestionably loyal to the united states would help identify those who were not. and anyone who is not oil would refuse to take the test and could be interned or deported. the plan was far from perfect the admission of a loyalty test exclusively to any particular racial group or national group was and remains thoroughly undemocratic. nonetheless steinbeck became the first american writer of note to oppose relocation and internment and tried to lead the president found a better path before the policies put in motion. from april -- july the salinas rodeo grounds were used to confine nearly 4004 they were relocated to permanent camps. soon after the united states entered the war, steinbeck ended the service of the government. however