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pennington estimated that 90% of blacks shared his views. even before the party nominating conventions, some blacks had called for lincoln's re-election. on january 1, 1864 at a mass meeting of san francisco blacks a resolution was adopted endorsing the president for a second term. commenting on that document, a black newspaper praised lincoln as the only president who has, quote, stood up in defiance of the slave power and dared officially to maintain the doctrine by his official actions that we are citizens, though we are of african descent. that the army and navy shall protect and defend such citizens in common with all others. that provision ought to be made for their education, for freedom. a black resident of brooklyn declared that lincoln's actions had to be understood politically, for he had a racist constituency. the voters who had chosen him were racist, by and large. and this gentleman said, i feel that much of the failure of mr. lincoln to do his duty is owing to the failure of the people of the land whose agent he is. do we comp

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in pennington 70 degrees.he high in dover at the air force base looking good at 69, pomona atlantic city force base looking good at 69, bell at wings field airport 68. unfortunately that's a thing of the past now. the temperatures will go some 10 to 20 degrees colder tomorrow than they were today. right now in philadelphia still sitting at 50. wildwood 52. but elsewhere cold temperatures. to the west temperatures mainly in the 30's, some 20's as you head toward saint louis and look at this the heart of the cold air still in the plains, omaha 19, annapolis 21, nine below in cheyenne. they have been in it all week and it will couldn't for them as well. storm scan3 shows clouds to the west. clearing skies over us. in the wake of this cold front plenty of sunshine for thursday, highs only in the 40. we'll watch this area of low pressure skirt off the eastern seaboard. perhaps a few showers late tomorrow afternoon and evening. friday just cold again. saturday the same thing. sunday the same thing. once we get stuck

mark vargo is the state's attorney for pennington county, and he's one of the officials named in the class action lawsuit. he's the only person from the state who agreed to speak with us. >> so i'm a lay person and i hear a police report or a report from a social worker being admitted into these 48 hour hearings and i think: evidence. can you explain why that doesn't mean evidentiary hearing? >> the 48 hour hearing under icwa according to the state supreme court was designed to ensure that parents are on notice, that they know what's happening to them. and to make sure that they have the availability of council. it is not the place that you try the case. >> they tell us this is not an adversarial proceeding, this is something we're all just supposed to go along with. from the indian perspective, who sees this in terms of history, this is about adversarial as it gets. when the state is trying to take their children, they're just following in a historical tradition that started a long time ago. >> watch more "faultlines" on demand or visit aljazeera.com/faultlines. >> tonight. al jazee

he went away to pennington seminary when he was 14. he was there a couple of years. then he went to claverack college and hudson river institute, which was a semi-military school, for a couple of years. he was at lafayette for one semester and then at syracuse for one semester, and that's when his experiment with college ended, as he said. c-span: and along the way, did you begin to change your attitude or did you begin to get excited, or what was your reaction to what you were learning? >> guest: well, i was really excited about--about writing a biography of him from the very beginning because i felt this deep, deep connection with him. empathy is the whole key to writing a biography. you don't need to know all the facts up front. and i just liked him better and better as the years went on. i empathized with him more. i just--i--i really grew to love him as a human being as well as as a writer. c-span: how long did he live? >> guest: he lived 28 years. c-span: what year did he die? >> guest: he died in 1900. c-span: where did he die? >> guest: in badenweiler, german

. >> attorney ashley pennington oversees the public defender's office for charleston and one other countyrolina. >> it's symptomatic of an overall, grossly underfunded legal system. >> how are you? >> when you have 700 people in jail and 20 lawyers to deal with that 700, the odds are stacked against you. what's going on is that the lawyers are in court all the time. as a result, the ability to get over and actually have that face time is just very scant. >> this is something that you're going to have to do yourself. >> 150, 160 is about average for our office. many times, the smaller charges take just as much time as the larger charges. that's very difficult, trying to balance all of their needs. >> the personal contact with an attorney is less important than it was 20 years ago. >> sheriff cannon, an attorney himself, says public defenders have access to their clients through phone and video conference and their long hours in court is actually a benefit. >> public defenders actually, in many respects, have an advantage over other paid attorneys because they are in more -- in court more.

peter pennington, brit. my question is linked to the previous one, slightly broader. two threats. cno two days ago said here that if he had a real nightmare it was isolationism as a policy here in the united states. i'd like your comment on that. and then the second threat follows on, austerity. every country in europe is being lent on heavily to reduce their debt. almost to the state where any price will go. spain, 27.7% unemployed, dreadful figure. do you see that as your threat? >> well, i think the -- i think the threat to isolationism is one that -- i mean, i'm proud to report. the u.s. army europe and all the land forces in europe and really the total services have worked very hard to prevent that from happening. our mission was to get integrated and create this interoperatability and this multinational partner capacity. and i think by building that capacity and then showing the leadership of nations that are contributing these forces, we have shown them that isolating is not a good strategy. so, i'm confident from the military perspective we have shown that we're stronger t