they were taking bladder stones, cutting into the perineum so deep that you can reach our entire hand it to somebody's body or worse there were doing penile extractions the bladder stones, know as teaser or antisepsis and doing more and more cesarean sections as well. those were done much more frequently than any of these few blood transfusions. that got me started. how in the world did that just be the only answer. i started to dig around to try to figure out who these three unnamed physicians were who were involved. they were hard to find. let me tell you. i couldn't really find them. i thought to myself, why would somebody be against blood transfusion? it turns out, as you start to look at all of the entire blood transfusion, there is a great fear that by moving animal blood into human brains that somehow or another you were going to alter what it meant to be human. would humans start to bark? would dogs start to reason? now, that could be fascinating for early 17th century, 18th century people. why? they have been traveling. they have been going and discovering land unknown, peopl