the next question, i should -- i must recognize that ed keane and pete davis really were in charge of putting to the, sorting through all of the questions we came -- came to us, and this question came from them. in recent months, the fed has strived to communicate a distinction between the criteria for adjusting the pace of quantitative easing, and the criteria for determining the fed funds target. given the recent volatility in financial market behavior, how much has the fed adjusted its thinking on how specific it can be in communicating its policy intentions with regard to both qe and fed funds? i hope that was comprehensible. how do they keep these things separate? >> well, basically you just asked me to repeat my speech. >> yes, yes, i did. >> that was the message of the speech. >> yes, i did. i did. >> the basic -- the basic point that i was trying to make is that we do have two tools, that they have -- they work in somewhat different ways. they have different costs and benefits, different costs and efficacy, and so we're using them in a -- not in a completely parallel way. so a