peter: katie rogers? katie: i have a reaction to it in the sense that that was a huge promise of the bidens in 2020, they would be the uniter's and work to mend the country back together after four years of donald trump and a hugely traumatic national experience that was the coronavirus pandemic. my reaction to that is that the tone is very different this year. there is not much talk of unity. there is i think an acknowledgment that it is easier said than done. peter: do you get the chance to see jill biden around the white house when you are working on your day job? katie: no. when i am there, i am in the west wing or briefing room or having interactions with people who work for the president, mostly. i do not see her unless i am at an event that the east wing is posting or traveling with her. she is not somebody who is walking around the west wing, having informal meetings with advisors for her husband. she trusts that they are protecting him and doing the right thing for him and working effectively for

peter: not by his standards. david: but you were good? peter: i was ok.id: did you get 800 on your math sat? peter: i did very well on my math sat. david: you chose not to go to m.i.t. or another school called harvard, but you went to princeton. and you got a phd at the london school of economics? peter: i did. david: what did you decide to do with a phd in economics? did you want to teach or what did you do when you came back to the united states with your phd? peter: in the middle of graduate school, and i think it reflects the fact that i did not yearn to be a pure academic, i had spent not quite a year, but a year in moscow with a team of advisors to the government there, and then when president clinton was elected one of my undergraduate professors called me up and said, isn't it kind of cold in moscow? would you like to come join the new clinton administration at the council of economic advisers? which i did. david: how long were you in the clinton administration? peter: i did a couple of stents. so, i did a couple of years. i went back and finished

peter: interchangeability.teven pinker: interchangeability is if you prefer a to be, you should also prefer a gamble to give you a better chance of getting a instead of be, even if you cannot have it for sure. so you should be able to trade off probability and desirability. peter: causation and correlation. how did they see fit into our rationality? steven pinker: what causes what, and how do you get better. we got inflation, how do we bring it down? if the car is not starting, what will make it start? these are questions of what causes what. and people, the reason there is a chapter called correlation causation is people often confuse them. that if two things occur together, they think one caused the other. it's a problem in everyday life like i had a dream that something happens to my aunt and then i got a call the next day and she broke her leg. therefore i can see the future. or i took a homeopathic remedy and several days later, my sore throat disappeared so therefore homeopathic remedies cure sore throats

i think that is when things take a different turn peter: for her peter:.fter 1962 did she think he was done? heath: she was like, i am done with this, we are going to have a normal life, hooray, they are in california for a while and she loves that, and then the wilderness years as the nixon people call it, they are in new york and i think this is probably the happiest time for her in her married life aside from world war ii when they are young newlyweds, she is free and with her girls, thinking that they can go out and see exhibits and her husband is a lawyer who has joined a big firm, they have money, she decorates their apartment in grand style and things are great. just what she wants. but of course richard nixon is a moth to the flame with politics, he just cannot stay away. she would be happy to stay away and be the lawyer's wife. but he cannot stay away. so she works on the side of his office and comes in as ms. ryan, she is anonymous and answers the phone and she is always backing him up. she wants him to be happy, she wants him to do what he feels

i think that is when things take a different turn peter: for her peter:. after 1962 did she think he was done? heath: she was like, i am done with this, we are going to have a normal life, hooray, they are in california for a while and she loves that, and then the wilderness years as the nixon people call it, they are in new york and i think this is probably the happiest time for her in her married life aside from world war ii when they are young newlyweds, she is free and with her girls, thinking that they can go out and see exhibits and her husband is a lawyer who has joined a big firm, they have money, she decorates their apartment in grand style and things are great. just what she wants. but of course richard nixon is a moth to the flame with politics, he just cannot stay away. she would be happy to stay away and be the lawyer's wife. but he cannot stay away. so she works on the side of his office and comes in as ms. ryan, she is anonymous and answers the phone and she is always backing him up. she wants him to be happy, she wants him to do what he fee

peter: absolutely. what's happened over the past three or four decades as we have moved from an environment in which the oil and gas companies that always operated globally and needed to have geopolitical insight and maybe a few others, had to take geopolitical considerations into account to a situation today in which every important business decision that is made has to take geopolitical issues into account or else you're going to go wrong. it's a fundamental business. in lazard has always been known as a banker plus, so people that had the ability to provide insight into not only what the other ceo was thinking, but with the prime minister was thinking where the president, these are people who cross those boundaries between business and government, so lazard was always known as having that skill set, and we thought we could professionalize it by bringing in people who have done that for a living in different settings. so the short answer is, it's very much part of lazard's dna. we now have a unit that

peter: judge? maggs: originalism is the idea that judges should be influenced but not bound by the original meaning of the constitution but it gets quite complicated because it turns out there is more than one view of what we mean by the original meaning. we could mean the original intent of the framers at the constitutional convention, the people who wrote the document, what did they think. or it could mean the original understanding by those who fiedhe constitution in 1787 and 1788. or we could talk about the original public meaning or objective meaning, which is what would the average people would have understood this to mean? what did the words mean when they were used? you asked a very important question, how are we to know what someone then would have thought? not without tools. there are many historical sources and if you can find an agreement among those sources it gives you more confidence but i think where you get into difficulty is may be all you have is a snippet of the federalist paper

peter: was charlie chaplin jewish? scott: no, but he was often accused of being jewish by anti-semite and he never denied it because he thought that by denying it, he would be giving aid and comfort to the enemy by the application that it was something not to embrace. so he would simply let the charges pass. but no. peter: the subtitle of your book is when arts, sex, and politics collide. it was in the 1940's that he met a woman named joan barry. who was she? scott: she was 823-year-old who was previously a mistress and she got it into her head that she should be in movie so she got a letter of introduction, went to hollywood, met a few people, one of them was charlie chaplin, they struck up a relationship. it lasted slightly more than a year. chaplin thought she had dramatic possibilities and signed her to a contract. her behavior became increasingly erratic. she did not show up for acting lessons, he had signed her up for drama school in hollywood and she began cutting class. chaplin was very serious about work. you

peter: let's return to 1952. a quote, truman's attorney general jamethe granaries action was a culmination of years of a concerted campaign targeting the private sexual behavior and public political sympathies of the most dangerous brand of dissident, a beloved, popular artist. what did the attorney general do? scott: it was hoover's support [inaudible] what chaplin did not know at the time was he was in the middle of the atlantic after he had the telegram was that a week after the reentry permit was canceled the ins had a meeting and came to the firm conclusion that if chaplin came back and contested, they would have to let him in the country because he had never been convicted of a misdemeanor, nothing. generally that was the vehicle by which the fbi would get rid of mafiosi they did not want, they had to convict al capone on tax evasion, then they could support them but they had to be convicted of a felony. chaplin had never been convicted of anything. so they did not have legal justification, forget moral jus

peter: we wilcle with the book. i have come to believe rural amica really does reflect with what the nio has become, just not of the ways we want to acknowledge, much less celebrate at the state fair. look past narcotinoalgia and political rhetoric, and it is easy enough to e at rural spaces reflect the work of most of the major forces that have shaped 20th-century america. steven conn of the university of miami, ohio, author of this book , "the lies of the land: seeing rural america for what it is -- and isn't" we appreciate your time here on c-span. steven: absolutely. thank you so much for having me. this was great. >> all q&a programs are available on our website or as a podcast on our c-span now app. so now without further

♪ peter: dr.rancis collins, in your new book, "the road to wisdom," you have a biblical quote in there from matthew chapter 22, verse 37, "love the lord your god with all your heart and soul and with all your mind." what is the siificance of that to you and to your work? dr. collins: it's a great place to start. thank you, peter. nice to join you. th particular verse resonated a lot with me when i wa exploring the possibility of giving up atheism and becoming a christian because it's calling the is clear, your heart, your soul and your mind, that god wants us notust to be creatures of emotion and other kinds of motivations but also our intellect is called to be part of this, and probably a little bit of a nerd as i was, having gotten a graduate degree in physical chemistry and ending up in medical school, the mine was important place that i wanted to be involved in anything i was going to commit to, and to see that particular verse calling out that this is the way it is supposed to be was a reassu

peter: the year is 1949.n july 14, an article appeared in the chicago tribune, hitler gazes at stars to guide his decisions. did that get her in trouble? pamela: oddly, no. she spent a great deal of time tracking down the astrologers that he met with. and she actually managed to meet with two of his favorite astrologers as well as with a palm reader that he often used. part of it was a human interest story. you know, who is this man hitler, the chicago public wants to know. so she's writing about his fascination with astrology. and the way he uses it to make decisions. but it was also one of a number of leads she was following for what became the biggest scoop of her career. it was one of the paths she took to learning about the german nonaggression pact with the soviets. they signed that in late august but she first began to drop hints about it in may. and that was critical because signing that removed the last obstacle to hitler being willing to invade pole poweland. peter: it was september 1, 1939, that th

peter: i want to show some video. a recent book that came out was called to be overlooked americans, the author appeared on our book tv network. >> i do not think they ever judged us in the first place. [laughter] i don't think they ever did. i send my email out to these folks, i'm doing this book, they see that i am a professor in los angeles, they wrote me back anyway. i would like to believe i would do the same but i wonder. what i immediately have my backup? now i wouldn't, i feel extremely changed by the work i did. but i think that is you cite, the folks i interviewed from rural america were not judgmental from the get-go. peter: any comment about what she had to say about the overlooked american? steven: yeah. oh, dear. i am afraid that at an individual level, that might well be true. 10 years ago i did a book, which i am afraid would contradict her statement. [laughter] in fact, it has always been the case that urban america has been on the receiving end of all kinds of nasty judgments, again, starting with je

peter: let's show some video.june of 2000 at the white house. >> what more powerful form of the study of mankind could there be than to read our own instruction book? i have been privileged over the last seven years to lead an international team of more than 1000 of some of the best and brightest scientists of our current generation, some of them here in this room, who have been truly dedicated to this goal. today, we celebrate the relevant -- the revelation of the first draft of the human book of life. peter: dr. francis collins, do you remember that? dr. collins: absolutely. that was a memorable day indeed in the east room of the white house as the first full draft of the human genome sequence was being announced to the world. peter: from there, you became the director of the national institutes of health in 2009. what did that job entail? dr. collins: oh, mine. almost everything you could think of if it involves medical research. previously, as the leader of the human genome project, i could be a real expert on

peter: tell us a little about your class. caller: it is called the founding fathers of america, the role and impact of compromise so discussing -- peter: where do you teach? caller: it is an adult organization called the institute of learning in retirement. here in the area and southwest -- suburbs of southwest cleveland. so that's what i'm currently teaching that in, i am including this because it's amazing. as i have already mentioned common sense, so thursday when i returned back to class this is going to be pretty exciting being able to mention to individuals that i did get my question on here. peter: good and two things were going to get an answer from richard but i want to point out our website again. c-span.org/books that shaped america, if you go to the top of that website you will see teacher resources up there. it might be something else for you to check out. so, richard what would you like to say? richard: it is such a great comment from bev. the first thing i would say is i am here as part of the series to talk ab

peter: july 2, 1961.re were you yet conan might charles: july 2, in 601i was in new jersey playing ball with my two young brothers. i remember over the transistor radio the announcement, sudden announcement that ernest hemingway had shot himself and was dead. it was just like hearing two years later in 1960 three a similar announcement over the loudspeaker in our school room in new york at buckley school. hemingway with such a towering name in our family. my father was his last publisher. and was close to him. not a best friend like his own father, my grandfather had been. they really were best friends. my father was a generation younger. he was his publisher during the difficult years of the 1950's when hemingway's health was beginning to fail. the poor man survived two near fatal plane crashes in africa. he had a lot of challenges. but i tell the story and again, my father used to say to me writing is a heuristic experience. what he meant by that -- a greek word -- you make discoveries you are not aware

peter: that was f. e.uerra at the university of central florida talking about teaching the common law. 202 is the area code 748 8920 if you live in central time zones 202748 9921 for mountain and pacific time zones and if you cannot get through on phone lines and still want to, try our text number. (202) 748-8003 please include your first name and city. it lets from david in new york city. caller: hi, mr. rosen how do you think the judge holmes would say on the abortion issue decided recently? peter: david how do you think he would have decided on the abortion issue? caller: i am not sure sir. jeff: you have asked the toughest of all questions and i don't know either but let me try to reason it through like homes. --holmes. when it comes to roe v. wade as an initial matter he is very keen to deference on democratic legislators so he might have been moved by the argument that unless reasonable people of different perspectives think that a right is deeply rooted in tradition, that legislators should rule. ho

peter: when did you first meet leah thomas?ey: so, the first time i encountered leah thomas was at the national championship. let me just say. i have had to -- i got to personally witness and really feel the effect that this infringement, or what i would call an injustice had on myself and my teammates and my competitors. look, i don't claim to speak for every single girl on that pool deck, of course not, but i do claim to speak for the overwhelming majority of us because i -- i can wholeheartedly attest to the tears that i saw. not just from the moms at the stands watching as their daughters are being obliterated in the sport that they once loved, but the tears from the girls who placed ninth and 17th and missed out on being an all-american by one place. i can wholeheartedly attest to the extreme discomfort in the locker room. when you turn around and there is a 6'4", 22-year-old man fully intact and fully exposing himself, inches away were you were simultaneously undressing. i can wholeheartedly attest to the whispers, becaus

peter: no.chinese characteristics would be the best way to put it -- with chinese characteristics would be the best way to put it. i am skeptical about this positive maximal is him that we see -- maximalism that we see. the way i think about what china is doing is that they are basically i think truncating the left hand of distribution. they are making sure the current situation does not get worse. i think we can kind of forget about fiscal stimulus post-gfc. i don't think that's going to be the case. we will see further rate cuts, i think i'm pretty sure that, that's going to come. whether it comes quickly or is going to take time is another day's work. . but what we see at the mom is definitely a policy pivot and questions how quickly they are going to continue that pivot. haslinda: if it's china characteristics, it's probably going to take some time. the question also is about how the property sector turns. because i think the recovery of china hinges on the property sector. peter: for sure.

peters: i think so. especially the last few days as more evidence has come out and more witnesses have testified to the fact that he did not get that wounded in afghanistan. it was later. so, it is certainly in dispute. certainly, there is one thing that folks in montana, though i would say all over the country, people are outraged about, and that is stolen valor. here you have a republican candidate who talked about having a gunshot wound while serving i may afghanistan. it appears based on what was coming forward it is based on a live. what is essential for folks in montana and all over the country, people want someone of character, who is who they say they are and will demonstrate that in their job. there are a lot of fabrications. the gunshot wound is one of them. he is also new to montana. he has come in he has taken issue with some of the key issues people in montana care deeply about. he has disparaged young people, disparaged native americans. he is someone who clearly doesn't represent the value