last winter in princeton, sean served, as something of a personal historian for roth suggesting what to read when philip had questions or ideas discussing those books with him, offering his thoughts on how roth then expressed those ideas and events in his later novels. what struck me most was a remark sean made about roth's historical consciousness. and i left that lunch fixated on the question of what it actually meant to historically, as a writer. i think that question is really at the heart of this conversation, which will certainly nod to the american american pastoral and married communists and the human stain. and of course, the plot against america. but we'll also explore more broadly something about roth's concern for, the fragility of our democracy with, freedom writ large and of history itself as it forms and unfold in the moments we all actually and have it, whether we see it or not. and by the late books, it becomes more more clear that this american story was, one roth had been telling all along, whether lindbergh, nixon or trump, it was something perhaps born being a --, an american --, th