american makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. but now we can no longer risk improvisation of national defense. we have been compelled to create a permanent industry of vast proportions. added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. we annually spend on security more than the net income of all united states corporations. this conjunction of a large arms industry is new in the american experience. the total influence -- economic, political, even spiritual -- is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government. we recognize the imperative need for this development, yet we must not fail to comprehend its great implications. our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved. so is the very structure of our society. in the counsels of government, we must guard against the act i by decision of -- acquisition of unwarranted influence by the military industrial complex. the potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.