i was born know potsdam in upstate new york. my grandparent lehand, the grandparents from the lehand side ham over on what was known as a copper ship during the irish potato famine. so many people died on these ships, they're called coffin ships. my grand parents got married as deans and had a baby, daniel. and my grandfather, daniel lehand-- my great-grandfather was working on a church building in potsdam and a part fell on him and killed him. and my great-grandmother never remarried. and that's why my father was an unusual creature, the only child in an irish catholic family. i'm the youngest of four children i was born in potsdam in 18-- i gave away my age, 1896. when i was a very small child we moved to summerville, a city within the city of boston and that's where i grew up. i went to the public schools there, and my education was going along well until i was diagnosed with rheumatic fever and i went two years in bed recovering. i did not finish high school until 1917 when our country entered the great war. well, i was feel

july, july 15, and the test of the atomic takes place in alamogordo on july 16, and general growth potsdam, hands in carried, and given to stimson, who briefs president trayvon -- president truman on it, and churchill, in his famous volumes on world war ii, when he potsdams's -- discusses he says now i know what happened to truman. he had learned about the atomic bomb and he had bossed everyone around that afternoon. suddenly, he was a different man. it gave him the confidence that the united states was in a effect, not only gets a war over with this weapon, but also to have something that stimson called at potsdam "the great equalizer." the atomic bomb would equalize sovietralize the huge advantage in conventional forces in europe. so, truman's attitude changes completely. he calls in general marshall, and he says marshall, you know, we came here with the intention of getting the soviets to live up to their promise to invade to come into the war. can we get them to back off that now that we have the atomic bomb? we don't need them. ,n fact, we don't want them because we don't want them to