so the power for a clean mobility still often comes from coal or gas power plants that pumps you know to go into the atmosphere of our overheating plan. that. or it comes from conventional nuclear reactors flipping out arms and creating huge radioactive pollution problems. sustainable technologies have a drawback they're erratic because the wind doesn't always blow and the sun doesn't always shine. to truly achieve green mobility we need clean power plants providing a steady supply of energy all day and all night could nuclear fusion be the answer it's the power that drives the sun the primeval force that makes life as we know what possible. not can we harness it on earth. we've come to an industrial park outside oxford england to talk with a fusion technology company and find out whether it's going to start making a difference in sectors like transport anytime soon. first light fusion is taking a pioneering approach to solve the energy riddle. at its core is a huge machine that fires a projectile at a target so fast that it initiate a fusion reaction. that produces a very dense very

that is a powerful receding -- that is a powerful precedent. may be problematic and those may be tested if the quarantine goes on for a long time. host: let's go to angela in maryland. good morning. caller: i have a question about the interstate commerce call for the constitution. i have heard that -- i have heard mark talk on fox news saying the president could force the states to reopen using the interstate commerce clause, which i don't see -- i don't know of any precedent cases for that. i wanted your opinion. guest: great question. so much of the scope of the presidential and congressional power comes down to the interstate commerce clause today. remember, that was the whole debate over obamacare, where five justices on the supreme court said the president had no power -- >> good morning. happy monday. , to myar-right, a doctor left, another doctrine.

supplement federal power. in essence, the court said that section two meant nothing. there was another case that came down between the attacks on the bolstead act and the 18th amendment. in june 1920, the high court unanimously thwarted efforts by opponents of both women's sufferage and prohibition to allow voter referendum to overr the ratification of amendments by the state legislature. in other words even if a state legislature had ratifying the suffrage of prohibition amendment, a referendum could not de vaf ate from the ratification methods prescribed by the constitution. going back in the summer of 1916, congress as part of its preparedness lation had authorized the president to take over the wartime but wilson did not act until late 1917. after that meeting wilson had ordered the takeover and under the terms the government would run the railroad and finance new purchase equipment and compensate the owners after the war for the use of property. the law under which wilson acted did not suspend the lawful

changing national power relations you should aim at changing local power relations now we all need victories every movement needs victories to sustain itself but her critique of alinsky is that there was a fundamental dishonesty at work in the way his organizers operated well in that sense it was narrowly focused on a particular issue usually within the city of chicago certainly when he began well on it and it and it wouldn't tell the people what they were what the wider goal was and also that it avoided it actually avoided building sustained economic power so let's talk a little bit about how. you know when she organizes which you use as a kind of template how that other model works sure well this is that's why jane's the 1st chapter in the book because it's under an organizing under conditions of extreme adversity and i think we can all agree that right now we're in conditions of extreme adversity particularly for the left and yet i've met jane because i was going out to nevada to do some reporting and i wanted to talk to somebody who worked out there and who knew the political terrain and

the tools and techniques of slave owner power and also talk about the tools and techniques of power that were practiced by enslaved people. >> watch history professors lead discussions with their students on topics ranging from the american revolution to september 11th. lectures in history on c-span 3 every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern on american history tv and lectures in history is available as a podcast. find it where you listen to podcasts. ♪ >> eleanor roosevelt began the long trip home. slowly the long, black funeral train pulls up then down the pennsylvania avenue to the beat of muffled drums the president was born for the last time to the executive mansion that for 12 years had been his official home. the passing of f.d.r. from the american scene came as a personal shock to the nation. people wept openly, unashamed of their grief. drawn by six white horses, the flag draped casson was brought to the white house and carried into the great east room where 80 years before almost to the day the body of abraham lincoln also laid in state. at hyde park his ancestral home in duchess co

the states concurrent power did nothing more than supplement federal power. in essence, the court said that section two meant nothing. there is another case that came down between attacks on the volstead act and the 18thamendment. in june 1920, the high court unanimously supported efforts by opponents of both women's suffrage and prohibition, to allow a voter referendum to override the ratification of amendment by the state legislators. in other words, even if a state legislator had ratified the suffrage or prohibition amendments, a voter referendum could nullify it. justice ney spoke for the unanimous court and holding that a state could not deviate from the ratification method prescribed by the constitution. going back, in the summer of 1916, congress as part of its preparedness legislation, that authorized the president to take over the railroads in wartime. but wilson did not act as we have seen until he consulted with brandeis in late december 1917. after that meeting, wilson had orders to take over, and under its terms, the government would run the rail

that the power of the national. guard even brought the north korean forces to train his infamous crack unit the 5th brigade he didn't hesitate in putting his new army to use. beginning in 1983 thousands of people in the provinces loyal to in coma were killed in what one known as the cuckoo and the massacres prime minister robert mugabe is determined to wipe out of position and much of the labor. party and its leader joshua government troops swept through northern much of the land looking for the so-called do this or that supporters of joshua called thousands are believed to have died or sustained horrific injuries during that search sadly in just a few years the freedom fight changed from one who helped to remove this brutal white minority government to actually brutalizing is own people mugabe had a huge security apparatus and he used them as a tool against his opponents he used them to kill over 20000 people and use them to torture and to brutalize anyone who opposed him. numerous talks held between mugabe and in

private power sharing could perhaps one day make the large utility companies and the huge power plants redundant if hundreds of thousands of communities went the way of it ports trade and set up autonomous energy generation and sharing systems. one small village in bavaria could inspire other people across germany and in other countries. the global temperature rise needs to be limited to 1.5 to. at a maximum that's what was agreed in the paris climate agreement in 2016 but countries around the globe how much has happened since then let's take a closer look at the status report. which countries are doing the most to protect the climate and who's not pulling their weight the analyst network climate action tracker has compiled a ranking. the only countries on course to meet the $1.00 degree celsius limit the goal of the paris agreement are gambia and morocco. in 2018 morocco completed one of the world's biggest solar power plants. the north african country plans to produce over 40 percent of its energy from renewables. if everyone followed india's example global warming could it. beheld t

is a very important element of that because i think interview of beijing soft power economic power and status in the world is underpinned by a variety of different kinds of power combinations and hard power underlie all of that so as a result china has been increasing its military spending for a number of decades now so notwithstanding the overall and unprecedented increasing global defense spending with china in particularly the that the new report shows 5 percent increase in defense spending which is actually relatively low when you look at it compared to official chinese figure which in recent years range from 67 to 8 percent coming off actually double digit growth for a number of years but i think in the long run chinese military spending whoa probably trend towards g.d.p. and that is around 666 percent rather before before the outbreak a convent 19 but i think i think i think essentially china believes that hard power . is extremely useful for any imperative to its increasing stash in a wild and strategic ambitions around the world donald trump and i likes all things military. say

we think it's more important to break their power. it's not terribly hard to do that, i think building the political wealth to get is one thing. that is more of a challenge. wall street spins off companies all the time everyday safeco could it's not terrible difficult to do but from a democracy perspective, from a social welfare perspective, having a few companies really control the information flow on the internet and then either trying to get the government to play from behind and regulate that effectively is probably going to be very, very difficult. >> host: so what about the issue of economies of scale? these are massive corporations that are providing services to billions of people. how do you compete with that size? to just break it up, like at&t in the 1980s? >> guest: again, it's that really terribly complicated. you need a robust innovative ecosystem online and you need regulations to make it safer democracy and safer individual users. one policy solution we really support and that's essential if you do break up these instit

to see how you could have a fusion powered car actually if you can powered cars a battery powered car right you just have a fusion power and all that shit on the other hand is perhaps more interesting because the very biggest ship made about 100 megawatts of power and that's that's not a small power plant that's actually quite a big problem so for the very biggest oil tankers or ups for aircraft carriers that might be possible. so cars aren't going to be packing their own little miniature reactors anytime soon but what about other forms of transport like. rockets i. mean here's an engine powering the spacecraft itself is the sort of an amazing idea especially for science fiction writers because it's it's the thing go here you're right it's this inexhaustible sort of source of energy so it looks like ideal. problem is that physics says that the fusion gets easier the bigger the fees and so the spacecraft would have to be considerably sizeable to take advantage of human knowledge so fusion needs to take place in big power plants isn't that a bit scary. is not a chain reaction so there's

and cultural power and political power. on the economic side you check corporate power, on the cultural side, i learned this reading the book you had censorship organizations fact checked hollywood. cultural stagnation came out. movies being financed by chinese companies, and tom cruise is going to be anti-japan. another thing that was hard for me to reconcile is those local, corrupt political strongmen in the state legislatures who on one hand we see as corrupt, the primary system, they were much better capable of checking political power in washington. why did that whole status quo fall apart? >> there were different reasons for different realms and the realm of censorship, let me preface this by saying the working class exercised its power by veto power. it did not have the resources or expertise to come up with its own plans to strike or the threat of a strike is a veto that forces management to reconsider. the catholic legion of decency got the hollywood producers to run hollywood scripts past them in advance. they did

how would you gauge opec's power? >> opec's power, please for give me for not mentioning this in the talk, the power is greatest when oil prices ironically are low, not high. because when -- if you can sustain oil prices at a low level for a long period of time, guess what, who controls the largest share of the world's cheap oil prices? who has the lowest cost of production? those tends to be producers in the middle east who dominate opec. so the reason why opec -- they might not have been an opec oil embargo but there were price increases in the early 1970s to compensate of the u.s. dollar following the nixon shock in 1971, the de-linking of the dollar to the gold, but more importantly oil prices were too low, it was unfair. this resource at a low price. this meant if you had sustained low oil prices obviously the middle east was going to become more and more important in terms of global oil production because it made no sense to produce it anywhere else because you couldn't make money off of it. low oil prices tend

power. went on to say that came from theory thatom a came from aristotle, and all of these people said there are three orders in society, the one, the few and the many, and they had to balance and the various branches of the government. argument, and it was meaningful to go read, and that is the best thing you can do, is educate yourself. ride the primary sources yourself. read the federalist papers and other works of the founders to make up your mind. host: what are the concerns that hamilton had with what the president has been saying recently? guest: hamilton was extremely concerned that the president would seize the powers that belong to the people. oftook the example corruption, and said what if a president is engaging in conspiracy, and the president people, but that power does not extend to impeachment. the new york governor by contrast or some governors at the time were allowed to have their pardons extend even in the case of impeachment, and hamilton worried this meant a corrupt off

with the world most powerful -- world buster because most powerful rulers, he commanded respect.a,ng at new york, he gave the nation words that have been quoted again and again. president roosevelt: i have always thought that peace, like charity, begins at home. [applause] att is why we have begun home, here in north and south and central america. war. have seen land. seen war on i have seen blood running from the wounded. i have seen children starving. i have seen the agony of mothers and wives. i hate war. [applause] narrator: 1940 found the nation facing work. third-term issues straight to the polls, could the magic of fdr chowder -- could the magic of fdr? >> roosevelt wins. narrator: the nation was jubilant. had done it again and his family received the well wishes of their neighbors. ♪ again the president addressed the nation. in the presence of cabinet members, diplomats and leaders of nations south of the border, fdr asked for broader powers than had ever been given to any american president. president roosevelt: the fundamental fact is that what started as a european war

handing power down from the way. they want to make it did in must. sometimes dictatorships are able to survive even after the dictator dies because they grew to success very often a family member so you have rumors of this happening in zimbabwe it's grace mugabi the successor to robert mugabe and this already have. and in north korea were kim jong un replaced his father kim jong il who has been groomed since birth for the eventual job of becoming a dictator zimbabwe decided that enough was enough mugabe was placed under house arrest by the zimbabwean national army there's also the exit strategy by military coup which ends very very badly for the dictators is it there. for good cause it would. be just this one was an. expeditious intervention or in a situation if you do to do it it should. be was given an ultimatum resign or face impeachment. others quick to the next and i know i'll be happy for him despite everything that he has done to be with dignity and to just walk away the gym a little bit more freely and we did but he refused to do that. to the

they have overlapping powers. we saw a little clip of the war powers debate last week. that is a great example of the overlapping powers, that congress has the sole power to declare war and yet president is the commander in chief. he will decide how a war is executed, where we are going to fight, how we will. but congress has the power to declare war. even legislation, congress passes legislation but the president signs the bill into law. if he vetoes the bill, congress can override his veto. you can see the founders were really thoughtful about how to try to create these balancing powers. which brings me then to the final point tonight. that is the impeachment power because it is one of the checks and balances that we have in the constitution. and it is the one that is getting a little attention these days. i thought i would make sure you knew from a perspective of where it is in the constitution, your way around the power of impeachment. article one, section two, clause five. the house of representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment. the house has the powe

for starters, the constitution has all legislative power in congress which means that that power cannot be delegated elsewhere. as the free nurse philosopher john locke had said, legislators can make wall the law but not legislators. that is what congress does when it invests bureaucrats for the power to make the rules that bind citizens. in all but name. for the power to the agency functionaries as the supreme deity in the world war ii case when they rolled the courts must defer to the agency interpretations of their own regulations. the specialized technical expertise judges lack. that i is anbut that isn't the t issue, thomas contends. the proper question faced by the courts in interpreting the regulation is not the best policy choice might be, but with the regulation means and who better to interpret the meaning of the words and the judge he asks. of all of this, thomas argues is the deference doctrine the court had in the natural resources defense council in 1984. it requires courts to assume congress intended any ambiguity if left in the statute under which the u agency operates s

on the power supply side.problems with our supply of power or our solver's ability to operate. however, shelter-in-place has impacted construction schedules and disrupted disapply chains for -- supply chains for new development. we are in communication with clean power sf. i am happy to report that neither of the two projects under construction this year have reported delays. these projects are expected to begin operations and deliver the power in september and december of this year respectively. on the demand side of our business, as you might expect, the shelter-in-place order was issued on march 17. we have seen a reduction in clean power surge of 7 to 9% relative to pre-shelter-in-place usage. as for the specific customer groups, we are seeing trends similar to what other community choice energy programs in the bay area are also reporting. with most households in place we have seen an increase in residential customer usage of about 12%, and with only essential businesses open we have seen when a 20 to 25%

eight, the growth of presidential power. congress delegated a great deal of power to the president. albeit often with many misgives. charles hughes justified the expansion of government power in a speech to the american bar association. the importance of hughes' arguments will be explored by professor matt waxman one week from tonight. now all of these issues presented constitutional questions. but not all of them came up before the court. nor with one exception did they involve members of the court. we should keep in mind that until fairly recently, presidents often spoke with members of the court about policy matters. in world war ii, for example, franklin roosevelt consulted frequently with three members of the court, felix frankfurter, robert h. jackson and to a lesser degree, william douglas. in the first war, however, wilson had only one member of the court whose advice he so trusted. brandize became one of wilson's closest war-time confidants. picking up our story from that late afternoon, the matter that concerned wilson involved railroads and the seeming inability to move r

it gave the states tremendous power, virtually all power. as a result lots of things were going on in the states that were really unsettling with regard to recognition of property rights and doing justice. this was something madison was especially concerned about. time, the 11f years between the articles of confederation and finally 1787 and the constitutional convention, is a fascinating period. as i was preparing, i pulled from my shelf a book called the confederation and the constitution. this is a book that i had to buy for my early american history course in 1977, i think. very long time ago. but i keep all of my books. i was a history major. so i kept all of my books. for those of you who like books, you may notice in your 60's, you will have some college books around. i have a lot of mine. it was useful. it is a fascinating time in which the country is trying to come together and be a nation. it was not working, and as i talked about last week, alexander hamilton was especially concerned. so there was a meeting of five states in annap

raised well 1st chris i want to elaborate having been up in those congressional courters of power well the issue is how serious charges to launch against mr trump the calculation was a purely political one by the house speaker pelosi trying to save the seats of the half dozen or dozen democrats who won districts that otherwise voted for trump and there was no principle to the standards or the decision making whatsoever but also when we confronted big headwinds was precisely when we started to focus on charges that democrats and republicans were complicit in flouting the declare war clause flouting oversight power flouting the treaty authority flouting the appointments clause flouting the appropriations clause all those kinds of things nancy pelosi yourself was complicit in some of those for example saying nothing when mr obama went to war with libya on his own expanded the war in syria on his own did what was really should have been a treaty with iran to constrain their nuclear ambitions without a treaty but just an executive agreement which i should treat as a supposed to be. exactly

had political power. it's not just from top down and we can get into it how it is by dollar to the lobbying group in washington that it comes from the bottom up because our behavior can be manipulated to. a couple of years ago they talk about do we even have free well in this world area are we in danger of losing john stuart mills, the ability to be free citizens in an open society in the world in which we can be controlled at this level by algorithms. >> host: it sounds like from the questions of advertising addiction to television. >> guest: the antitrust scholar at columbia looking at some of the similarities, i do think that this world of digital surveillance capitalism is fundamentally different. it is everywhere all the time. the services are like utilities. can you imagine having search for e-commerce or your asp pulled. we only have the beginning of it really because we talked a little bit about smart speakers for example there is more of a cognitive power and you hear a suggestion given to you by

government is not all powerful and can only do what people allow. separation of powers. will help prevent one branch from becoming excessively powerful over the others. checks and balances worked into the system that will help us maintain order. and then, of course, this idea of federalism, which is a division of power between the national and state governments. so you can kind of see here that the framers are still addressing some of the existing concerns of people in the united states who are still very wary of the idea of strong national power. so particularly those issues of limited government. so they know they are going to have to get everyone else in the united states to kind of buy into this new government that they are proposing and if they are going to propose something that even sniffs of monarchy, this is a nonstarter, it won't work. much of the language there makes clear that the power resides with the people, not the federal level of government. all right. so, little bit more detail on a few points. so, our preamble has kind of the guiding principles of the

budding part of our power-down part of ourbut in power-down sequence, we had to powerdown, and because our platforms in apollo are what we call a gimbal lock, we had to make sure the spacecraft and its gyrations wouldn't get to that area. we had a computer which read out these various angles, and it wasn't obvious how to fly from the computer as it was from the naked eye. from the command module and the lem, we found the attitude controller itself was etiquette -- was adequate to control the vehicle. this was a new boat of operation that i don't recall having practiced, and certainly no one has ever flown it in flight before, but the attitude controller itself did quite well. >> in light of the experience, would it be advisable in the future to always remain on a return trajectory, or would that limit flights too much? mr. lovell: i think it would limit our flight operations somewhat to be on return trajectory. and i think the fact we were not on one when the incident occurred, the fact we could get back on one, indicates it is not required to stay on wondering most of our lunar missio

with the world's most powerful rulers, he commanded supreme respect. with a keen grasp of international affairs, he foresaw the many years that would trend the world march. in 1936, he gave the nation's that have been quoted again and again. president roosevelt: i always thought that piece, like charity, begins at home. [applause] and that is why we have the gun at home, here in north, south, and central america. but peace in the western world is not all easy. i have seen war. i have seen war on land and sea. i have seen blood running from the wounded. i have seen children sobbing, i have seen the agony of mothers and wives. i hate war. [applause] >> 1940 found the nation facing war. >> voters took the third the results are now conclusive, roosevelt wins. >> >> the nation was jubilant -- and at hyde park, roosevelt and his family received the well wishes of their neighbors. >> again, the president addressed the nation. in the presence of nations, fdr ask for broader powers and had ever before it been given to any american president. president roosevelt

. >> we're on internal power. >> how's it look? >> ignition. >> roger. >> how's it look? >> looks good here. >> booster, how do you look? >> look good. >> we're go flight. looks good here. >> looks good, mike. >> you don't see a problem do you? >> not yet. all engines are a go. >> the next step of lunar flight was to burn out of earth orbit toward the moon and pull free of the third stage and dock with the lunar module. at the command of module. they pull away from the saturn third stage, the s4b. >> i can see the s4b hatch now at the window. >> odyssey and aquarius moved away from earth toward the moon. >> okay, houston, we have a problem here. >> go, guys. >> we've had a hardware restart. i don't know what it was. >> houston, we've had a problem. >> negative flight i believe the crew reported it. >> we may have had an instrumentation problem, flight. >> roger. >> and we had a pretty large bank associated with the warning there. >> the sensation i had i felt a vibration accompanying the bang, not a large vibration or shudder. >> 13 psi on fuel cell 2 pressure. >> shutdow

and the police power referred not to police officers, but it referred to the power of state governments to regular property rights and contract rights to serve the public good, to serve the general welfare. it is precisely here in tracing the state and local regulations of property and contract that we see novak's evidence, that we see this old world view about liberty and governance, so to see bradley's transformative work, to see his creation of the modern rights bearing individuals whose liberty existed against governance, we need to briefly revisit that old division of liberty and governance. we need to revisit what novak calls the well-regulated society. this is a term he borrows from court cases at the time. ok, so this is the antebellum logic of public law. the thinkers associated with it included james wilson, the founder, chancellor kent, nathaniel chipman the treatise the law of nations is associated with this and for all these thinkers and the antebellum court, there were two great axioms. the first axiom was the people's welfare is the supreme law. private interest must be m

police power jurisprudence. it has gotten a lot of attention from the scholars who were taking a new look at lockner and embedding it in this police powers framework. these are the scholars to impute continuity in police powers across the 19th century. the key point here is bradley reorganizes police powers jurisprudence and reorganizes public purpose jurisprudence, and it's in that reorganization that he reconceptualizes man as individualistic, that he reconceptualizes liberty as private and presocial, that he introduces that dichotomy between private right and public power. and it's in that reorganization of police powers jurisprudence that he basically introduces the modern rights-bearing individual whose liberty exists against governance. to see this, we need to see a bit about how police powers jurisprudence works. how it works before and this is where some of the work of the lockner revisionists, i want to fall some of that work in. in the well-regulated society of the antebellum era we've seen how liberty

. >> we're going to talk about the tools and techniques of slave owner power and the power that was practiced by enslaved people. >> watch history professors lead discussions with their students on topics from the american revolution to september 11th. lectures in history on c span 3 and lectures in history is available as a podcast. find it where you listen to pod casts. >> elmoeanor roosevelt had a lo trip home. then down to the beat of muffled drums. it was 12 years his official home. the passing of fdr from the american scene came as a personal shock to the nation. people wept openly unashamed of their grief. >> the draped flag was brought to the east room. the body of abraham lincoln also laid in state. the guns of west point cadets rang down the final curtain on a man of destiny known around the world at fdr. we turn back to franklin roosevelt. he broke the powerful republican machine that rules duchess county for 28 years. emerging as a national figure, president wilson and the asis ta -- assistant secretary of the navy. fdr at the age of 38 was the youngest vice president candidate in

but in all of these things he is trying to say let's give power, more political power to average americansbut he is also in doing this, one, these are major changes. eliminating electoral college. also doing direct ljñelection of u.s. senators, what does that in effect mean? he wants the federal government to tell states how they should select their senators. does that sound like states rights? the electoral college, people are discussing even it -- even to this day, based on the idea of the state coming together. if you get rid of the electoral college, just have a popular national election, it is a limiting the influence of states. in many ways throughout his life, johnson at some times is a strict constructionist and wants to save the constitution and wants states rights. at other times though, he is like, let's rip up the constitution and change them. let's take away power at least in some ways from the states or tell states what to do. of course, johnson had been named abraham lincoln's vice president nominee in 1864 because he was a democrat so lincoln could run on a union party tick

he is going back and forth between whether he is in power or not in power when it comes to these decisions. the main critique for measures he introduced yesterday which will allow states that believe they have it under control to start loosening restrictions is that we still do not have testing capacity to catch any outbreaks that might pop up. that is fueling concerns there might be a second wave, either in regions or nationally that would lead us back to having to reimpose shutdown measures. that is the concern right now. certainly trump once -- certainly trump wants some states to start moving towards an opening. david: the president does not talk that much about testing, but every single public health official we saw, that is key. we have to test to know whether we are going too fast too far. we have a sense the white house has their arms around testing and know what testing is available? do they have a means other -- under the defense production act or otherwise to ramp up the test kit? josh: their calls from democrats to get them to ramp up testing. we need to expand testing of peopl

that has more of a cognitive power. when you hear a suggestion given to you by voice, it's even more powerful in terms of influencing your behavior and if you type in a search and you go where google tells you to do and we've already seen and we are seeing as more antitrust actions rollout the power of these companies.they can erase you as a product, as a person. if they want to, it's too much power. >> tim cook, apple ceo would probably say we are not a problem, we're part of the solution. we have this idea, this concept. differential privacy that we are building into our products where we are not sucking people's actual identifying data out of their devices and using that to inform our ai. we're shielding that and taking general insight and keeping ourselves, our own hands clean from personal data that we are not traffickingin it . is that true? is that right or is there a hole in thatargument ? >> i think it's largely true but there are several holes in the argument for starters apple certainly has had more of a comm

powered voice technology at the drive-thru.r joints are experimenting with robots in the kitchen. this robot flips burgers and can learn and acquire new skills over time. companies are increasingly using speak recognition for telemarketing and call centers. speech recognition has been so sophisticated studies show customer satisfaction is shire with a.i. and a person. >> 86% customer satisfaction in that engagement. and half of all the calls are managed automatically. maria: su li predicts 86% of workers at the call centers can be replaced. >> as long as it's quantitative in nature, over time it will eventually get displaced. maria: he says 40% of jobs could go away in the next decade. >> i will believe it when i see it. it's not showing up in any of the numbers. most of jobs are not repetitive. we are not an agricultural society, repetitive parts of agriculture were aught bhaitd tractors and farm equipment. we are not in the industrial economy anymore a lot of manufacturing has been automated. so in a way the parts that could