in 1801, thomas jefferson wrote to joseph priestley, an english threologian who came to this country in 1874 and said, quote, this is thomas jefferson, we can no longer say there is nothing new under the sun, for this whole chapter in the history of man kooikind is new. once again, it's an enormous privilege for me to introduce our speakers, the two great historians who indeed are mindful of the future, have contributed greatly by their prodigious research to the past, and their exquisite writing and scholarship. ladies and gentlemen, joseph ellis and gordon wood. thank you. [ applause ] >> so we'll start with professor wood. there were two foundings, of course, the declaration declaring our independence and then the constitutional convention. so let's start with the first, with the declaration. what were some of the great challenges that led to the declaration and some of the great challenges during that summer in philadelphia? >> well, obviously, the declaration was an act ratifying the decision to break from great britain. john adams didn't think it was all that important. the imp