illegal paramilitaries like the protestant ulster volunteer force, or uvf, and the catholic irish republicanor ira, plunged the country into a vicious guerrilla war. what's known as the troubles began in the late 1960s. the catholic falls area of belfast was a hotspot. male: the buildings that you can see blazing have been set onire by catlics who are trying to roast out the protestant snipers who've been shooting from the rooftops during the day. paul butler: we considered ourselves freedom fighters taking on new british ru and trying to end partition in ireland. samantha: paul butler joined the ira when he was a teenager. paul: what you're conscious of, you're in a state that well, you're from here and you're irish, but you didn't belong. you're an, kind of like, outsider and you're discriminated against. samantha: in 1,972, annapproved civil rights march was fired on by british soldiers. male: the shooting had died away in a matter of minutes, but by that time, 13 civilians had been killed. samantha: thirteen catholics were killed in what's known as bloody sunday. ira membership surged. p