let's consider a proton here. and now another proton right next to it. according to what we learned about electricity and magnetism, what will happen here? begin with a r, end with epel. - try it. - repel. they're gonna repel. a lot or a little? answer begin with a l. -a lot. -a lot. there're gonna be a huge force of repulsion. but you know what? they don't do that, not quite. these would and you won't find that in nature. you won't find in nature two protons stuck together like that that are stable. it turns out that the force of repulsion is like this. but there's another force inside just about stronger at this level and that force is called the strong interaction. and the strong interaction is holding these things together so the whole net force is about zero. but not quite, it's still unstable. so what you do is you put another particle here with no charge and that's a neutron. you want the protons and neutrons? both of which are made up of even fundamental-- more fundamental particles called quarks. but these neutrons don't repel. see, there's no c

- a proton. oh, did i call the neutral particle a proton? first time in my whole career... yeah, thanks, lee, thanks, lee. the neutral particles are neutron. guess why they call it neutron, gang? neutral. come on, neutral, guess how much charge it has? none, okay? and it turns out this proton, which does have a positive charge, pulls on the electron and pulls it together. later on, we get into electricity. we're gonna learn the fundamental rule, and the fundamental rule just says this: unlike charges attract and like charges repel, and do you know how it comes? nobody knows. that's why we say it's fundamental. we'll talk about that when we get to electricity, but we can just think of this electron being attracted to that proton in a way similar, and in a way it's dissimilar too, but in a way similar to the way the earth is attracted to the sun. there's a gravitational attraction. here there's an electrical attraction. anyway, that's the schematic diagram of the hydrogen atom, but this atom's got an extra neutron, so it has a mass of two, atomic mass of two. this is heavy hy

ooh, easier to shake, less mass for the protons in here than in here. and the most mass here is, we'll find out. and you keep going up, up, up the periodic table and the nucleons are easier to shake. and you care to get up to iron, and it's very, very easy-- you got the least mass of all because beyond iron the nucleons seem to gain mass. and you're starting to come back up, when you get to uranium, you still don't have as much mass you had in hydrogen. what is going on? how massive a proton is, how massive a neutron is, apparently depends upon what configuration nucleus it's in, and that's the case. and yet you kinda see that with einstein's equivalence of mass and energy. consider you have a nucleus. you got all these nucleons in there, right? they're all being held together, yeah? very, very strongly, nuclear forces, yeah? now, you wanna take a nucleon, when i say nucleon, i'm talking about a proton or a neutron, okay? you take one out and you wanna take-- grab one and you wanna pull it out of the nucleus. easy or hard? begin with the h. kinda big. t

that is a proton beam their. chamber. itb. that is a proton beam their. chamber. ity. that is a proton beam their. chamber. it's somewhat controversial but one thing you can be sure about is, it's expensive. so you know, it's always interesting to know how these things work. here's a nice schematic. you can see that there are these various gantries to treat patients. the real power source, of course, is money. if we didn't have big demand for this kind of technology, we wouldn't spend the money. it's the money that drives the system.

a car on the helicopter no less reached it's the size of run this week in one corner we have the proton a rally spec car which can already boast a twenty ten victory over an herb or into the pole and while the a.g.l. option rescue helicopter want to similar show done last year drivers allister mcrae on p.g. understand putting the pressure on the rights from the off by specially taking the first run of their surface two or bottle the helicopter pilots who are then race to victory in the second leg meaning a third bottle would be required swede to understand from please showing up the wheels of better blades guiding the proton while the finish line outside and for the first want to program them for. great stuff another is all your sport for whether it's next year and twenty four hour r.t. . here the reindeer isn't everything for the herders. and when it suffers people do their best to help. but the distances are. predictable. will the remedy be and try. that's.

a car and the helicopter no less reached it's the size of run this week in one corner we have the proton a rally spec car which going to really boast a twenty ten victory over an herbal we're going to pull into a.g.l. action rescue helicopter one a similar show done last year drivers allister and craig p.g. understand putting the pressure on the right from the off by swiftly taking the first run of their surface two or a bottle the helicopter pilots who are then race to victory in the second leg meaning a third bottle would be required swede to understand promptly showing up wheels better blades guiding the proton while the finish line outside and for the first want to progress. great stuff another is all your sport for whether it's next year in twenty four hour r.t. . you know how sometimes you see a story and it seems so you think you understand it and then you glimpse something else you hear or see some other part of it and realize everything you thought you knew you don't know i'm tom harpur welcome to the big picture. is he. going to use a secret lover touring to mccurry was able to

to iran to track a car or a helicopter in one corner we have the proton to rally suspect vehicle with children he pulls the twenty and victory over an herb or no bullets is why the action and rescue helicopter want to similar show done last year drivers alister mccrae p.g. understand putting the pressure on their herb born colleague jim wright from the off goodbye swiftly taking the first round all their surface to air about. the helicopter pilots kept the blades turning though to even the score in the second leg swedish driver understanding gather the crew told to the no three in the do or die final showdown meaning i grounded approach looks to be the winning one for. another when you say we create stuff another is all your sport for our weather is next year and twenty four hour r.t. . world of. science technology innovation all the moves developments from around russia we've got the future are covered. in russia would be so much brighter if you knew about sound from phones to impressions. these phones don't totty don't come. that's.

that is is proton beam therapy chamber. it's somewhat controversial but one thing you can be sure about it is it's expensive. it's always interesting to know how these things work. here's a nice schematic. you can see there are these various ways to treat people. the real power source of course is money. if we didn't have big demand for this kind of technology, we wouldn't spend the money. it's the money at that drives the system. so i'm glad i got past technology so i can now talk about economics. no, seriously, i'll go back to technology in a minute. so that's the point. as susan said, the various sources of health care cost growth that people have attributed over the years are not separable and in particular they all have their root in either the supply of something or the demand for something and since it's a market economy, it means money. and in this particular case it's both supply and demand. so anyway, here's something that i found in someone else's presentation, i thought it was very interesting. this does reflect

by the time the game time comes along, they don't care who sends the proton for bead dough down the thermalxhaust port as long as they say they have four. they want to blow up the death star and they hate the dark side. or -- or -- or, of course, there's always the political analogy. republicans who didn't support mitt romney will come together because they want to beat barack obama. oh, it's too complicated. >>> makes total sense to me. that's the best part of that clip, though, were the cut aways to neil calf outo while the strategist was giving that analogy. way are you awake? already checked out for the weekend. tweets, texts and e-mails are next. ♪ [ male announcer ] this is your moment. this is zales. the diamond store. take an extra 10% off storewide now through sunday. with the bankamericard cash rewards credit card, we earn more cash back for the things we buy most. 1% cash back everywhere, every time. 2% on groceries. 3% on gas. automatically. no hoops to jump through. no annual fee. that's 1% back on... wow! 2% on my homemade lasagna. 3% back on [ friends ] road trip!!!!!!!!!!!!

so there's the contrast to marcus welby, that is a proton beamed therapy chamber. it's somewhat controversial, but one thing you can be sure about is, it's expensive. and so you know, it's always interesting to note how these things work. so here's a nice schematic and you can see that there are various gantrys to treat persons and we know the cyclotron, but we know that is not true. the real source is money. if we didn't have this demand to this kind of technology we wouldn't spend the money. it's the mrn thoney that drives system. whew. i'm glad i got past technology to talk about economics. seriously, back to technology in a minute, but that's the point. as susan said, the various sources of health care costs growth that people have attributed over the years are not separable, and in particular, they all have their root in either the supply of something or the demand for something, and since it's a market economy, it means money. and in this particular case, it's both supply and demand. so, anyway, here's something that i found in someone else's presentation i t

own what why facebook paid a billion dollars for it is a mystery to me but anyway it's a different proton pick you know and i'm just a picture of my little toy terrier and i put it on there but that's not the most important event of my life it happens to be part of my life the way it looked before it was more prioritized what i thought was important now facebook is telling me what's important and what is important is exactly what i just did yeah go ahead . and it's creating new categories too so it's starting to ask you for more personal information about things like major life events like divorces or illnesses things you know medical conditions deaths in your family now those may seem innocuous and again yes the onus is on us to clean up our profile but there are different people and different you know there are teenagers and there are people my age middle aged you know users who are going to have different time and different knowledge of what should and shouldn't be scrubbed i think the concern there is at the end of the day facebook wants us to put more intimate information in these ne

technology is too expensive is to figure out how it is you could pool jfs and to give you one mpl kpa, the proton source which runs in chicago, essentially they they have parts and what they did is they financed the thing by having each of the universities pay for one of these parts or a fraction of the part so that you get private development inside the i think this. what you put in your part is the system becomes a highway and then the pods become the cars and you don't allow the government to decide when you put in the pod but you now have joint financing to create the public good. you can get this i think this done. you don't have to be a complete cynic about government support. you have to read the bush book. this is the guy that organized the science effort in world war ii and got the lastal most labs up and cambridge and there is no way we can't learn from them today. >> good evening. my name is james bailey and i am in the evening division at western university in springfield, massachusetts. my question this evening is for mr. thiele and specifically, mr. teale,y nuns atd a very interesti

that is is proton beam therapy chamber. it's somewhat controversial but one thing you can be sure about it is it's expensive. it's always interesting to know how these things work. here's a nice schematic. you can see there are these various ways to treat people. the real power source of course is money. if we didn't have big demand for this kind of technology, we wouldn't spend the money. it's the money at that drives the system. so i'm glad i got past technology so i can now talk about economics. no, seriously, i'll go back to technology in a minute. so that's the point. as susan said, the various sources of health care cost growth that people have attributed over the years are not separable and in particular they all have their root in either the supply of something or the demand for something and since it's a market economy, it means money. and in this particular case it's both supply and demand. so anyway, here's something that i found in someone else's presentation, i thought it was very interesting. this does reflect

"i've decided this is the proton to continue my efforts to ensure public safety in a different form. my responsibility and commitment to safety will continue to be my priority until my successor is confirmed." his term expires june of next year. he has been criticized by his management style by a number of commissioners. a successor has not been announced yet. >> coming up later today on c- span at noon eastern, a look at the future of the u.s. naval fleet, the navy, plans to downsize the fleet, increasing the use of small ships designed for operations close to the shoreline. that is at noon eastern about 40 minutes from now on c-span. coming up at 2:00, supreme court justice john paul stevens, a retired in 2010 after 35 years on the high court, he will address this year's meeting of the american law institute. at 4:30, president obama told a news conference at the close of the two-day nato summits in chicago. much of the meeting has focused on ending the afghan war. that's your live at 4:30 eastern on c-span. >> from 1971 through 1973, president nixon secretly recorded his phone con

that was a coronal mass ejection, we could see this come toward the earth with particles of energy, protonstrons, a magnetically charged stream that comes at us and that could charge some of our power lines that are out there and you may -- the power company may have to turn the power off for a while to protect us from that surge. you don't want surges coming into your house. that's all it is, and the gps could go wrong. if you can't drive anywhere without gps, you might be bad for one day. >> when could this happen? >> the boy has not poked the balloon yet, so the storm has not come out yet. if it shoots toward venus, we don't care. we only care when it's pointed toward us. for the next five days that big hole in the sun is pointed towards us. >> is the activity getting stronger or weaker. >> it will get stronger from april 2013 and then go back down toward the minimum to 6 1/2 to 7 years. >> i want you to stay there. we're going to talk about severe weather and the hurricane season as well. the hurricane season beginning officially in a couple weeks. we have some predictions to talk about

you strip adams down to their constitutional -- strip atoms down to their constitutional elements, protonsneutrons. it is 330,000 times the mass of the earth. you can now get the solar telescopes for the cost of a decent camera and look for yourself. you will see a solar prominence rising and falling back to the sun. the scale is almost in a comprehensible. the arch is much larger than the -- the scale is almost in comprehensible. the arch is much larger than the earth. it is moving fast. you get scale -- if you ever took a magnet and put a piece of paper and shake the iron filings on it, you can see the magnetic field lines. those are, what, a millimeter in width. on the sun, those are wider than the earth. you have these tubs that -- tubes that loop over and drop back. that is looking down on one of these giant, magnetic storms -- the giant magnetic storms. even though i have been observing the sun for half a century, i still find it difficult to adjust to the scale in which -- what amounts to a single electrical wire is twice the diameter of the earth. host: chad, independent line. go a

to get to the cable, the proton source that runs in chicago coming essentially but they do is the financethis thing by issuing the universities to pay for one of these or a fraction so that you get the private development inside the things we've put in your part is so that the system becomes a highway and then they become the cars and you don't allow the government to decide what to put in but you now have joined financing to create the public good. you can get this done. you don't have to be a complete cynic about the government's support. you have to read the book. this was the guy that organized the science effort in world war ii. he was the guy that got the los alamos labs and the lab rats up. they knew what they were doing. there is nothing we can't learn from them today to the >> my name is james and i am in the evening division at the university in springfield massachusetts. my question this evening is for mr. thiel. the dichotomy of the one hand of the high finance and the government regulation and great results and you have heavy regulation and poor results. how do you fit the wo

let's suppose i got this proton over here, and i want to this proton to fuse into that. well, once i get beyond the electron here, there's gonna be an enormous repulsion. very, very tough to do. okay? because this positive charges repel. but what if this electron were replaced by another particle that behave like an electron but was much, much more massive and would orbit way down in here. there is such a particle, and it's called a mu-meson. and a mu-meson has the same charge of an electron, and it will orbit very, very close. now, when this proton is coming over here, is it repelled by this configuration? no, it is not because it sees a neutral charge. it's very, very close. and what happens if it succeeded in doing this? spinning mu-mesons into this hydrogen gas, and it'll take the place of the electron. and this thing will come right over and, boom, snap, fuses at room temperature almost. and this is really, really neat. only one trouble. only one trouble. the mu-mesons are very, very short lived. they only last two billionths of a second. but you know what? they can