let's consider a proton here. and now another proton right next to it. according to what we learned about electricity and magnetism, what will happen here? begin with a r, end with epel. - try it. - repel. they're gonna repel. a lot or a little? answer begin with a l. -a lot. -a lot. there're gonna be a huge force of repulsion. but you know what? they don't do that, not quite. these would and you won't find that in nature. you won't find in nature two protons stuck together like that that are stable. it turns out that the force of repulsion is like this. but there's another force inside just about stronger at this level and that force is called the strong interaction. and the strong interaction is holding these things together so the whole net force is about zero. but not quite, it's still unstable. so what you do is you put another particle here with no charge and that's a neutron. you want the protons and neutrons? both of which are made up of even fundamental-- more fundamental particles called quarks. but these neutrons don't repel. see, there's no c

let's suppose i got this proton over here, and i want to this proton to fuse into that. well, once i get beyond the electron here, there's gonna be an enormous repulsion. very, very tough to do. okay? because this positive charges repel. but what if this electron were replaced by another particle that behave like an electron but was much, much more massive and would orbit way down in here. there is such a particle, and it's called a mu-meson. and a mu-meson has the same charge of an electron, and it will orbit very, very close. now, when this proton is coming over here, is it repelled by this configuration? no, it is not because it sees a neutral charge. it's very, very close. and what happens if it succeeded in doing this? spinning mu-mesons into this hydrogen gas, and it'll take the place of the electron. and this thing will come right over and, boom, snap, fuses at room temperature almost. and this is really, really neat. only one trouble. only one trouble. the mu-mesons are very, very short lived. they only last two billionths of a second. but you know what? they can

this charge out here now sees two protons tugging on it. how many say, "it'll be pulled into a tighter orbit"? how many say, "no, no, no, it'll stay the same"? how many say, "no, it'll be pushed further away"? check your neighbor. -- how many say it's gonna be tighter? yay, that's right. and it turns out, for a helium atom, the helium will hold the electron tight. and furthermore, it will hold another one too. the fact it holds another one makes it a little bit bigger, okay, 'cause they're repelling over here. but a helium atom is smaller. it turns out a helium atom won't gang up with any other atom, so there's no such thing as a helium molecule. we have two positive charges right next to each other like that, how do you deal with that? why don't those two positive charges repel? why don't they repel? look how close they are. they're right up against one another? why don't they repel? and let me say this, the electrical force is awesome. it's a billion, billion, billion, billion times stronger than the gravitational forces between these par

proton european and former soviet countries and he says the alleged boston bombers are most likely to have been radicalized outside of russia the church a nationality or ethnicity of the prime suspects is actually somewhat misleading for instance they have not actually lived in russia for the last ten years but actual time they spent in the north caucasus appears to be relatively small and there's some disagreement about that and i actually think the most likely outcome is that these guys are probably going to be self radicalized rather than having direct links to militants in the north caucasus there are no number of reasons in which people can become radicalized details surrounding time alone in his younger brother are somewhat sketchy at the moment so to go into too much detail would be to speculate too far however that does seem to be some signs around the older brother tom alarm in particular to suggest that he was struggling to adapt to life in the united states which is a sign of previous people who become radicalized in this sort of a way indeed this kind of disengagement with

saying that north korea will not be able to protect the staff in the event of actual complex from a proton on the words it certainly is a tense situation there although we've heard from diplomats saying that tensions on the ground within the north korean capital were rather calm at the moment what we know from russian foreign minister sergey lavrov is that the russians are currently considering the proposal but there's been no decision made as of yet to whether to actually evacuate the staff we know that the russians are in close contact with other allies in the region and let's take a listen to actually what the russian foreign minister had told r.t. when asked about his worries in this rather tense situation. let's listen because cuba you are in close contact with all chinese american and regional partners were highly concerned about the buildup of tension which is so far been verbal we're trying to understand why we've been asked to evacuate and whether it's in order or just advice or you know it's good we can see there are staff are still considering this proposal this has been a force

this is particularly true when proton therapy is used. because the stream of positively-charged, subatomic particles can be focused more precisely, there is little damage to surrounding cells. still another approach is to implant tiny radioactive beads within the malignant tissue for several weeks, and then remove them. compared to cho, everyone sort of feels that radiion is a walk in the park and most of the time, that's true. i found radiation was a pain in the butt because you have to go to the hospital every day, five days a week. you have to go down there, it really doesn't take very long but if somebody's late, if the machine has to cool down, so you can't really gauge your time. it made me really tired, and it... for me, i got a third degree burn underneath my breast where i guess one or two beams intersected. i had an open wound. that burn has still been the single most painful experience i've ever had in my life. these more traditional forms of cancer treatment are not the only options to be considered. dr. john glaspy: there are