in addition to vha has diagnosed about 27% of oca patients with ptsd. that rate is relatively high compared to published studies of prevalence which generally range from about five to 25%, but it's not surprising is veterans who have health problems are more likely than other veterans to seek care. the number of veterans who are eligible for vha benefits and extent to which they use the services will affect future costs. about 1.3 million oca veterans have become eligible for health care through the vha, just over half of them have sought the care through march 2011. the number of oca veterans who have ever used vha has grown by about 100,000 per year since 2005. roughly half of those, those have ever used vha, began using it within 12 months of separating from service. their use is typically highest in the months immediately after they enroll in that system. vha spent almost 1.9 billion, or $4800 per oca beijing in 2010, and making the total of $6 billion to treat oca veterans through 2010. although oca veterans were 7% of our veterans treated in 2010,

let's take ptsd, for example. so with ptsd, post-traumatic stress disorder, there are certain clusters of symptoms that we typically see, including what we first call avoidance symptoms. so, individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder may avoid places or circumstances that may remind them of the traumatic event that they experienced during war time or other situations that might have been the precursor, if you will, to the post-traumatic stress disorder. individuals with ptsd also often experience numbing symptoms, if you will, to block the pain associated with the post-traumatic stress disorder and so, sometimes individuals will engage in certain behaviors to block that numbing. they'll not confront the emotional experiences that they may have, try to stuff it down. sometimes alcohol or substance use is a way to try to block those emotional pain symptoms. and another common type of symptom that individuals experience with ptsd is hyper-vigilant symptoms, where individuals might be sometimes easily startled, f

ptsd or post-traumatic stress disorder is emotional, anxiety disorder. there are a lot of symptoms.th the fact they want to an individual familiar places, people. they tried to avoid even their families. small s could be irritating them. they get angry easily. -- things that used to be fun and entertaining, they try to stay away. finally, goes into depression symptoms. which as it continues and not recognized early on, it can go deeper and deeper. >> jamie: what about medications is that helpful? >> there are a lot of medications being used mostly anti-depressant such as zoloft or skill -- or pack sill. they may have nightmares, panic attacks, flashback of trauma. now more anti-psychotic medications used which is typically used for schizophrenia or autism, now they are using these medications for ptsd as well. >> jamie: what is it you want people to know about using that drug? >> reason why we are talking this today, jama published a study recently they looked at a period between 2007 to 2010, they found this particular medication is not as effective as we thought. it should only be

hosek, a 2008 rand study concluded that there's a possible connection between having ptsd, tbi and major depression and being homeless. last month admiral mullen expressed concern about repeating the mistakes we made after the vietnam war, and he said we are generating a homeless generation, many more homeless female veterans. and if we're not careful, we're going to do the same thing we did last time, unquote. can you walk we through the costs, both budgetary and human, of caring for veterans after they become homeless and using tools to prevent homelessness? >> unfortunately, i can't give you -- >> want to turn on your mic? >> thanks. unfortunately, i can't give you estimates of the cost. my concern, which i foreshadowed in my testimony, is that there may be a value in being more proactive in guiding people as they leave the service. right now when service members leave the service, they receive an out brief, and that covers among other things the benefits they're entitled to and advises them, of course, if they'll have a postdeployment health assessment and a six month follow-up of th

my kid, has severe ptsd. unless we can heal the wounds. it's not just on the streets of sunnydale. >> yes. the family, what makes up a family, parents children. ultimately, we have to also deal with our families who have their children who are placed with these acronyms over their head that follows them all through their lives. when working with the child. not only are we working with the families and their friends and the places they go before they get home. so the ultimate thing is building that family unit. i was going to run to that. life goes on. we all have a duty not just to the child. but to the family. because the child comes from a family and most the children that we're working with. the families are broken. the homes are broken. so they lived through this years and years. the parents have lived through broken families. >> i do want to say, we have to start with the kids. the kids are actually bring the parents. when the programs are working, then when you put on an event, the kid says, you have to go to this. if you don't come,

doctor confirms a diagnosis of ptsd that's enough. which brings me to the final area where america must meet its obligations to our veterans. a place where we need each other and that's the task of renewing our nation's economic strength. after a decade of war, it's time to focus on nation building here at home. allege r and our rhett vans, especially our 9/11 veterans have the skills and the dedication to help lead the way. that's why we're funding the post 9/11 g.i. bill which is helping more than 500,000 veterans and family members go to college, get their degrees and play their part moving america forward. [ applause ] it's why this fall we'll start encolluding vocational training as well. so veterans can develop the skills to succeed in today's economy. that's why i directed the federal government to hire more veterans. including more than 100,000 veterans in the past year and a half alone. in this tough economy far too many of our veterans are still unemployed. that's why i proposed a comprehensive initiative to make sure we're

for ptsd doesn't work. >> exactly.trists use a lot of medicines for nonlabelled, off labelled purposes. part of the reason that they use this for veterans is they were so frustrated, there are so few agents that work. but what they did is they looked back and they said look, let's look at 300 or a few less than 300 veterans with severe ptsd. this leaves open the question of more modest ptsd but those with severe ptsd, they didn't benefit any more than if they had received a placebo from the risperidone which is an anti-psychotic medication with potentially severe side effects, mood disorders and others. not to be toyed with. but 87,000 veterans were treated with this and it doesn't help. >> would this make people who suffer from this look for more psycho analysis as treatment than just immediately going to a drug which seems to be the way in which we've moved in this society? >> absolutely. it's time for -- this is a wake-up call for psychiatry. we've heard this about anti-depressants lately, too, that they -- that our

commissioner: you can cancel her on her ptsd stuff. -- council her. present -- present -- president mazzucco: i am sorry. we now go to the other sections. >> a couple of matters have come to the commission attention that the public might enjoy knowing about, and i thought you might want to comment. one is the new expanded email system, making that communication between the community and officers more available, and then the second was the fact that the department is preparing a video to be included with the it gets better web site, so i think those are two very noteworthy matters. >> so for the first time ever, every member of the police department has email for the first time ever. the policy has gone out of what it is, why it is. we do need to explain it. what it is, why it is, how it will be used, and now there is training on how to access it, how to use it, how you are expected to use it. we will work on this before it goes out, but it is pretty straightforward, and it is email. to some people, it sounds like we should have had before. maybe we sh

tl diagnosed with ptsd. >>reporter: today the tern for the family filed this brief in sap may take 0superior court asking that the court allow a bell weather trial. that is use 4 cases as bell weather for settlement. legal analyst dean johnson explains. >> you have those trials and that gives awe bench mark to decide how you might settle 0cases that are similar to the 4 that you have already tried. >>reporter: family want a trial in july of next year. pg&e issued the rae response brief today. it basically states pg&e has not been found liable for the explosion and fire that destroyed 35 homes and killed 8 residents last september 9 whichlt pg&e wants to do is have a trail on one issue that is liability. whether or not pg&e was at fault. >>reporter: to that end pg&e sent this response to us tonight. our gel has always been and continues to be of finding a timely fair resolution to these matters. we believe our proposal would allow a much faster efficient means to the restlution of the claims which the plainti

how does this bill help of veterans affairs and disabled veterans, the guys to come back with ptsd? guest: veterans affairs is one of the categories at risk under this bill. this bill. it may be cut. again, it depends on the super committee of 12 individuals. to a large degree, not 100%, but in this legislation, 535 congressmen and senators have punted this issue to told super congressmen and senators, six senators, six house members, six republicans, six democrats. you'll seeckup 6-6, draconian cuts in services. one example, which is frightening to me, something in the neighborhood of $60 billion per year in cuts beginning in fiscal year 2013 in the national defence, the number one priority of the government. that could be cut by $60 billion, more or less, in just 14 months. host: independent scholar from jacksonville, alabama. caller: i will be extremely disappointed if he does not enact the 14th amendment. our problems started with nafta. i was working when nafta came about and i lost my job because of nafta. a lot of people in alabama and other places lost their jobs as a result

. >>> number one story right now on msnbc.com, a wildly used ptsd drug fails in testing. what you're doing at this hour. >> christopher writes i'm awake because i'm trying to ask a girl out on a date and trying to find a nice place to take her out in chicago. i'm 22, and this is my first

. >> reporter: a vietnam vet suffering from ptsd, emphysema and bipolar disorder, marzette was livingightmare, panhandling to survive in venice, california. >> people say you live in venice? no, i lived on venice. i lived on the sand, on the parking lots, on the streets. >> reporter: until early one morning when people like this entered and changed his life. they are volunteers with 100,000 homes campaign. a nationwide, nonprofit with the goal of putting 100,000 homeless americans in permanent housing. the most sick and vulnerable first. on this morning, they were fanning out at 4:00 a.m. to survey the homeless of pasadena. >> where do you mostly sleep? >> right here. >> reporter: people like 55-year-old william anderson. how long have you been out here? >> i've been out here seven months. just here in pasadena. >> reporter: he used to haul goods from the port of l.a. in his own rig until 2 1/2 years ago. when business went bad, he lost his truck, lost his home, and ended up here. >> make a few bad decisions, and a few bad choices, and you can end up right here. >> reporter: they find

i suffer from ptsd and depression. as a marine, that's just something that i didn't feel comfortable doing. how do you go and say, "i think i'm losing my mind?" i did 7 years in the 82nd airborne division. i had deployed to afghanistan from '02 to '03 and, from that point on, i went to iraq from '03 to '04. i joined the army in 2000, active army, and i deployed to iraq. i was the first round deployment, so i left in january, right before the war started. and i was a truck driver so was one of the first ones over the berm into iraq. the community partnership of southern arizona is the regional behavioral health authority in pima county. and one of the things that, as an organization, we're very much tuned into is kind of the changing needs in the community. i came to the va about 5 years ago and i had worked in the community for many years and had worked with cpsa a lot when i worked at some of the public agencies. so, i had already the relationships with a lot of the people there. and then, once i came over here, i thi

doctor confirms a diagnosis of ptsd, that's enough.the final area where america must meet its obligations to our veterans. this is place where we need each other, and that's the task of renewing our nation's economic strength. after a decade of war, it's time to focus on nation building here at home. and our veterans, especially our 9/11 veterans, have the skills and the dedication to help lead the way. that's why we're funding the post 9/11 g.i. bill, which is now helping more than 500,000 veterans and family members go to college, get their degrees, and play their part in moving america forward. >> [applause] >> it's why this fall, we'll start including vocational trading and apprenticeships as well, so veterans can develop the skills to succeed in today's economy. and that's why i've directed the federal government to hire more veterans. including more than 100,000 veterans in the past year and a half alone. but in this tough economy, far too many of our veterans are still unemployed. that's why i've proposed a comprehensive initiat

doctor confirms a diagnosis of ptsd, that's enough.ch brings me to the final area where america must meet its obligations to our veterans. this is a place where we need each other. that's the task of renewing our nation's economic strength. after a decade of war, it's time to focus on nation building here at home. our veterans, especially our 9/11 veterans, have the skills and the dedication to help lead the way. that's why we're funding the post-9/11 g.i. bill which is now helping more than 500,000 veterans and family members go to college, get their degrees and play their part in moving america forward. it's why this fall we'll start including vocational training and apprenticeships as well so veterans can develop the skills to succeed in today's economy. that's why i have directed the federal government to hire more veterans, including more than 100,000 veterans in the past year and a half alone. in this tough economy, far too many of our veterans are still unemployed. that's why i have proposed a comprehensive initiative to make su

or bush ptsd. here's former bush strategist matthew dowd talking to george stephanopoulos earlier this month on the similarities between the two texas governors. >> now, part of his problem is he sounds a lot like george bush. he looks like the president, though, if you look at the picture. but he sounds and has similar mannerisms to george bush. i don't think that's as much of a problem in the republican primary. it could be a problem in the general election. >> is the public ready for more bush-style texas swagger? joining me are wayne slater of the dallas morning news and msnbc political analyst richard wolffe. welcome to you both. wayne, so they walk alike. they talk alike. but are george w. bush and rick perry really that much alike? >> no. they're actually very different people. that caricature of george bush that we all participated in painting about a decade ago, the swaggering, drawling cowboy, is really something of a construction. it's really what rick perry is in real life. they're real

it could be higher, so we have an obligation to those veterans who have come back with ptsd, who come back with behavioral problems, who end up homeless and jobless, and of course one of those efforts that millions of members of the congressional black caucus also congress has embraced is the hiring heroes act, which was sponsored by the -- in the senate by senator murray and me in the house, which really gives new meaning to rehab and job training and job opportunities for veterans, a special effort to give extended transitional assistance to our veterans so they will not end up homeless and jobless, and it provides incentives for employers, extra training for veterans. it provides extended unemployment for their veterans, but it gives more and brings together all of the existing training programs under one bill with an additional resources. i think that bill will probably become law, but that is a targeted population that has suffered tremendously because of the unfunded wars, but who have paid the price that was necessary for our freedom and security in this country, and we owe the

they know that one year deployment add a lot of stress to a force already suffering high rate of ptsd as well as divorce and suicide. they hope this reduction in the length of combat tour will make a big change in quality of life. >> coming up on the news at 9:00. potential controversy brewing over san francisco new water meterers and the similarities to pg&e smart meters. >> also hiding in plain sight. one city homeless problem that is hard to see and maybe even harder to get rid of. >> i'm in the accu-weather forecast center. when the fog lifts tomorrow can we expect a warm start to the weekend? answer in my accu-weather forecast coming up. >> also. local landmark gets a new name. this rock formation is now pÑ [ male announcer ] this... is the montrose pet hospital -- montrose, california. in here, anarchy meets order. working with at&t, doctors set up a broadband solution to handle data and a mobility app to stay connected with their business. so they can run the office... even when they're not in the office. call at&t and see what we can do for you. with unl

the ptsd rates are very high.number of suicides, army suicides in american history. 32 people. so, there are significant challenges. those challenges were made. we have to -- we can't lose sight of the fact there are a lot of success stories and a lot of people coming back who have a lot to offer our society. >> why aren't we doing a better job taking care of those guys? >> it's hard and subtle. there's a guy -- there's a group called team rubicon. it's disaster relief. one of the leaders of team rubicon committed suicide much to the amazement and shock of not only his family, but the people he was working alongside. these are deep difficult problems that many of them have but there are also some deep and very impressive qualities that they are bringing back. >> talk team rubicon, it's the team that saw what was happening on the ground in haiti, instantly mobilized and got a group down there. >> the leaders of the group said a lot of other humanitarian organizations when they go in is chaos. they don't know how to

the days when depression and ptsd were stigmatized -- those days must end. that's why i made the decision to start sending condolence letters to the families of service members who take their lives while deployed in a combat zone. these americans did not die because they were weak. they were warriors. they deserve our respect. every man and woman in uniform, every veteran, needs to know that your nation will be there to help you stay strong. (applause.) it's the right thing to do. in recent months, we've heard new reports of some of our veterans not getting the prompt mental health care that they desperately need. and that, too, is unacceptable. if a veteran has the courage to seek help, then we need to be doing everything in our power to deliver the lifesaving mental care that they need. so secretary shinseki and the va are going to stay on this. and we'll continue to make it easier for veterans with post- traumatic stress to qualify for va benefits, regardless of the war that you served in. if you served in a combat theater and a va doctor confirms a diagn

could be scary of the shocking report, drugs to treat ptsd no more than a placebo?order for our soldiers. is that really the best we can do for our troops? and a tennessee house destroyed by fire, but trace adkins is looking o on the bright side of things and he's here to explain. he's a man of few words sometimes, but he's got a great voice. ♪ [ male announcer ] imagine all of your missed opportunities in one place. ♪ the race of your life you never ran. the trip around the world you never took. the best-selling novel you never wrote. but there's one opportunity that's too good to miss. the lexus golden opportunity sales event, with exceptional values on the lexus es. but only until september 6th. see your lexus dealer. what if we designed an electric motorcycle? what if we turned trash into surfboards? whatever your what if is, the new sprint biz 360 has custom solutions to make it happen, including mobile payment processing, instant hot spots, and 4g devices like the motorola photon. so let's all keep asking the big what ifs. sprint business specialists can help

. >> the days when depression and ptsd were stigmatized must end.ns did not die because they were weak. they were warriors. >> the president said his administration is committed to improving outreach and suicide prevention programs for those in the military. hoping to also ease the pain of unemployment for troops returning for the battlefield, mr. obama is pushing companies to hire vets and proposing tax breaks for incentive. >> for the sake of our veterans and economy, we need them working. >> charles who served in the army and marines said sacrifice deserves to be rewarded at home. >> they have come from the chaos of the battlefield. they bring their baggage back with them and when they don't have a job, that compounds through the problem. >> about the same time president obama was addressing legion ears on the need to create jobs faster, mitt romney was criticizing his record if a speech at the vfw national convention in san antonio, texas. >> we're stand near the threshold of profound misery. four more years on the same political path could prov

doctor confirms a diagnosis of ptsd, that is enough.hich brings me to the final area where america must meet its obligations to our veterans. this is a place where we need each other, and that is the task of renewing our nation's economic strength. after a decade of war, it is time to focus on nation-building here at home. and our veterans, especially our 9/11 veterans, have the skill and dedication to help lead the way. that is why we are funding the post-9/11 gi bill, which is now helping more than 500,000 veterans and family members go to college, get their degrees, and play their part in a moving america forward. [applause] it is why this fall, we will start including vocational training and apprentice ships as well, so veterans can develop the skills to succeed today. and that is why i have directed the federal government to hire more veterans, including more than 100,000 veterans in the past year and half alone. in this tough economy, far too many of our veterans are still th is why i proposed a comprehensive initiative to be sure

it could be higher, so we have an obligation to those veterans who have come back with ptsd, who come back with behavioral problems, who end up homeless and jobless, and of course one of those efforts that millions of members of the congressional black caucus also congress has embraced is the hiring heroes act, which was sponsored by the -- in the senate by senator murray and me in the house, which really gives new meaning to rehab and job training and job opportunities for veterans, a special effort to give extended transitional assistance to our veterans so they will not end up homeless and jobless, and it provides incentives for employers, extra training for veterans. it provides extended unemployment for their veterans, but it gives more and brings together all of the existing training programs under one bill with an additional resources. i think that bill will probably become law, but that is a targeted population that has suffered tremendously because of the unfunded wars, but who have paid the price that was necessary for our freedom and security in this country, and we owe the

them jobs and also how you get them back to a civil society. 40% of the veterans coming back have ptsd syndrome in one form or another. there are a number of programs around the country in communities and at the veteran's administration to help communities recognize it and deal with it. what is striking to me is you get little complaining from the veterans. charles weaver has not been able to find a job. i met with him in wisconsin. his wife has a job as a special education teacher. then you find so many of the others who say if i had an opportunity, i would like to go back and serve again. i don't mean to preempt your title but it's way too early in montana. >> you got me beat by an hour, tom. >> we thank you for being on the show. the "dateline" special, "the road back" premiers sunday. tom brokaw, thank you. coming up, the hacking scandal involving tv host piers morgan and paul mccartney. more when "morning joe" returns. [ male announcer ] imagine all of your missed opportunities in one place. ♪ the front-row tickets you never bought. the lucrative investment you never made. the exo

many of them had ptsd, as you can imagine. 10% had a phobia.it a gore phobia if you want to, the fear of leaving your house. if in the city on alert and watching for the next event, there are many children who just did not want to leave their families or leave their homes. the second important thing was coordination of community partnerships. and what we have learned and we always knew but was under scored by our spirits in new york city was that those schools had existing partnerships did much better than the schools that did not. those schools were starting -- that did not have partnerships were starting at step one. who are you? do you know about our school? and those schools who had partnerships were just ready to get those programs off of the ground. the third is that the organization had to be centralized for the disaster. if it too disbursed, and of course there are five boroughs and all of the politic that is go to five boroughs, you don't have a centralized system of response, you don't have a centralized system of training, and you do

many of them had ptsd, as you can imagine. 10% had a phobia.it a gore phobia if you want to, the fear of leaving your house. if in the city on alert and watching for the next event, there are many children who just did not want to leave their families or leave their homes. the second important thing was coordination of community partnerships. and what we have learned and we always knew but was under scored by our spirits in new york city was that those schools had existing partnerships did much better than the schools that did not. those schools were starting -- that did not have partnerships were starting at step one. who are you? do you know about our school? and those schools who had partnerships were just ready to get those programs off of the ground. the third is that the organization had to be centralized for the disaster. if it too disbursed, and of course there are five boroughs and all of the politic that is go to five boroughs, you don't have a centralized system of response, you don't have a centralized system of training, and you do

it could be higher, so we have an obligation to those veterans who have come back with ptsd, who come back with behavioral problems, who end up homeless and jobless, and of course one of those efforts that millions of members of the congressional black caucus also congress has embraced is the hiring heroes act, which was sponsored by the -- in the senate by senator murray and me in the house, which really gives new meaning to rehab and job training and job opportunities for veterans, a special effort to give extended transitional assistance to our veterans so they will not end up homeless and jobless, and it provides incentives for employers, extra training for veterans. it provides extended unemployment for their veterans, but it gives more and brings together all of the existing training programs under one bill with an additional resources. i think that bill will probably become law, but that is a targeted population that has suffered tremendously because of the unfunded wars, but who have paid the price that was necessary for our freedom and security in this country, and we owe the

it could be higher, so we have an obligation to those veterans who have come back with ptsd, who come back with behavioral problems, who end up homeless and jobless, and of course one of those efforts that millions of members of the congressional black caucus also congress has embraced is the hiring heroes act, which was sponsored by the -- in the senate by senator murray and me in the house, which really gives new meaning to rehab and job training and job opportunities for veterans, a special effort to give extended transitional assistance to our veterans so they will not end up homeless and jobless, and it provides incentives for employers, extra training for veterans. it provides extended unemployment for their veterans, but it gives more and brings together all of the existing training programs under one bill with an additional resources. i think that bill will probably become law, but that is a targeted population that has suffered tremendously because of the unfunded wars, but who have paid the price that was necessary for our freedom and security in this country, and we owe the

many of them had ptsd, as you can imagine. 10% had a phobia.t a gore phobia if you want to, the fear of leaving your house. if in the city on alert and watching for the next event, there are many children who just did not want to leave their families or leave their homes. the second important thing was coordination of community partnerships. and what we have learned and we always knew but was under scored by our spirits in new york city was that those schools had existing partnerships did much better than the schools that did not. those schools were starting -- that did not have partnerships were starting at step one. who are you? do you know about our school? and those schools who had partnerships were just ready to get those programs off of the ground. the third is that the organization had to be centralized for the disaster. if it too disbursed, and of course there are five boroughs and all of the politic that is go to five boroughs, you don't have a centralized system of response, you don't have a centralized system of training, and you don

are we going to help the returning soldiers, 160-,000 plus who have ptsd? those who want to come into the workplace? will the corporate sector now stand up and be counted? my friends on the other side of the aisle, that's what i believe is justice for all. that's what i believe is bipartisanship on something that has already been done 100 times. the simple raising of the debt ceiling. now on the backs of those who cannot speak for themselves. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the gentleman from pennsylvania rise? >> i ask permission to address the house for one minute and to revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman is recognized for one minute. >> instead of appealing to america's greatest aspirations, hopes and dreams, there are those who appealing to our basis character using fear and envy and greed to prey upon those who are supposed to lead. mr. murphy: we can no longer feed it with despair and all the while weakening the iron will of this nation and plummeting it into mediocrity. we must not attack

many of them had ptsd, as you can imagine.f them, interestingly enough, had a chlorophyll b. you can call it a chlorophyll b. if you want to, the fear of leaving your house, but if you're in a city where that is on alert, and watching for the next event, there are major hitches did not which lead to families or those. the second important thing was coronation of community partnerships. and what we learned and we always knew that was underscored by our experience in new york city was that those schools who have existing partnerships did much better than the schools that did not. those schools were starting, that did not have partnerships that were starting at step one, who are you? do you know about our school? and those schools would partnerships which is ready to get those programs out of the ground. the third is that the organization had to be centralized for the disaster. if it's too dispersed, and, of course, there are five boroughs and although the politics that go with five boroughs, you don't have a centralized system o

it could be higher, so we have an obligation to those veterans who have come back with ptsd, who come back with behavioral problems, who end up homeless and jobless, and of course one of those efforts that millions of members of the congressional black caucus also congress has embraced is the hiring heroes act, which was sponsored by the -- in the senate by senator murray and me in the house, which really gives new meaning to rehab and job training and job opportunities for veterans, a special effort to give extended transitional assistance to our veterans so they will not end up homeless and jobless, and it provides incentives for employers, extra training for veterans. it provides extended unemployment for their veterans, but it gives more and brings together all of the existing training programs under one bill with an additional resources. i think that bill will probably become law, but that is a targeted population that has suffered tremendously because of the unfunded wars, but who have paid the price that was necessary for our freedom and security in this country, and we owe the