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. >> i know i have ptsd. it's just off the, off the charts. >> trying to understand the causes -- >> you ain't nobody until you kill somebody around here. >> trying to find the solution. >> even if the guns are here someone has to pull the trigger. our jot, get them not to pick the gun up. >>> crime was actually down this year in the city of chicago. shootings down, murders down. no one can say for sen way to is but it is obviously good news. but better numbers are only so much comfort when talking about more than 600 people dying. we spent this year trying to understand the very creel crisis of violence in chicago, returning to the city again and again to talk to the people who actually live there. people suffering as a result of the violence and people trying to do something to stop it. through the reporting and analysis we'll briv you tonight, and i hope we can add context to the discussion of a city i love. a place so much more vibrant and complicated than what the president reduces it to. >> what the hel

. >> i know i have ptsd. it's just off the charts. >> trying to understand the causes. >> around here you ain't nobody until you kill somebody. >> even if the guns are here somebody has to pull the trigger. our job is to get them not to pick the gun up. >> this is all in america chicago. crime was actually down this year in the city of chicago. shootings were down, murders were down. no one can say why that have though it is obviously good news. better numbers are only so much comfort when you're talking about more than 600 people dying. returning to the city again and again to talk to the people who actually live there. people suffering and people trying to do something to stop it. through the reporting and analysis i hope we can add some context, a place so much more vbrant what the president reduces it to. >> what the hell is going on in chicago? what the hell is happening there? chicago is out of control. this is not like it's the united states of america. >> what the hell is going on in chicago? >> attac

ptsd is a sign of weakness. that's what soldiers think. they don't want to be branded with somebody saying you are emotionally, cognitively week, psychologically weak. you say that you soldier that has that connotation to it. now, it isn't true of course but it still has that connotation. and believe it or not there are careers that have ended over that diagnosis. so i balked at it. i said no, not me. and to their credit at the va, they were to me and said okay, but let's just go to some therapy sessions, which we did, and i, over time, over about a year, a whole year, i finally came to agreement that, yes, i agree. now, i do write about that in the book, and one thing i had to confront which is very difficult for me, not just a briefly, and when i i came back from after three tours of war, i would have these nightmares. i get tangled up in the sheets and i thought i was fighting somebody, attacking, somebody was getting me. so i would turn over and i would pummel my wife with my fist and she would wake up screaming, of course. now, you kn

the study than combat ptsd according to the study than com bat vetera ns ptsd according to the studyriod of time but from a young age and that's why it appears to affect them more. a combat population see horrific things of course, soldiers, but they are adults, they are trained in doing that and can withdraw from it. but that issue of it being compatible in numbers to the refugee population is also interesting because at the two populations, you recognise it as a problem and even in the us, it provides help for those refugees to get therapy. whereas in the us in the city is of course quite it is not recognise so much as a problem. so a lot of those people really need the help and don't get it. i thought the whole series were fantastic. child marriage, the water issue in flint and then this piece as well. there is such a disconnect from what we hear from these economist at about the stock market is booming, unemployment local wages rising and yet emerge as the feud problem. part of the reason we wanted them to do this story is that incredible things are happening in this country in t

i suffered from what is now known as ptsd. posttraumatic stress. and did not get my life back until 1975 when i learned to meditate to relieve stress. combat is the height of evil. japan was evil, germany was evil, billy was evil. he fought against countries. and i do not believe that i am part of the greatest generation. general eisenhower, general marshall, general macarthur, they are all west point graduates. i was 18. i did not know anything about the world. admiral cain and other annapolis graduates with the greatest generation. tom brokaw wrote a book speaking about that it was a catchy title and sold a lot of books. really the leaders of the free world where the military men who served from west point and annapolis. >> thank you for that perspective. the war ended in 1945. i think i heard you say you spent time in the reserve. beyond the end of world war ii. but then, like millions of world war ii veterans, he returned from the war. he started a new life in the civilian world. that returning work for us and the work ethic, the belief in free

a rate much higher than evenin from ptsd.h team is now focusing on how the brains of children in a violent neighbourhood are affected either trauma. unlike soldiers who come home from war and now they no longer are in the dangerous environment, many of the children in this study are still living in the dangerous environment. gunshots and violence in the street is something that they are adapting to. their brain is adapting to it as well. we can see that on the imaging. in effect, the children's brains are growing up fast that it was of what they are exposed to. it affects their ability to learn and makes it difficult for them to build relationships and makes them susceptible to depression and drug use. susceptible to depression and drug use. this 12—year—old is typical in her experience. she has seen fights and told us of a shootout right beside her home. we were in bed and then they started shooting and then my mom came in and told us to get on the floor and don't get up until it stops. and then it stopped and one person die

rates of sexual trauma ptsd are -- the myth that men do not get raped has been proven to be especially intractable in the military when filing disability claims. some survivors have characterized sexual violence in the military as a two pronged assault. there is the original rape, followed shortly after by the command rape. the threats of retaliation, the unwillingness of commanders to take action. the boys club mentality that would rather shame the victim then prosecute the perpetrator. many who have been interviewed about this say the command rape is far more traumatizing, than the original rape. katie lynn cesena is just one of tens of thousands of mst track -- mst casualties of the war on terror. the wart traumatized by on islam or whatever the u.s. claims to be fighting today, the buyer rape culture wherein nothing feminine is welcome. what does this add up to? what does the history of american war look like if it is stitched together through the howard russell, john mccain, and katie lynn cesena. i would like to start a wrapup by offering broad interpretations. perhaps the most g

ptsd counts, too. traumatic brain injury counts, too. because there's almost a hierarchy of injury, things that are most important. things to the body that are visible, that ranks number one, especially if it comes in wartime. below that, maybe injury to the mind but that has physical symptoms. and maybe at the bottom, kicked in the face by a mule. the person kicked in the face by a mule might require as much as if not more therapy and pension work than the person at the top. but because pensions and and these disability ratings are always political, you have to lobby the government to get funding and so forth, they want to control what a disabled veteran is, a heroic vision of the disabled veteran. the military is in a strange place. i don't think icon vaed the complexity of the military. the military has been on the cutting edge of a lot of this research, increasingly they are invested in this idea of military sexual trauma as an important obstacle for what they want to do going forward. the military knows that it's not booing to have

exposureerience toxic related to cancers and ptsd like our fellow soldiers. vietnam veterans of america and other major veterans service organizations have worked tirelessly to help get that toxic exposure and research act passed last year, but that's only the beginning. you need to keep on everyone, so we get the benefits and the care that we deserve after toxic exposure. it's for our children and our grandchildren now. timely care is needed at the v.a. health care. stec and gynecological care should be standard in all the hospitals. it's a goal, but it hasn't been met yet. infertility in both women and men that serve in country or that in other areas today have toxic exposure is something we need more work on. v.a. benefits need inclusion of comparable claims and adjudication for women veterans. suicide and homeless rates for women veterans are on the rise, and we need to look at that and help. military sexual trauma care is a sore point. in 2014, we had a bill passed that was supposed to help take care of that. it's not enough, we need to say no more ever

correspondent phil keating as more on how one combat marine is helping others cope with ptsd. >> for these combat veterans from fallujah, iraq and afghanistan, this sound sure beats the sound of bullets. >> this is a good therapy for anybody, combat veteran who is suffering from ptsd and just to be together with people that have been through the same thing you've been through and they know what you have been through and you don't have to talk about it. >> that's the whole point of this, the brain child of former marine martinez. getting fellow combat vets who seen and heard the worst of war and still deal with its impact out on the high seas to focus on fishing and camaraderie. >> i was separated from my wife. had just had a 6 month old son born at the time. but i was doing a lot of drinking. i had hit rock bottom so starting this, i now have a purpose once again in life. i'm surrounding myself with like-minded individuals, combat veterans that understand me. literally this operation has now become almost my form of therapy. >> put your left hand higher you were on the top. there you

there are soldiers described as having ptsd, and it's the same designation. prof. kinder: that is often a political designation. , number of veterans groups disabled veterans groups, like disabled american veterans, wounded warrior project, have been invested in keeping control of these terms. they want to define what disability is, who disabled veterans are. what counts as a disabled veteran? lobbying tolot of say, invisible injuries count, too. ptsd counts, too. traumatic brain injury counts, too. there is almost a hierarchy of injuries. an injury to the body that is visible, that ranks number one, especially if it comes in that, if youbelow have an injury to the mind but has physical symptoms and so forth, and maybe at the bottom, kicked in the face by a mule. the people who have been kicked in the face by a mule might require just as much therapy and pension work as the person at pensionsbut because and the disability ratings are always political, you have to lobby the government to get funding and so forth. what ant to control disabled veteran is. military is

sorry about that. >> basically you're going to go through some ptsd. >> yes.erek is riding this with his mother in the side car riding along this really nice oregon day. he pulls up to this intersection. where he has to stop, so does the vehicle in front of us. now, there's no stop sign for cross-traffic, in fact you see a small suv coming up from the distance. the problem is, i don't think that driver in front of us noticed. they make their quick stop, but proceed to cross the intersection. >> oh! wow. >> yeah, unfortunately they end up colliding, and they pin him between his motorcycle and that white suv. >> argh! >> you can hear the screams of agonizing pain. >> argh! argh! >> and at this point, he does have broken bones. >> how is his mom? she was in the side car. that's his most precious cargo. >> it sounds like she was okay. now in incidents like this, it's so important to have video. this guy is driving. >> ooh! >> when out of nowhere, another vehicle just makes that really hard left turn, crashing right into this driver. >> they just peeled around that

of the 20 they are saying you are not able to do your job as a result of the ptsd received from doingwith them. that doesn't seem legal. >> that is the issue what happens right now and my attorney is looking into it and we will see where that goes. heather: your former chief said this is hard for the entire department because obviously they want to be there for you and i'm sure everyone across the country wants to be there as well. thank you for joining us, really appreciate it. omar delgado joining us, we will be right back, stay with us. heather: birth control pills could raise your risk of breast cancer. women who use the hormone medication are 20% more likely to develop the disease. it is unclear why but the risk gets higher the longer someone uses birth control. breast cancer is the second biggest cancer killer of american women. researchers haven't found a reason millennials to this too often. new survey by the insurance term says 70 before% of millennials think being called snowflake damages their mental health. the term is typically used to mock overly sensitive young people,

vietnam veterans of america. 8:00 to 9:00 ptsd class, washington.erica. vietnam memorial volunteers and friends. jewish war veterans of the usa. tan sanot association. caisson veterans. the american legion. veterans of foreign wars. rolling thunder chapter one of maryland. 39th engineer battalion alumni association. am vets. third battalion, eighth infantry. 82nd airborne association. and the first marine aircraft wing. we ask that audience members remain standing and at attenti we ask that audience members remain standing and at attention until taps has been played and the honor guard has been dismissed. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> honor guard, you are dismissed. this concludes our ceremony. thank you for coming, ladies and gentlemen. >>> i've been attacked by everybody. i've been attacked by the right wing. attacked by the russians, i've been attacked by the trump campaign and sanders campaign. now, i can add to that list, the clinton campaign. >> sunday on c-span's q&a, former democratic chair donna brazile talks about her life in politics, and her memoir "hacks.

responded to the pulse nightclub shooting says he's on the verge of losing his job because he has ptsded with a message from congress. stay with us. >> this week marks the fifth anniversary of the sandy hook elementary school shooting. vigils were held across the country this weekend. twenty children and six teach efers were killed in the mass shooting in connecticut. many called on congress to enact commonsense gun control. some say they are making progress in changing peopling's minds. it's definitely important tha day that we mourn the tragic shooting in newtown, but we also have to acknowledge all we have accomplished over the last five years. the community of newtown is close to designing a permanent memorial that will honor the victims. a commission was formed in 2013 but or location for the memorial. a florida police officer who responded to the pulse nightclub shooting says he is losing his job because he suffers from ptsd . tonight there is ongoing controversy. fox's daniel lamb a has more. >>reporter: pulled about three, four people out while all the action was going on. >>re

vietnam veterans of america. 8:00 to 9:00 ptsd class, washington.erica. vietnam memorial volunteers and friends. jewish war veterans of the usa. tan sanot association. caisson veterans. the american legion. veterans of foreign wars. rolling thunder chapter one of maryland. 39th engineer battalion alumni association. am vets. third battalion, eighth infantry. 82nd airborne association. and the first marine aircraft wing. we ask that audience members remain standing and at attention until taps has been we ask that audience members remain standing and at attention until taps has been played and the honor guard has been dismissed. ♪ ♪ >> honor guard, you are dismissed. this concludes our ceremony. thank you for coming, ladies and gentlemen. >>> this week, washington journal features authors of key books published this past year. join us for or live conversation with authors about their popular books. coming up on saturday, jessica bruter with her book. and on sunday, author chris whipple with "the gatekeepers, how the white house chiefs of staff define

in a city suffered with ptsd for a number of years.ht you give to somebody listening to this that would be in need of help? >> i was told that i had battle fatigue. the war was over. you can forget about it. the veterans today, 20 or 22 commit suicide every day. those who serve, they need something for themselves. we spend a lot for antidepressants and anti- psychotic drugs, which is addictive sometimes. and we can teach meditation for $700 to a veteran one time fee for a lifetime of help. tm.org is the website that they can find out about it. i still meditate twice a day, 20 minutes a day. i think it has kept me alive and is keeping me alive. i am an advocate of that. you cannot force anyone it is something that removes the stress of combat. and it can do it for others. >> center section, sir? >> hello. yes. my father-in-law in 94, world transport world war ii. he lived to india. he is alive today and he does walk and today i had breakfast with a good friend who is 95 years old and flew combat in italy. they are still the five percent

include depression, difficulty sleeping, self dedication, and not surprisingly, heightened rates of ptsd and high rates of suicide. claims for sexual trauma related ptsd are granted at lower rates than those connected to nonsexual psychological trauma and the myth that men's don't get -- that men don't get raped has proven to be especially intractable in the military, when filing disability claims. charactervors at sexual violence in military as a two-pronged assault. there is the original rape, followed shortly thereafter by the command rape, the threats of retaliation, the unwillingness of commanders to take action. the boy's club mentality that would rather shame the victim and prosecute the perpetrator, and many who have been interviewed about this say that the command rate is far more traumatizing in fact, in their minds, than the original thing. just one of tens of thousands of casualties of the war on terror. lives traumatize not by radical islam or whatever the u.s. claims to be fighting today, but by a rape culture in which, according to one journalist, nothing feminist is well

ptsd was hidden under my skin.hen i went to a restaurant, i would put my back against the wall in what is called the wild bill hickok chair. sat inill hickok always that chair until one time he didn't and he sat in the center of the room and someone came up and shot him in the back of the head. if you are sitting against the wall, no one can shoot you in the back of the head. i have heightened vigilance. whenever i left the door of my house, i was looking for snipers . when a car backfired i jumped three feet. yes, there were nightmares. they were particularly hard on my wife. i would sometimes end up hitting her. it was no big deal. i'm an airborne warrior and i fear nothing. let phrase robin williams. good morning, vietnam. let me tell you about my first two weeks in the field. our job at the first of the three 27th was to close off a place called the ashok bally. it was the highway that made the tet offensive possible. they took tanks down it, they took trucks down it. they probably took 800,000 people. under to

ptsd often doesn't show up rig away. it can be a year or two or more before it really starts to show up. >> you're always on alert. you know, you're thinking of the worst scenarios that are gonna happen. [explosion] whoa! >> we were going through e town, and we had snipers on the buildings. they were firing at us. bombs were blowing up everywhere. [gunshots] and a mortar came in, and it blew up the same side of the door that i was on, and i was injured. from that i took shrapnel to my head and to my legs. i was scared like anybody would be. you know, i didn't want to die there. i hadn't seen my family for 15, 16 months. and i looked up and i started praying. i said, lord, if you get me home to see my family at least just one more time, i told him, i promise i will make my life worth saving. i'll back and i'll create something so great that helps so many other people, and to give back to other people. >> so many people get disgusted with this system and say the heck with it. i can get any help from the v.a. and that's how

she said her son is suffers from ptsd.eople of that moment about what sarah palin said track was going through a year ago. >> our wounded warriors sometimes in body and in mind coming back different than when they left for the war zone. i can talk personally about this. i guess it is kind of the elephant in the room because my own family going through what we're going through today with my son, a combat vet, having served in the stryker brigade, fighting for all, mesh, in the war zone. >> that is sad. it is sad. when you were covering her, track was in iraq. >> during most of that campaign he was in iraq. >> listen, when i read the details of this police report that i combed through, let me just tell everybody about it. there was a threatening phone call that came from track into the family, to sarah and todd. he wanted to borrow a truck. todd was so worried after this phone call that track was coming over, he grabbed a gun. he had a gun in his house to protect himself against his son. track did show up. he was pounding on

it found that of those who live in low income areas of the city, 46% suffered from ptsd.w focusing on how the brains of children in a violent neighbourhood are affected by the trauma. unlike soldiers who come home from war, and now they are no longer in that dangerous environment, lots of the children in this study are still living in that dangerous environment. gunshots, violence in the streets, and that is something they adapt into. and their brains are about into it as well. we can see that on the imaging. in fa ct, can see that on the imaging. in fact, in these neighbourhoods, children's brains are measurably going up faster because of what they are exposed to. that affects their ability to learn and makes it difficult for them to build relationships. it makes them more susceptible to depression and drug use. susceptible to depression and drug use. 12—year—old angel, chosen at random to be part of the study, is typical in her experience. she has seen fights and told us of a shootout right beside our home. we we re shootout right beside our home. we were in better and

as a matter of fact in college, i did a lot of my research on ptsd. my brother was at ground zero on 9/11, so that affected me personally. not only was it my brother, but it was my home. i'm originally from new york city, and they used one of my airplanes when i was working for united, so i have some background in that. so i have a broad bouackgroundn a lot of phases of environmental health and safety. >> okay. thank you for that comprehensive outlook in your background. my two felly commissioners before me covered a lot of territory. i had questions related to that, and i appreciate your responses to their questions. what is the biggest challenge that you have found so far? >> that's a good question. i think the biggest challenge for me is -- is understanding the culture of -- of the department. i'm not a firefighter, so i don't live in a house 24/7, so trying to understand what -- assess what that culture is surrounding safety, and how do we make it more robust, and that's probably going -- going to involve a lot more talking to other stations. so i

. >> ptsd. >> the american people do not like this bill because of the bad bill.led with errors and it creates tons of loopholes and we are going to find this out. >> no, it doesn't. it doesn't eliminate nearly as much as i want -- >> it creates a 20% pass-through rate for a very rich people who can convert their income into business form. that is going to be an unbelievable loophole, the grandmother of our loopholes, and we are going to see this play out over the next two years, just like they did in kansas, where they did something very similar. >> kimberly: charles, where do you think the president can go with this in terms of the messaging? everybody is talking about midterm elections already in 2018 and trying to use this as momentum to be able to retain the seats. >> obviously it is a tremendous victory for him, being able to work with congress and get something through, that is a tremendous victory. but i do think that what matters is, does he continue to do what he's been doing all along, which is to use administrative means to continue to cut red tape and

when did you realize that you had ptsd. and how do that when did i know i had ptsd. when i deployed i was almost there a year. we did not do a lot of testing in the military at that time. we did it quite a number of soldiers who have some civil incidents. by the second tour we screened everybody. it was at that time that i said yes you test positive for it. any but it goes to war and spends any amount of time there is can be positive. when i started my stroke therapy and then i went to st. luke's. and that va took it over.ed there was a neuropsychologist there who said it we understand your screen drug i revolted against that diagnosis. i did not understand it as a physician. i will give you the military paradigm. that's what soldiers think. they don't want to be branded. you say that to a soldier that has a connotation to it. is not true of course. but it still has a connotation. and believe it or not there are careers that are ended over that diagnosis. into their credit at the va they work with me and said okay. but let's just go to some therapy sessions which we

then we work with military veterans all over and antonio, texas that deal with issues of ptsd.: i imagine some people are just upset with president trump because he rattled their cage somehow, and they are looking for someone to cuddle them and make them feel better. >> we don't screen based on political affiliation. in red states, purple states and blue states, the average age of our client is in their 50s. it could be the kid seeing their family for the first time, or it could be the water nervous to meet their father because they support bernie sanders. jesse: how would the touch appear? >> before every session something happens. so i'll play the client and you play the cuddler. >> adam, i promise that if at any moment i feel uncomfortable physically or emotionally i promise i will spank. will you promise to do the same? >> i do. jesse: would you guys like to touch each other. >> are you a question if i put my arm around you? >> yes. >> this is about consent and boundaries and owning what you want. a lot of times when a special starts the cuddlist will say how do you want to

he is an authority on ptsd and the memorial project float from academic-- flow from work he did while he was at american university. the format will be that jan and jim will have a conversation for 20, 25 minutes to discuss the main themes of the book, then over to you all for any comments or questions, and then the author will sign copies of the book, which are available just outside the door in the foyer. let me turn the floor over to jan. james: i had intended to speak for about 40 minutes, so i will see if i can compress what i had in mind to about four. i am arguing that there are two vietnam wars, there is the one fought between 1959 in 1975, and the second war began in 1979 and is still going on. that is on the question of how this war, the first lost war in american national history and very divisive, how that is to be remembered and how it is to be memorialized. i have been preoccupied in my entire literary life with the lot of my own generation, and the moral dilemma that it faced during the vietnam period, the decision as to whether to serve in the military or not, to avoid

facebook, heon wrote, ptsd is a sickness that will "take my life." today marks five years since 26 people were killed in the massacre at sandy hook elementary school. facebook, he wrote, ptsd is a20-year-old adad fire, killing 20 children and six educators. just after the shooting, president barack obama called for me legislation failed. gun violence advocates held a vigil outside the nra headquarters in fairfax. these parents believe their son max was forced to drink large amounts of alcohol during a hazing ritual. an autopsy revealed he had a highly elevated blood alcohol level and thc in his system when he died in september. >> six times the legal limit. night, i'm sure it was enough to kill him. tohow is making your brother all of these things and humiliating somebody a brotherhood? adrianna: current and former members of the fraternity face charges. lsufraternity closed of the chapter and has revoked its charter. now to a warning for holiday shoppers. one and 2 billion packages are expected to be delivered this season, which means there are lots

to focus on ptsd. we didn't even define ptsd coming out of the war. i got discharged on the last day of 1969. i had my first session of ptsd counseling in 1982 when my marriage was falling apart. now,is different because we try to encourage the warriors to get in and see some help. the matter what happens, you do have some post-traumatic stress. we don't want to become -- want it to become post-traumatic stress disorder. those are some of the positive changes we're seeing compared to vietnam. leonard: do you think vietnam veterans -- the narrative early on was very divided. there were lots of issues related to vietnam veterans. do you think our country has welcomed vietnam veterans more? kirk: yes. >> it was really sad to see people coming back from vietnam or military service and being ashamed of their service because the communities where shaming them basically. i think that's one of the good things that has happened in the past couple of years, that the human beings who fought this war are being recognized for the patriotism that they exhibited. i

eric: a non-profit group is taking veterans off dryland to open sea to help them cope with ptsd and thehallenges they sometimes face in transitioning back into civilian life. phil keating has more off the coast of florida. reporter: for these combat veterans, this sound sure beats the sound of bullets. >> this is good therapy for any combat veteran suffering from ptsd. just being with people who have been through what you have been through. and you can talk about it. giving fellow combat vets who have seen and heard the worst of war and still dale with its impact out on the high seas to focus on fishing and camaraderie. >> i was separated from my wife. i just had a 6-month-old son born at the time. i hit rock bottom. starting this, i have a purpose in life. i'm surrounding myself with like-minded individuals, combat veterans who understand me. it has become almost a form of therapy. reporter: martinez says his day of deep sea fishing is surging in popularity and demand. as more combat vets hear about it and more patriotic owners donate their vessels. they want people to know ptsd isn't

i know you said you suffered from ptsd for a number of years.might you give to somebody listening to this that might be in need of help. >> i was told that i had battle fatigue. the war was over, and you can't forget about it. and the veterans today, 20, 22 commit suicide over d-- every day, those who serve. they need something for themselves. we spend a lot of anti-depressive and anti-psychotic drugs which are sometimes addictive. and we can teach to a veteran, one time fee, t mchm.org is a website they can find out about it. i still meditate 20 minutes a day, i think it kept me alive and it's keeping me alive. i'm an advocate of that. you can't force is on somebody, but something that's called remove the stress of combat. it did it for me and it can do it for others. >> center section, sir. >> hello, yes, my father-in-law, 94, world war ii flu c-47, through the hump, over the himalayas from india, to india. he's alive today and he does walk with a walker and today, i sat with a very good friend of mine at a breakfast who is 95 years old and fl

veterans in other populations with ptsd are often prescribed higher doses of opioid putting them at a greater risk for accidental overdose at best are treating one disorder does not address symptoms of the other. is imperative we work to ensure patients have access to comprehensive treatment to address both substance abuse disorder and mental health needs has it helped sam thought enhance availability from dual diagnosis to mental health disorder? >> i believe they have and specifically i can speak-- speak to the issue around department of defense and veterans affairs, which has developed into a very strong relationship where samsara works collaboratively in an ongoing way and we specifically address the issues of mental disorders and opioid epidemic as well as suicide. those are the big issues we are working on right now and we also can use the information that we learn from the va which actually does a lot of research of its own and we share this and we promulgated to communities. >> i thank you for that in the vision of the integrated healthcare in this area. i'm most concerned we