because once napoleon's forces break apart, many of these get hired by indigenous kingdoms in the punjab. and the east india company was fearful of singh's power. after all, he had a european-trained army of over 80,000 troops directly abutting the east india company's territories. so in part their interest in afghanistan was driven by a strategy to encircle singh and cut him off by making, yes, a buffer state between an expanding russian empire and english empire. but also an encircling state which would cut off the potential for singh to flex his muscle. >> so, professor hopkins, how much responsibility does british involvement that you're discussing have in making what is today afghanistan? is. >> it would be correct to say afghanistan is a colonial creation. one of my colleagues has referred to it as a fiscal colony of british india. i think t important to note that simply saying it's a colonial creation doesn't mean it's in some way not real. after all, the united states of america was a colonial creation. we were 13 colonies that broke away from the british crown in the 18th centur

for example, in the punjab which is where modern-day pakistan in india split, there was an extraordinarily strong indigenous kingdom, that seek kingdom. he was a main competitive to the east india company in 1820s and 1830s. he had a european trained army. officer by ex-napoleonic officers. many of whom fled connection with officers in the czarist army because once napoleon's forces break apart many of these officers are known as global mercenary so they get hired by indigenous kingdom's. and the east india company was fearful of his power. after all, he had a standing professional european trained army of over 80,000 troops directly a bunning east india company's territories. so in part their interest in afghanistan was driven by a strategy to encircle rajiv and cut them off by making a buffer state between and expanding russian empire and english empire. but also and i'm circling state which would cut off the potential for them to flex his muscle. >> so professor hopkins, how much responsibility does the british and violent that you're discussing have in making what is today afghanistan?

residents in the province of sindh are living without power, while close to 15- hundred people in the punjab area are suffering from dengue fever. at least 29 people were killed and 56 are missing after typhoon talas ravaged western japan on sunday before making its way to the east sea. local authorities fear there could be more victims, especially on the kii peninsula, as damaged roads and mudslides have hampered relief work by police and firefighters. hundreds of thousands were evacuated from flood-hit areas nationwide. the japan meteorological agency warns... that there could be more mudslides in the western region where a huge amount of rainfall has been recorded since last tuesday night. taking a look at monday's stock market action,.. the benchmark kospi ended below the 18- hundred mark,... mainly on news that there was no job growth last month in the united states. the kospi finished four-point-four percent lower... at 17- 85. all of the top 20 companies by market cap fell... except for sk telecom, which gained more than two percent... and nhn, up one percent. the tech-heavy kosdaq, m

. -- the president's punjab proposal. and now, the c-span series "the contenders." >> this is a portrait of kentucky's henry clay, known to us from our history books as the great compromiser. during his 49-year political career, he served as secretary of state, speaker of the house, and as a u.s. senator. he was a contender, making five presidential bids, including 1832 against andrew jackson and 1844, when he ran against james k. polk. tonight we are on location in ashland, henry clay's home in lexington, ky. for the next nine minutes, we'll explore the life and legacy of this man, unsuccessful in his long quest for the white house, yet having an outside influence on american history. we are in henry clay's parlor right now. let me introduce you to jim carter, state historian. why henry clay -- why is he relevant to americans living in our time? >> first of all, his famous caveat, i would rather be right than be president, still speaks to us across whatever we are doing, whether we in politics or something else. he also

buddhist for example, didn't believe in abolishing interest but instead they intended the punjab. that was supposed the way of saving people. the first major pawn shops in china. now, what did we do this time around? we are only 40 years and was probably going to be a 500 year cycle, if history runs tuesday can't necessarily expect we are really going to understand what's going on. >> president michele bachmann will bring back the gold standard. >> she will try. [laughter] that, what then happens is you protect some sort of institution to protect debtors. they did exactly the opposite. they said that these gigantic first global administrative system because you have the imf, the trade bureaucracies, the e.u. and nafta. various financial institutions. what do these guys do? instead of being there to protect debtors they are there protect creditors and make sure nobody ever defaults which economically is insane. >> the burden of adjustment should be the creditors, not the debtors. >> exactly. and, of course, teens had it right. he was following, teen sexy study mesopotamian economic

beautifully, i dream of the day when retaining our respective identities, one can have rec list in the punjab bunch in lahore and dinner in kabul. that is how my forefathers lived and that is how i want our grandchildren to live. i think you could also think more broadly that you can perhaps have a greater degree of communication and transportation between hamburg and hans joe although it may take a little longer, but thinking in terms of an even broader and more extensive vision over the course of many years is another way of looking at the broader term in connecting western europe with east asia. to get to the point that we are trying to get to in terms of this greater connectivity, the afghani stem cells must knowledge that they have a lot of work to do in clarifying their own future. some progress has been made in implementing the afghan national development strategy, but progress has been slowed by policy, regulatory and legal difficulties. and the private sector has not been sufficiently engaged in the process. indeed, in all of our focus on the security transition, it is important to r

beautifully, i dream of the day when retaining our respective identities, one can have rec list in the punjabbunch in lahore and dinner in kabul. that is how my forefathers lived and that is how i want our grandchildren to live. i think you could also think more broadly that you can perhaps have a greater degree of communication and transportation between hamburg and hans joe although it may take a little longer, but thinking in terms of an even broader and more extensive vision over the course of many years is another way of looking at the broader term in connecting western europe with east asia. to get to the point that we are trying to get to in terms of this greater connectivity, the afghani stem cells must knowledge that they have a lot of work to do in clarifying their own future. some progress has been made in implementing the afghan national development strategy, but progress has been slowed by policy, regulatory and legal difficulties. and the private sector has not been sufficiently engaged in the process. indeed, in all of our focus on the security transition, it is important to re

also been several assassinations of those who called for reform of the blasphemy laws including the punjab governor and the minister for minorities who secretary clinton and i met in february before he was killed. the government of pakistan has taken steps to address these rising concerns. for example, in march badi's brother paul was appointed a special advisor on religious mine knots to the prime minister. in july the government also created a ministry of national harmony which will have oversight for protection, protecting religious minorities at a national level. and in august president zardari celebrated national minorities day and committed his government to support protection of minority religious rights. we will continue to engage with the government of pakistan to address these issues, to promote tolerance and to improve religious freedom. in iraq religious minorities and shia pilgrims have been the targets of devastating attacks since 2003. last october, more than 50 worshippers were killed in an attack on our lady of salvation catholic church in natsag bagabandi dad. we welcome