putin. he became his prime minister first. and then was his anointed president. at the time, 1998, by the way, there was another heir apparent. he was a charismatic leader, former governor. first deputy prime minister. had been elected many times before. yeltsin made clear he wanted him to be the next president of russia. that financial collapse meant that that government had to resign. that's when putin came into the void. that's how he became president. >> i just want to ask you -- again, it's really important to try to figure out where this all went wrong. we all remember that in -- after 9/11, putin stood firm with the rest, stood firm with the united states, allowed the united states, president bush to use former soviet territories to stage military into afghanistan. something then went wrong. is it accurate to say he felt betrayed by president bush when he went to war in iraq and further betrayed by president obama when he went to action in libya and in putin's view took it way too far

or we begin the day with putin four point zero today vladimir putin was sworn in as russian president for the fourth time now barring any changes to the constitution this will be putin's final six years in power when he leaves the kremlin in twenty twenty four he will have been in effect the so ruler of russia in the twenty first century or his insurance and his staying power are analogous to that of china's she's in pain both of these leaders represent wising tides of authoritarian powers buoyed some say by an american enigma known as donald trump or tonight we'll look at how these leaders and what they represent threaten to erode the order that has stabilized much of the world for seventy years our first report tonight gives us a glimpse of a grand and reviewed russia the one that lattimer putin today pledged his everything to protect. the start of mr putin's day was carefully stage managed. russian state t.v. broadcast his long walk through the corridors of his office on his way to the ceremony. eventually he arrived at the car waiting to take him on a short trip to the kremlin hol

news coming to you live from russia's vladimir putin makes history as he was sworn in for his fourth term as president of the k.g.b. officer turned world leader holds total authority in russia we're looking at live pictures of thirteen here rather for his for his inauguration ceremony in moscow. also thrust the kremlin into a new rivalry with the west will be going live to moscow for the inauguration to take them to take a look at what the world can expect from putin's next six years also coming up. hello i'm terry martin good to have you with we begin in moscow where events are underway for the swearing in ceremony of a russian president president vladimir putin going to go live now ceremony there we see president putin arriving for his ceremony as inauguration ceremony being greeted by their guests. will begin a historic fourth term after securing an expected landslide victory in presidential elections held in march his staff is reportedly planning a fairly low key inauguration this time and effort to avoid any bad publicity we are indeed looking at president putin arriving to the

the start of mr putin's day with carefully stage managed. russian state t.v. broadcast his long walk through the corridors of his office on his way to the ceremony. eventually he right at the car waiting to take him on a short trip to the kremlin hold. then the grand entrance. and the war continued. all choreographed to maintain the suspense as some five thousand invited guests waited for putin to be sworn in but he asked if just leaving a ball on what you guys he's going to get us putin promise for tech the country and serve the russian people. like you he praised russia's return to the world stage is what he calls a strong and influential voice when he talks about the importance of making economic and technological progress which benefits all russians like. a new quality of life the wellbeing of security and health of a person of the most important what sort of these are the issues of the center of all policy focus is russia for the people as a country of opportunities for self-realization of everyone. but for all the build up in bombast if you believe mr pu

putin is a realist. putin understands there are certain things he must do to try to get russia back on track for his domestic, economic reasons, for his own political position in terms of the relations he has with colleagues who have benefited from this cronyism system he's put into place. and this school argues that on the economic side, putin understands there has to be some interaction with the west both politically and economically. if he's ever going to get russia on a different track that takes him off the mono economy curse, if you will. if you can't do that, they'll always be susceptible to the oil market. the sign that those people say is critical, is where is mr. kudrin? if he's elevated to be mr. for the economics or finances or prime minister, that would be the biggest signal of all that putin has decided, we must be engaged. i have the right guy that'll do this. he was not among the last meeting together. not a big, powerful position. but nonetheless for those who believe this track. he's so

-- anti-putin russian." that is a staunch putin's opponent. --ther quote all me a blind man would not see that russia's diplomats are fixated not on reserving dictatorship but on preserving principles. it is aware a regime cane could precipitate chaos. change could precipitate chaos. " that is eight supporter. putin supporter. last quote. " what the hype is doing is elevating the position of the kremlin. i am an agnostic as to whether a strategy aimed at undermining democracy exist but everything i know about how the government works make me doubt it. " that is another russian journalists, liberal and a skeptic of president putin's. you can see there is a contrast between what the russians say what they are at saying about our intentions and what they are seeing. why does this matter? it matters because it affects russian behaviors. the presidential election held in russia in march, one of the noteworthy results about this, constituencies that have not , peopleat fans of putin living in wealthy urban areas,

like, who else but putin? the biggest country on earth -- there is no one more effective manager of government. government is just a management job. and in this sense, this propaganda does a lot. does a lot and makes people believe that all this wealth did not come from oil, higher oil prices and the corruption that followed it, but came through putin. that is why they demonize the government, they demonize the administration, but they lost that love -- they love putin. also independently, he went away from the united russia, but to make all of this really -- to distinguish he is great and what is really wrong with russia is actually two things. corrupt people of those who make us suffer. and in this sense, sanctions with the oil, if you ask a russian what is happening with the european union, unfortunately, it helps him to sell his propaganda. as if it's all not the fault of the economy. not the fault of bad management. not the fault of corruption. but the fault of external reasons like the u.s. or europe or

russia's first time voters don't remember a time when flying near putin wasn't president d.w. moscow correspondent emily sure one has been talking with young russians from both sides of the political fence. meet twenty year old daniel at least nick of a nineteen year old son. for as long as they can remember bloody mir putin has been russia's leader but their views on him placed these two members of the so-called putin generation in different worlds sophia is a member of seats a pro kremlin youth group that acts as a hub for young artists designers and journalists as long as they support putin. lumia middle of the road to be sure of me vladimir putin embodies the entire government in russia but he but then after you know for my whole life he has been in charge and his actions are usually very wise. in the couple. want. disagrees the economic student complains about stagnation and is concerned about restrictions on democratic freedoms in russia since he was sixteen he's been campaigning for the opposition and encouraging his friends to protest he was just two years old when put

putin is out for putin. he's not out for america's national interest, and remember, you know, i just wish we could do some basic things and agree that we should have better cyber security, more resilience, and that americans should choose our presidents would this foreign interference. now to the second point. do the russians have a vested interest in stopping fracking? the caller is right. and they are paying individuals and ngos and running a public relations effort around the world. it's not just in america or the uk. to propagate and promote the idea, i should use that word instead, that fracking is dangerous. the reason is very simple -- because of fracking, the price of energy in the world has gone down, and that hurts the russian economy. and so they have been running these kinds of operations for years now. so the caller is right about that. >> to your first point, a reminder to viewers and something we might be hearing more about after the meeting, c-span's craig kaplan noting the house is holding a

that vladimir putin is a realist. he understands there's certain things he must do to get russia back on track for his own political position. poon understands there has to be interaction from the west politically and economically if he's ever going to get them on a fully different track. always susceptible and vulnerable to the ebbs and flows of the oil market. if he gets elevated at some point to become minister for the economics or finance or better yet prime minister, that would be the biggest signal of all that he has decided we must really reengage and i have the right guy who can do this. now, in this recent announcement of the new cabinet positions he was not among them, he was given the position as head of the audit chamber and the federation council, in the federal assembly, not exactly a big powerful position, buter nonetheless, for those who believeos this track he is in a holding pattern but he's still there. his name is still out there. maybe he will see where things go and get rid of him and elevate vla

i was here asks the crowd is this the city that belongs to putin i know they respond. only had just begun his speech when he was grabbed by waiting police arrested for disobedience and organizing and unsanctioned rally. novelli was only one of many people arrested by police in a weekend of unrest that mars the start of putin's fourth term in office. let's bring indeed obvious emily sure what has been at one of the protests in russia's capital moscow and really good to see you let's go back to say what was the the atmosphere there at the protests today. well the atmosphere i would say was was tense from the beginning even as the demonstrators assembled on pushkin square in the center of moscow there were actually putin supporters waiting for them who basically started a shouting match with them they were shouting for putin and the demonstrators assembling there were shouting for russia without putin and were shouting against putin and soon after that the arrests started there were groups of riot police out in force basically grabbing people out of the crowd and putting

around the country the rallies come two days before putin is due to be sworn in for another term we'll go live to moscow. also on the program it's a blast off for a new mission to mars not silencers an unmanned spacecraft to peer under the red planet's crust and look at mar how mars was formed. and hannah corruptions put hawaii on high alert hundreds evacuate as the killer whale ok a volcano spews lava and a powerful earthquake shakes hawaii's big island. waiter thanks for joining us monitors report that over one thousand anti putin demonstrators have been arrested at a series of rallies across russia opposition leader alexina vonnie was among them police seized him in moscow after he called the protests ahead of president vladimir putin's inauguration for a fourth term as president the only is known as one of putin's fiercest critics and was barred from challenging him in the march presidential vote authorities declared many of the rallies being held on saturday equal. emily sure when i asked one of the protests in russia's capital moscow emily let's bring you in now you were at the p

a lot of putin bashing demonization of putin going on in the united states what concerns me is that the united states and russia have two parallel narratives about what's happening in the world and we'll see if we do this in parallel universes or not but some might question the it's not perfectly parallel when trump came to office and since he's been in office he's talked about he's talked about dealing with syria he's talked about dealing with north korea russia iran china i mean making a list of. i don't use to some sort of aggressive foreign policy you simply don't see the russian federation making the list of so-called enemies around the world in adjusting foreign policy to implement some sort of act of aggression as the united states is coming out of the one nine hundred ninety one period when we were the the cold war ended soviet union collapsed and the american neo conservatives were talking about unipolarity that was a term that you so one. polo world now this is your world as well that's right this is the world's head to man and united states can do anything it wants anywhe

putin.e's not a liberal. he is a nationalist and patriot. he talks about the system's weaknesses including corruption. i am for, he says, crimea and i am against the caucuses. but i'm for a great russia. brent: what about the great russia post putin? grew him. >> the regime decided in about five to five and a half years that putin will stay. he has to protect the system, the people around him, his own security. brent: i read that he may never want to leave power because if he does, no one will protect him. >> that is possible. another official really guaranteed his security and that of his family. that is importance to mr. putin. brent: the german foreign minister has called on putin to play a constructive role in the world stage. >> we are interested in dialogue with russia. we also have expectations regarding their behavior. we know that with the issues being discussed today, russia has to be part of the solution. with syria, but also ukraine. that is why we are seeking dialogue but also l

about putin and his view of history.and the russians in general, and how they actually know their history. and what they think about it, so for us americans, now that i'm coming from texas, shirley it is true. most americans learn history from a football coach. but what i would do is to walk you through a little bit of the operation history at the end of the soviet union from my perspective. first is deputy chief, and the soviet division there, and the afghan adventure that was had. and then sitting in the chief's job as a soviet -- as the soviet union disappeared. 1985, when i was deputy chief was the year of the spy. we were wrapped up with a realization that cia could be penetrated in just about -- and just about every other agency in washington could be penetrated. we saw evidence of this as we watch one after another of our assets in moscow being taken down into the basement. and shot in the back of the head. when edward lee howard, who we had dismissed for -- because of suitability issues, as we said, turned out de

what is done in 2017 was an anti-putin campaign. it was dangerous to putin. it faced enormous opposition and oppression. the campaign staffers spent altogether over 4000 days in jail and were subject to over 6 million rubles in fines for their legitimate political duty while the so-called -- campaign which was completely take show has anticipated -- which is bit of encouragement from the government. it has been from the very beginning participated,. [inaudible] by putin because after navalny campaign has proven there should be an independent candidate in the election but they decided to dangerous to allow the handling did they decide to create a fake independent candidate for this election. my campaign staffers working, well, artist made in this at least in this respect, well, my chief of staff who was arrested -- [inaudible] because when they compare them we kind of try to say, well, this is wrong campaign, more radical, more moderate, which is best. there was an anti-putin campaign, a campaign to get real elections in the country and there was a campaign to

putin's regime. we say this over and over again, we have so many brave russian leaders who have had a chance to meet with us over the years who tski statutemitni was the most pro-russian bill ever passed by congress. the sanctions are imposed and not only keep us safe but bring about a change in russia for the russian people so that their human rights are respected. i hope that the lesson we have learned over the last four years is that inconsistent messages to mr. putin undermined the clear message we are trying to send. the sanctions have not brought about a change that we want to see, it's not because they are ineffective but because they are not effective enough and we need to do more. that's what i hope you will see come out of the work i am doing in congress with my colleagues in a bipartisan way, the sanction bill passed nearly unanimous, 99% of the members of the house and senate approved those sanctions and we are prepared to do more, recognizing that russia is not only a threat to its own p

putin people who hate anyone who does not admire putin. oris the same in moscow smolensk or ekaterinburg, there is no more difference tween large, more citizens. 30% of people who realize that , the stateis wrong is broken. needs a reinvention of the state, rebuilding of all institutions from scratch. is 60% who have learned this the main success of the resultnda and the main of the last 20 years have learned to be disengaged. thanks politics is a dirty thing, it has to be done by specially trained people, you do not have to participate. and there is not dignity in any political engagement. campaign was -- only turnout in the [indiscernible] the 60%earned out and of people who do not participate in any election and [indiscernible] were a target of an unprecedented turnout, not for prudent -- putin. you are going to turn out and as the people are disengaged they see [indiscernible] that is how it was designed. it was a technological success for president putin. this proves nothing. this does not prove that he is a national leader uniting ev

we're turning to our top story now those anti putin demonstrations in moscow. really sure one is one of the protests in the russian capital. emily thanks for joining us can you tell us what the atmosphere there is like how many people have gathered there behind you for the protests. but i'm here at pushkin square which is one of the main squares in the center of moscow and i'd say there's certainly a few hundred protesters here out in the center and initially they gathered here and there were also members a few members of the so-called national liberation movement that's a a patriotic a pro putin movement and they were kind of shouting against each other the protesters here shouting against putin and those few demonstrators shouting for him and it seems that that was maybe an attempt to provoke a fight shortly after that the arrests here started there's a huge amount of riot police there were columns of them sort of behind me standing along the street and they were arresting people in the crowd and the opposition leader now behind me. was also just arrested her

has putin promise for tech the country and serve the russian people. he praised russia's return to the world stage is what he calls a strong and influential voice when he talks about the importance of making economic and technological progress which would benefit all russians like. a new quality of life a wellbeing security and health of a person are the most important words of these are the issues of the center of all policy focus is russia for the people as a country of opportunities for self-realization of everyone. but for all the build up in bombast if you believe mr putin's next term in office will bring much change he's already said that he wants incumbent prime minister dmitri medvedev to stay in his post putin himself has been in power as either president or prime minister for almost twenty years. most young people have no no other leader and there's no sign of a successor. or a short while ago i asked a w's emily show went in moscow how russians feel about the president's decisive election result. well i think the election results to show tha

do that only putin could do and do by himself not with partnership with the west is. russia is proud she'd been in twentieth century was the fight against fascism the defeat of fascism one of things that bothers me about russia today is when i see russia reaching out toward right wing neo fascist governments whether it's in the hungry or forces in germany or forces in france i think that that peace virtue is the reputation and she admits of russia and i want to see russia play a more positive role not cater to people who represent that kind of ethnic hatred a kind of racism so as some might say the same about washington how i see it all in iraq and the neo fascists in ukraine it is about owning and i know that it was not all but even from the reaching out to those same elements inside the united states . but what i really want to see but more putin do is become a leader these leader on the global stage and sense and say well i understand russia's interest but right now we need somebody who speaks for the interests of all humanity and i think putin has got that underst

this is deja vu news live from berlin russia's vladimir putin is sworn in for his fourth term as president the k.g.b. officer turned a world leader holds total authority in russia he's also thrust the kremlin into a new rivalry with the west to move a look a little brighter to make special next sixty years also coming up hezbollah looks poised to make major gains in lebanon's election unofficial results show the militant group and its allies winning more than half of the seats it is being seen as a victory for hezbollah as backer iran. i'm sorry kelly welcome to the program. russia's vladimir putin has tapped a close ally dmitri medvedev for the first for the post of prime minister it is putin's first act after being sworn in for a historic term as president some five thousand guests attended the inauguration ceremony at the kremlin which was billed as a low key affair. putin won a decisive victory in march with more than seventy five percent of the vote but critics have accused him of corruption and silencing dissident voices the ceremony follows a weekend of anti putin protests in severa

translation: the president of the russian federation, vladimir putin.nslation: citizens of russia, ladies and gentlemen, dear friends. i greet all the citizens of our great motherland and compatriots abroad. everyone who is watching or listening to the broadcast of this solemn listening to the broadcast of this solemn ceremony. listening to the broadcast of this solemn ceremony. everyone who is present here in the historic halls of the kremlin. these minutes, being swoi’i'i of the kremlin. these minutes, being sworn into the presidency of russia, i most acutely aware of my huge responsibility before each of you, before our entire multiethnic people. responsibility before russia, the country of great achievements. their courage, their labour, they're invincible integrity and impunity, their relation to the sacred motherland is an example. i consider it my duty and sense of my life to do everything for russia, for its present and the future. to prosper, for preserving the continuation of our great people for prosperity in each family. let me assure you th

russia's vladimir putin has tapped close ally dmitri medvedev for the post of prime minister it's putin's first act after being sworn in for a historic fourth term as president some five thousand guests attended the inauguration ceremony at the kremlin which was billed as a low key affair apparently. putin won a decisive victory in march with more than seventy five percent of the vote but critics they have accused him of corruption and silencing dissident voices the ceremony follows a weekend of anti putin protests in several russian cities with police arresting more than fifteen hundred demonstrators yet in the schools and for more let's bring in correspondent emily short one who is standing by with the latest from moscow so emily this ceremony as we've heard it was relatively subdued compared to putin's third inauguration six years ago why was that. well sarah in two thousand and twelve at his last inauguration there were these images that were very much criticized of putin kind of riding through an empty moscow in a motorcade and that was happening in the background of widespread prote

if it's true that putin got an invitation i don't know yet but that gives us the chance to lean back to see what is our what are our interests and to find a solution i think it's better than we think the funny thing in between is us journalists by the way the russian ones and the german ones there was an interesting in research being done just recently that as far as foreign policy is concerned all the journalists are trying to stick to their governments and increase the trama so to speak on the other side it's not so much to in the as far as interior parting says concerned but obviously in foreign policy you have. traumatization by the journalist on both sides as well so in your movie putting was described as a man whose mind is not easy to change and who doesn't forget insults or double crossings do you think this personal trait of he swelled the way to political consideration while he forget the confrontation with the west if i chanced is offer to end this conflict confrontation. you know you don't have to forget it but you have and i don't think the evil forget it but he is a rat

but president putin 4.0 faces some tough challenges.gent attack in salisbury that britain blames on the russian state, m oscow fa ces international isolation. the war in syria is another potential flash point in relations between russia and the west, which are at their lowest level since the cold war. meanwhile, western sanctions against russia are beginning to bite. to boost the economy here, will president putin mend bridges with the west? and how will he deal with opponents at home? this is how an anti—putin protest ended in moscow on saturday. the kremlin has been cracking down hard on public displays of dissent. that is unlikely to change. steve rosenberg, bbc news, moscow. let's cross live to moscow and our correspondent there sarah rainsford. sarah, reports of arrests and brutality, what has been said? we understand 600 people were detained in the protests which took place right across russia. some of them we re right across russia. some of them were released right away but some of them will face charges and short spells in polic

two days before putin is to be sworn in for another term also on the program. its blastoff for a new mission to mars nassau launches an unmanned spacecraft to appear on the planet's cross and look at how mars was formed. and it should have been their wedding day but instead of holding a concert in memory of a slain journalist and his fiance john was murdered in february while reporting on alleged connections between politicians in the country and the mafia. and welcome to the program russian opposition leader alexina vali has been detained along with more than a thousand other anti kremlin demonstrators according to monitors police seized him in moscow after he called for protests across the country ahead of president vladimir putin's gratian for another term as president. the the the down with the czar the rallying cry that brought together thousands of russians opposed to president vladimir putin they gathered in city squares across the country voicing their dissent and holding signs denouncing corruption. because they at my think that every responsible citiz

police broke up this anti—putin protest in moscow at the weekend. and the war in syria. meanwhile, western sanctions against russia are biting. russia feels it is being squeezed by the west, and at this moscow arm—wrestling club, they tell me only putin has the political muscle to protect them. we don't have somebody to substitute him. there is no rival, opponent of him. even in a country of 146 million people, there is no substitute for putin? uh...yes. it sounds not very good, but it's true. that is precisely how vladimir putin wants to be seen by his people — as the only choice for russia. steve rosenberg, bbc news, moscow. in lebanon, early reports suggest the militant group hezbollah and its allies have won just over half the seats in the country's parliamentary elections. the organisation, which is backed by iran, inflicted heavy losses on the party of lebanon's prime minister. the leader of hezbollah described the gains it has made as a moral and political victory. tourism accounts for around 8% of the world's carbon emissions. that is the co

putin once again nominated dmitry medvedev as prime minister. moscow correspondent steve rosenberg reports. ldsteve: he probably cave walked this with his eyes for the fourth time in his hereer, vladimir putin climbed the staircase ofrand kremlin palace to take the oath of office. on the stroke of midday, he entered the hall where russian emperors were crowned. the symbolisand the message couldn't be clearer -- putin the modern czar, loved bhis people. he swore on the constituti serve his citizens, protect his country, and made this pledge. president putin: our main goal is a new quality of life,ty secuand health. our reference point is russia for the people, a country where everybody has the possibility for self-fulfillment. steve: vladimir putin is arguably the most powerful russian leader since joseph stalin. but in this power lies a potential problem fo president and for his country. hemas built a political sys in which all other institutions from parliament to the court system are weak, and all key decisions e taken by him, putin. that is n

international the presidential inauguration of vladimir putin. and when he does when he isn't all great it's a day that shows he will have been in power now for eight years of course that includes his time when he was the prime minister as well now this whole ceremony itself is set to be a bit more low key than mr putin's last in a twenty twelve for example but there were certainly some demonstrations outside the kremlin ensuring that. as we continue to watch you these live pictures here we are certainly waiting for that important to come in take the podium the ceremony where he will come in and places hand on the book where he will say thirty three words we then expect him to make a small speech to those in attendance of course our correspondents are also in attendance that this inauguration of the russian president vladimir putin as he kicks off a new term at the helm for the russian federation. i . need to show you live pictures here on r.t. international there is the russian president vladimir putin he's making his way to the official hole he

this is g w news live from bergland russia's vladimir putin is sworn in for his fourth term as president the k.g.b. officer turned a world leader holds a total authority in russia he's also thrust the kremlin into a new rivalry with the quest he will look at what the world can expect from the next six year also coming up is saving migrants from the sea for roic or a crime the trial gets underway in greece of a man who says that he has rescued thousands of stricken syrians prosecutors though say that his actions amount to people smuggling. kelly welcome to the program. in moscow vladimir putin has been sworn in for a historic fourth term as president some five thousand guests attended the inauguration ceremony at the kremlin which was billed as a low key affair. a decisive victory in march with more than seventy five percent of the vote but critics have accused him of corruption and silencing dissident voices the ceremony follows a weekend of anti putin protests in several russian cities with police arresting more than fifteen hundred demonstrators. and from our moscow correspondent emily

the rallies around the country come two days before putin is to be some mornings. also on the program. it's a blast off for a new mission to mars nasa launches an unmanned spacecraft to appear under the red planet's prospects and look at how mars was formed. and volcanic eruptions put hawaii on high alert hundreds of back to it as. spews lava and a powerful earthquake shakes hawaii's big island. welcome to the program russian opposition leader alexei no volley has been detained along with more than a thousand other anti kremlin demonstrators according to monitors fully seized him in moscow after he called for protests across the country ahead of president vladimir putin's inauguration for another term as president. down with the czar the rallying cry that brought together thousands of russians opposed to president vladimir putin they gathered in city squares across the country voicing their dissent and holding signs denouncing corruption. because they at night i think that every responsible citizen should express their opinion that's my duty as a citizen of the rus

police broke up this anti—putin protest in moscow at the weekend.ernational pressure, too, over the salisbury poisoning and the war in syria. meanwhile, western sanctions against russia are biting. russia feels it is being squeezed by the west, and at this moscow arm—wrestling club, they tell me only putin has the political muscle to protect them. we don't have somebody to substitute him. there is no rival, opponent of him. even in a country of 146 million people, there is no substitute for putin? uh...yes. it sounds not very good, but it's true. that is precisely how vladimir putin wants to be seen by his people — as the only choice for russia. steve rosenberg, bbc news, moscow. if the spewing lava from one of the world's most active volcanoes isn't hazardous enough — there's now an added danger for the residents on hawaii's big island. 35 buildings have now been destroyed with hundreds more in danger. but officials have told the bbc they're most worried about thousands of litres of highly flammable liquid which they're desperately trying to move t

pretty classic putin tactic. follow what putin wants to have than. >> or when it becomes too obvious that what they're doing can't be on their own terms. at the end of the book, you have this kind of sad moment. >> it's a tragedy. the book's a tragedy. >> it is. my life's work of trying to bring our two countries closer, of trying to integrate a democratic russia seems like a failure. to punctuate the tragedy, i'm now persona non grata in a country i love. you are not optimistic about the rest of your lifetime reversing these trends. >> i'm not optimistic in the short run because i do think putin's in power. i don't see that changing any time soon. but in the long run, i'm incredibly optimistic about russia and its future with the west and with democracy. >> because you love russia. >> well, a, i love russia because i'm passionate about russia but b, i'm also a social scientist and we know that the richer countries become, the more likely they are to become democratic. that's a trend we've seen for hundreds of ye

police broke up this anti—putin protest in moscow at the weekend. international pressure, too, over the salisbury poisoning and the war in syria. meanwhile, western sanctions against russia are biting. russia feels it is being squeezed by the west, and at this moscow arm—wrestling club, they tell me only putin has the political muscle to protect them. we don't have somebody to substitute him. there is no rival, opponent of him. even in a country of 146 million people, there is no substitute for putin? uh...yes. it sounds not very good, but it's true. that is precisely how vladimir putin wants to be seen by his people — as the only choice for russia. steve rosenberg, bbc news, moscow. dozens of families have been left homeless on hawaii's big island from an erupting volcano, which authorities warn could continue to pose a threat for potentially months. geologists predict it is only a matter of time before new holes of lava explode open in the ground. virginia langeberg reports. a wave of lava crashing forward in slow motion, engulfing everything in i

not everyone's been celebrating six more years of vladimir putin.ekend. the kremlin is facing international pressure, too, over the salisbury poisoning, and the war in syria. meanwhile, western sanctions against russia are biting. russia feels it's being squeezed by the west, and at this moscow arm wrestling club, they tell me only putin has the political muscle to protect them. we don't have somebody to substitute him. there is no rival, opponent of him. even in a country of 146 million people, there is no substitute for putin? ah, yes. it sounds not very good, but it's true. that is precisely how vladimir putin wants to be seen by his people, as the only choice for russia. steve rosenberg, bbc news, moscow. tourism accounts for around 8% of the world's carbon emissions — that's the conclusion of a sydney university study. the figure is about three times higher than previous estimates. it takes into account leisure activities such as dining out and shopping — as well as flights and accommodation. our environment correspondent matt mcgrath reports.