. >> it provides an unequivocal nfirmation of the answer to the qstion, who started the war? it ss squarelthat it was the georgian massiv elling and artillery attack. >> the georgian government immediely shot ba accusing the rssian ambassador of distorting the report. i am ite surised that they haven answer for it. this report is not about who startethe war, because the war did not start o the seveh or theighth. there is proof that russiaas preparing this war >> whoever is to blame, one thing is clear. russiaon, georgia lo. a year o, it is russia that mains in complete corol of south ossetia >> sharp fferences in the internatnal approach to afghistan have burst into t open with the sacking of the special, on flight. -- with the seco of the specia envoy. he took in more tough line an his boss from norway. i wa toldarlier about this. the sectary-general issued a start statement whi thank pete galbrah for his wk and he was being recalled in the bestnterest of the mission. the u.n. mission has been in the spotlight over te past couple of weeks because ofhis very publ row between

. >> colby, tactical qstion. what happens if we pulout? >> it wi represent militarily a defeat the tiban will be there and alsol qaeda will havenother t it all depends on what the endgame is goi to be theren concerd. what doethe actual one to achieve? we could redefine thgoals, and not just political asons, b strategic reaso. is it possibleo degrade t taliban a point where the talibawill not pose a rticular threat in afghanistan and pakistan and c theyo this militarily and way othethan having a large number of troops in the ground? george will suggesd there was pushed bk. i ink obama has to really redened what he wantso aceve and then sell that to the country. i don't think had done this. >> let mask you -- why is the enemy the taliban rather tha al qaed >> because al qaeda is not and -- in afghanistan, but pakistan >> they have nes, right? >> pakistan is a sovereign untry, we can't invaded. that is our oblem. >> we invad iraq -- >> on the day of 9/11, iq was an enemy statenot a friendly state. you do't invade france or britain -- you iade

[laughter] you were answering qstions very direcy. and i thought, you know, as i began to know this town that is so untrue. we don't say what we feel and think. and you pay a price for that. we discussed my views on iraq and other things and i've always been somebody because i was raised that way for mfather and some of the generals you talked about before, general gray and others the always taught me say it like it is and i think that is what we should have more of. >> host: i'm looking at what it says i have one more minute to go but i have to a one quick qstion on a pernal note. what happened? i thought you were going to be sure to be to the ambassador. >> guest: sorted point [laughter] i don'know what happened. i was asked if i wou do it and said yes and wasold you will be the administration's nomination. i obviously was told that from many sides on the national security adviser to theice president of the secretary of state and others and i was preparing for it and lo and behold, that wasn't the way it came out. no one ever explai

no qstion about it, this -- the big question is wheth the u.s. will go forwar with the missile defense shield in europe. this is what robert gates h promised. it will not do it thay, they willo it that way. but we are ready to do it that way -- >> let me ju say one thing -- u cannotight the world. our biggesthreat at the moment seems to be -- we are vy worried out in. we need the ssians to help us impose sanctions if that is where we aregoing. we have gotten thatut of this, w will haveotten somethg. >> was this too early, givg too much t the russians too early? >> i d't know. i cannot judge that. but his instincts some defense is t split the fference, find the middle option could you look at almost anhing, that is where heoes. >>let me ask y from the gulag,ow wilthis play out relationwith russia? >> evan ss this is splitting the difference. it is t. it is tolcapitulation. if you wanted to have defense with intermediates, u cou said egy'ships, have them there in the wee in half. ere is no need to abdon lo-range system. you can have one andhe other

>> that's a good qstion. i think it depends on whyou ask. i think a lot of them uld be offended, because it'so persal. these are guys that ey were sittinnext to the day before. it's sething to them that's not for so of public consumption. it's gruesome, is graphic. it's somethinghat belongs to them andomething that they ha to deal with. but athe same time, i think many would want to s a public that's more engaged on what they're doing there. mo interested in what they're doing ere. re aware of what they're bei asked to do. >> moys: is it clear to you whatur goals are there? >> well, the sectary lays it out the following way. he saythat because the taliban coerated and collaborated with al qaeda, the united statemust make sure that the talan's not allowed toeturn so that it therefore doesn't low al qaeda to return. i guess the estion that i have, d that hasn't really been answereis, that may have been true then, but wh is the relaonship between the taliban and al qaeda now? because if t premise of the strategy tt is that the taliban n't be al

but r the purpose of argument i am going to set that qstion aside in this lture as i've done in my book to focus on this more fundamental questio the question of the origin of the very first life. n that very first life be explained as the resulof a purely on directed process such that any appearance of design we might find and for example the first livi cell can be safely assumed to be an illusion? or is there evidence of actual design, is designed merely parent or is there tual intelligent design? that is the question i am going to addresspecifically as it relates to the origin of the first life. now, and darwin's times scientists were not particularly coerned about this. there waa general materiistic turn and scice during the late 19th century wi attempt to explain all major phenomenon by reference to maer in motion. maybe the laws of nature. bueven though there wasn't a formal theory of therigin of first life scientists were all very concerned about not having such a theory by and talking about materialistic we oriented evolutionary biologists because they assumed the cell was extre

minutes and the questions have to be very short and then she will sign books after word so s can answer qstions at that point*. >we have time for 15 minutes question so maybe three or four questions. >> i am not sure the bush administration was convinced from the outside of about 9/11 would sure reaction of the panic, how much was that? >> it would be speculating but i think it did play a part friday tried to write about how flatfooted they were caught. it is interesting they felt they let their guard down and they felt that it was urgent to try tohow they were tough and on top of things prce think it is only human nature th you would overreacted to fall you were caught off guard like that. president bush was quite refreshingly candid about it and said he said i was not on poin* he did not try to cover it up. is this certainly seems like it played a part. >> has it stopped? >> guest: i wish i knew. i think a lot of it,

now, ian officer -- sically, a derelicti of duty or an officer violateshe w, that's a separate qstionhat needs to be dealt with and by the judicialystem very carelly. but in the lar scheme of things, our law, ourculture, r religion belves -- tell us we really ve to get to e bottom of all of theseases and god willg, we will. >>harlie: thank you very much. y i also -- i know that you haveeen askedbout this on rt of "the washingtopost" and "newsweek azi al-bahari, the "newsweek" journalist a lot of us in this coext are concerned about him anhis release. i hope all priners are released. but i think tha seone should also bconcerned about the iranian nation >> charlieyou're concerned about the irian naon. i ha many quesons. i do not want to abuse my me. you havenvited me to come to ir. >> definitely. pleas% do me. coordina with mr. -- you can come, go to haman, esfahan. >> charlie: whato you hope i e? >> whater you see will be good things. everything theres lovely. irann nation is o of the best. e of the best. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> charl: funding for "charlie rose" has been provided the following. >>

. >> warner: now a qstion for peoplever 65. if someone reads the fi print of this udy, it does apar that there is quite a differencen the immune response pple 64 and under versus those older. i ink one produc in regur adultswho h 97% immune response but in senior over 65, only what, 55, 5%. shou older americans be rried? >> well, certainly older americans should pay attention getting vaccinated, particularly with t asonal flu. >> that is the regular f. >> the regular flu. t let me just address your question, margaret, because it's important loweresponses to vaccines, influenza vcines inhe elderly is somethi that we see all e time. we would love it to gher but it just is no so this is vy much what we see in seasonal flu vaccine this i not anything peculiar abo the swine flu vaccine. 's just doing what w generally see everyear. but we shou make sure that senior citizenrealize that the threat to them of any flu there. but partilarly the seasonallu that we get every year because of the 36,000 deaths at occur each yea with seasonal

so how did you decide -- >> that is a great qstion. i went round and round with a new press editors about it. and i had different suggestions at different times. hard times it has ways been a fabulouslympornt book to me and i don't want to put aside staff of jazz mucians and everything most this audience could come up with, and the answer probably is pretty simple. that working as t book that i perhap better known than studs himself at this point. it just happened that steve endowment for the humanities produced litte playlets based on working 20 years ago. and it just happenedhat i was a humast and a little state of rhode island who then engaged the audience in conversation about it. it all sort of like an occurrence. and what "working stuff quote manage to do is to epitomize what is best in the oral history which is to say to legimate the daily lives of dinary people who would not consider themselves wory at least likely to ever be interewed and talk about their own lives in that fashion which is exactly the late liz brought up. it's

i just he one last qstion... >> well, the only thing i want to say, though, is at wha we... just want to make sure that everybody understands that you don'make decions about resoces before you havehe strate right. >> rose: joinings from washington now, rajiv chandrasekaran of the "washington post." he cauthored a piece tay about how the white hoe is rethinking the way rward afghanistan and i especially pleased to have m on this show. re is the "waington pos with a picture of general mcchrystal a the headline "more forces omission failure, top u.s. command from afghan war calls the next 12 month december iceive." written by bob woodward. he is "changes ha obama rethinking war stragy." pagraph of bob woodward's story. "top u.s. and natocommander in afanistan warns in an urgent confidenti assess. ofhe war that he needs more forces within the xt year and bltly states that without them the eight-year conflict wil likely result in flure" accordg to a copy of the 66-page document obtained by the "washington po." so rajiv, thank you for coming, first of all. >> good evening, charlie

and he saw this as a disse and askedhe qstion why are amerans so paranoid? and iis a really useful question, but all i am a historian of government secrecy anmy research in the 1990's, and it seemed to me at in my own and rearch i saw a lot of six evils of government conspiracies, and so i wanted to push hofstadter's questions further and look at how things have changed since the 1960's. and how real government conspiracies in the revelations of the real government conspiraciesave influenced conspiracy theories about the government. in the 1960's it wasn'-- it was local r hostetter to put americans on the couch and say why are they so crazy. but after watergate and after e revelations i looked at in the fbi and early cold war it wasn't so irrational perhaps for americans to believe in copiracy they about their government so i wanted to look at is the relationship and can we update thisn light of rece events. >> host: how much you think -- it also not only changing what is happening out there and the world that there reay are these government conspiracies whi

fr a structul persctive they have qstions. you havehis robust wireless instry.in the u.s you have at&t an verizon who ar not onlyy far largt wireless companies, but they're still vertically integrated. talked about at&t the old bell system system, the was a local monopoly. ey still have those in those old territorie and sof we're sprint or t-mobile we want to connect our wirelessetwork in those areas, 's really, really expensive they charge us a lot. the land line monopoly division which is a competitive pediment to growing the indust further. thers some regatory issues. i think there's some other concerns in the industry and regulation around eay termination fees. why can't we letustomers break their conacts. if you tak those away and phone prices will go up, i belve invation will come down. this adoption, this rapid adopon of new devices and new phes because people buy them because they're very affordable it's because theye subsidized. if you were going to stay with the same carrie for a year two yoll get a betr dea than iyou pay the full price for a phone hav

but at's not the-now, that' not the full qstion. nowe have a new question.t woman is going represent what interest? is it going be the interests of working people or the intests of the corporations? and thatest is a test of p... of class? >> moyers: dwe know where oba comes down on this? >> it depends where thworking class is. >> that's right. >> as an organiz force. anobama himself said, "i can't this alone." he was campaigning on th progressive agendand he said, "i cannot do thialone. i need a social vement." you know, that's what weave to push. and if corporate elites arwe know they'reushing. anif there isn't any pushback, that where he's going to go. >> ihink that his heart lies with working people. but i think that he believ fundamentally at he has to make sure that capitism is functioning in a certain w. and that mea that he has to pay attentn to the corporate elites. and fothat reason, what mike raised is absoluly on the money. th we have to push him and int out to him that an econo should be rving working people. an ecomy where you have an announceme

. >> but the qstion becomes once he's out.ink he'll go straight or is this addiction still part of who he is? >> well that's going to be the number one conflict within him. i thought he quit this te. and i really hoped he would. but when uncertainty rises up around him this is the one certainty he's always known. so you know. i would call it a 50/50. >> what aut his girlfriend? >> his wife now. but i've heard they're getting divorced now. i'm not entirely certain about the fure of tt. >> do you intend to see him again soon? >> oh, sure. absolutely. i'd like to visit him in texas. >> well, texas is one of our big listening states. so it would not surprise me if he has access to a radio. that he's listened this morning, heard you tell his story which i must say i was extraordinarily moved by not the ill legality but the cruelty of the treatment that this young man received early on d even later in life just boggles the mind. the book is titled "the art of making money" the story of a master counterfeiter. jason kersten is the au

but it's in the interest both counies that it beiminished, there's no qstion about that. >> rose: can y make an argument that they're bett pauf bause they have an economy that is not run by a democratic institution? >> well, thinkt made it easier to gate rapidtimulus program rapidly.. >> rose: thecan make a coitment to do more faster than we can make a commitment, even things likeclimate change. theyl make a decision as t how climate change... >> if they mak the cision, yes. >> rose:... affects their economicrowth. >> inome areas, lack of democratic pressure or public pressure may work against appropriate policies. look at iran. you would like to think that the rebellious forces in iran would leadhe a better polic than the dictatorial forces. >> re: exactly. we clearly hope that. >> hopefully weet a good pla but i do thinwe have coon interest and i think they understa that. no in other areas, maybe it doesn't look quite so common, but i.... rose: it's not clear that theynderstand that the dollar ought to be the reserveurrency in e long term. >>ell, that may be right, but who knows abo

but to swer the other qstion what didn't they anticipate? i think th most strikg faile of their anticipation was that they didn'tsee that the failuref lean would brindown or thrten to bri down the $4 trillion plus money market industry. now, the whole... one of theirer that reis was... i heard the from everybody. everybody ne lehman wasn trouble. so iyou held any kd of lehman exposure, if youad ocks, certainly, ifou had bonds, if you evehad short-term commercial paper om lean, then you were a speculator. on some sense you derved to lose because you were rolling the dmis a very riy game. so they didn realize that conservativeoney market funds would be sitting on hundreds of millio of dolrs oflehman short-rm paper. why? well, because it was rated "a" or more an "a"y the ratg agencies until that monday after lehman declad bankruptcy. so the reserve fun broke, a putnam fund hadto close down. you had a panicked run. there we reports the chinese were goi to pull all their sovereign wealth mon out of the money mark funds. peop, main street, people

they do need to be athe table, no qstion about it.the problem when you ring them into the ditch kitchen that is a l of cooks and can theygree on anything more an pretty geral framework. we certainly need aot more than that for example arnd theegulation of banks b yo didn't see today an concrete prress in that kind ofirection. >> reporter: did you seat least having them at the table as an portant step. >> ihink it's very important for them tobe at the tabl if you thinkabout issues like the global imbalanc that we talkedbout, chi is a very big part of it and the other emerging market conomies are a very big part of it. so unless we can involve them in the solution, were not going to get anywhere. so it is essenal that they be part of the conversatio about how to mke progress. and theoint that we don't have tt many specifics coes out of it, t even here i thk there is some game changes. for instance the ntion that there should be a peer review press that is going to take account of counies micro-economic policie there wasa peer riew proce

we would target the qstion that had a good pay history in the past and responsible before the hardshipand for customers thatho they can handle their back in kept. again a more concerted program that knows exactly who can and couldn't improve the situataon where the unemployed borrowers i up as well mentioned very mentioned they are going to work with the administration to try to build the program. can understand your concern you probably hear a lot of times we are helping those customers. i think it's because we haven't formized the p seases to make sure we offer it consistently from customer to customer. that is improvement needed. and the question that you asked aboulate fees and lawyer fees, i think the table's policy to waive all late fees and -- >> i hav not found that to be the case. does everyone at the table waive late fees? >> yes. >> yes. >> yes. >> yes. >> that is a requirement of the mha program. >> well, let me just say since you answered, miss sheehani have here a statement, a waiver, and it basically says j pmorgan has offered to try to modification under the make it mor

we still have some question time, so if you'd like to come up to the microphone and make a short qstion, he'll answer them. we have one. maybe we could line up along here. i have a feeling there'll be more. >> one of the most impressive arguments i fnd in your book which you haven't mentioned here is at the very end, and that's the suggestion that neodarwinnists are n findi it necessary to posit a multiuniverse hypothesis to avoid the improbability of this kind of code development occurring within the time that our universe has existed. i'd like to know what, what's happening with that argument among neodarwinnists right now. >> well, there's really only -- you're right. you know boil gists are in trouble when they start invoking ltiple numbers of other universes to try to render otherwise extremely improbable events probable. it's a rather technical discussion when you get into these hypotheses about multiverses. we have at discovery institute a really first class philosopher of physics in bruce gordon who's doing some cutting-edge work on that. he's got a great article coming out, the

and to the credit of the administration, they are addressing these qstions. they are under a lot of pressure on capitol hill to move faster and to make some decisions. you have a publicized request from the commander in afghanistan for more troops, so the president is really under pressure to move. but he has a very difficult decision. it's a very complicated matter, and it's tough to decide, you know. do we need -- are more troops going to help? are they going to hurt? the government over there, mohammed karzi according to reports is corrupt. do we have a reliable partner there? the's a whole host of questions that should be addressed. >> and not to mention, the commander calling for more troops if the president goes with that call, that may alienate some in his political base that are saying let's go with a diplomat solution. so he has the battle to fight in washington and afghanistan. >> absolutely. he's under pressure from both sides on this question. and he may try to split the difference as it were and maybe instead of 40,000 troops, make it 20,000 troo

jump to ask the queion, "how are these tngs influencing people >> smith: to get a handle on that qstionwn river. ju above washington, i found other usgs team sampling wat from the potomacpart of a nationwideurvey checking for 300 emerging contaminants our inking water. they were lookg for well-known pollutan like pesticides, and for newly detected conminants found in pharmacticals, body lotion soaps and deodorants. in all, they found 85 compous we're just n starting to be able to even analy for in wate but the treatment isn't inteed to remove thosproducts. >> smith: at makes this a matter of concern is that th ishe intake for the washington aqueduct, where one millio people in the dc area get thr drinking water. few of us may alize it, but peop downstream use waste water om people upstream. e potomac, like other rivers serves as both the placehere we dump our wastater and the place where we get o drinking ter. it's one big contious recyclg operation from the toil or the shower to the tap. >> the riverlows down, a communittakes water out of the river, puts it back rough a wastewat plant

that's an open qstion.it's particularly relevant to our discussion today because it's my understanding that at least some of the larger testing companies are starting to offer genetic testing as part of the larger wellness programs. so your employer might offer you access to director consumer genetic testing and work with you in order to prove your health bed on the results. so gina is very much supposed to prevent and prohibit of the collection of this history should we allowmployers to use director consumer genetic question of not just questioning history but the test results itself. the third issue i would mention that continues to swirl in the gina world is that there's an unresolved issue about the extent to which it maybe considered accidental for an employer to learn something about through the use of online sources. this can include social networking, a message posted in an online support group for a particular disease, or the social network sections that exist in some of the direct to consumer gene

that i look to myeader and most of the people around me, it was not a question of experience but a qstion and the choices he made for your pition and the government. would you talk about this experience? >> a very good question and central in the democratic primary battle. field on the campaign believe ultimately the issue would not be crucial n that he did n have to deal with that and they tried. in the early stages of the democratic race, he spent time talking about what he had done as a state senator and referred to his state senatorial record. under constant focus groups it made no resonan and made no impact. they realized e ssue was not experience but the capacity to lead and what was important is not to say i have passed this man bills or spend this much time working on this issue but say i have the qualities of leadership that we need at this particular time in american history and when he began to do that, he was able to do that an important turning point* said jefferson jackson dinner in iowa of the candidates are there. is a big event center clinton gave a very good speech and o

my qstion is we have talked about all of these different things but we haven't talked about tort reformto is hug issue coming from a medical background and so forth. i would likto hear you speak to this and the fact that i think it was yesterday howard dean on the other side finally admitted one of the reasons with the problem with health care is tort reform so i wanted to hear at you had to say. thank you. >> and the 1,000 page bill somehow or another they just didn't have roo who knew? we know what the reason is$ because the trial lawyers are such big upporters of the people were writing this legislation but in tgwn hall meeting after town hall meeting that is a huge litning rod issue. people know that medical malpractice is really one of the major drivers ofost, not the only one but none of the major drivs and we have evidence of how you can begin to solve this problem. texas for example reformed his malpractice rules in 2003, 2005 fully in effect on they have a backlog of 7,000 physicians who want to move to texas because it is a friend their informants of this inspect an earlier qu

there is no qstion iraq has the resources to be stale and successful but his better applies the resources starting with leal. aqi people are blessed with enormous oil reserves estimated to be the number three country in the world. and on june 30, the iraqi ministry of oil held a first bid around in iraqi history with 32 internional oil companies competing for sixilfields, bo yield was awarded. it is a major deal and if it lives up to its expectations it's possible that i iraq's oil exports could actually double fro this one field alone. iraq needs to do moren this area. we need to work closely with iraqi is becae we need to see increasingly iraq paying for its own bills as we ramp down r bilateral assistance iraq needs to work on a more diversified economy and we are very pleased. we have worked together on a u.s. direct business and investment conference to be held october 20 if here i washington. 200 representative from iraq will attend th conference. there will be a delegation of senior government officials. we hope this conference be given with high level discussion with high-level ir

he has sred her perspective on the issues in qstion and stressed that he would not use his position toeral law or further policies inconsistent wh congressional directives directives." and then as i quoted in my opening, "we hope the senate can ke up this nomination in the near future and that a senators will vote to confirm him for thi post." second, very different association and an important one in our country, the chamber of commerce of the united states of america. a letter from our bruce jostin. and the first paragraph says, "the chamber is the world's largest business federation representing more than 3 million businesses and organizations." and he says about the nomee -- and i quote -- "over the course of an impreive career as a legal academic, professor sunstein has made important contributions in such diverse areas as environmental law, behavioral economics, and consumer safety. through his work, he has improved our understanding of the law and public policy in a continuing effort to improve the ability of government to neficially impact the lives. of its citizens. as oira ad

>> well, there's no qstion that there is a significant department commitment, but i think it's not surprising that thdepartment and hhs would have, would want to use this opportunity to everyone sides our commitment given, again, the largest such settlement in history. $2.3 billion, i think the most significant prior to that was about 1.4 billion, so this is a very significant day in our efforts. but it is part of a longer effort where we have tried to reinvigorate our efforts. there have been work done by, as we've talked about over the last four years on this case, but this is part of, again, our broader commitment to it. >> you've all talked about how difficult this case was to build. can you give us just a little bit of an idea of how you built it? obviously, mr. perkins, you said your agents interviewed some of the physicians that went to these promotion meetings. what other things did you do to build this case? what other kind of work did crow do? >> do you want to take that? >> well, just, basic investigative work and piecing it together, tracing funds, looking at the statute. it reall