she became a quaker minister. but none of this was unusual. i think the key moment in lucretia mott's life that turned her into an activist was the controversy in the society of friends. this occurred in the 1820s. and by 1827 the society of friends in the united states had split into two competing hostile groups known as the hick site and the orthodox quakers. and lucretia mott was a hick site quaker named after their leader. and they believed that the leadership of the society of friends had become complacent on the issue of slavery. they had done away with their ownership of slaves long before, and they viewed that as enough, right, to have removed themselves from direct contact. but hicks and lucretia mott believed that you had to sever all ties to slavery and for wealthy merchants in philadelphia, that was requesting quite a lot. they all had economic ties to the south. they all dealt in cotton. and even james mott, he struggled for a while to find a profession, to find a career that would support his family and eventually he succeeds, bu

hannah makes his family were quakers. -- hannah nixon's family were quakers.nd their grandmother milhouse set the standards for the whole family. honesty, hard work, humanitarian ideals. young richard was like the other boys in yorba linda, except he was reading newspapers by the time they were beginning to look at picture books. when he was nine, the farm and yorba linda failed and the family moved to nearby whittier, california, a quiet town where frank nixon opened a grocery store and service station. early lifehard's centered at the quaker meeting hall where his family went four times on sunday and several times during the week. richard began to work as soon as he was old enough to get jobs as a teen picker in the fields and in the family store he bumped -- podcasts and delivered groceries. -- he pumped gas and delivered groceries. hannah nixon and grandmother milhouse taught richard the meaning of charity by their example. frank nixon taught his son to work and succeed. in his sophomore year at whittier college, and nixon represented the school in 50 deba

she attended an annual quaker meeting. the genesee early meeting.she traveled to ontario, canada, to visit former slaves, american slaves who had fled to canada. she went to the seneca reservation and witnessed them writing their constitution. she is engaged in all of these very interesting activities in the summer of 1848, native american rights, african-american rights, and women's rights. before the seneca falls convention in july, 1848, she meets up with her old friend, elizabeth cady stanton and others in the area. they decide to hold this convention devoted to women, and the civil condition, and they announced that lucretia mott will be the speaker. once a newspaper called her a grizzled speaker of the movement. that she had somehow shed her femininity by engaging in activism. but the women's rights movement, the antislavery movement held her up as a paragon of womanhood. they said lucretia mott is an example that you can do both, be an excellent wife, mother, grandmother, and have a public life, be an activist. for her, the activism and the f

he didn't choose to emphasize the quaker background. it turns out only one of the great-grandmothers. but all his biographies said he was from a quaker background. they were accepted by the puritans and cavaliers. they were also pacifists even during the civil war they were conscientious if they didn't want to go to battle over old opinions so the quakers were okay with the south that they were also sort of beloved in the north and in fact they had been persecuted and hanged in the early new england but by this time they were in the middle of the atlantic states and pennsylvania and it was kind of a buffer between. and i explored in my book how lincoln kind of emphasizes that aspect. >> there was a wonderful of years ago [inaudible] i'm surprised to see how many people at the time didn't understand but they understood they had a very -- they didn't like the image and they were not only felt images but they were stereotypes. how does each stereotype each other? >> i think that they can pretty easily even in our culture as back then becom

but all of his biographers said that he had a quaker background of rated quakers were accepted by both the puritans and the cavaliers. they were kind of a buffer. you think that cavaliers would take them because they were entitled slavery. but no, the key were also pacifists. there were some conscientious if they didn't want to go to battle over opinions over slavery even though they morally opposed to slavery. they were sort of beloved in the north early on. then they had been persecuted and hanged in the early new england but by this time he has settled in the middle of the atlantic states in pennsylvania. innovative a buffer between the puritans and the cavaliers. i explored my ♪ ♪ lincoln kind of emphasizes that aspect in the background. james: and people at the time, i'm surprised lawsuit lawsuit and it should not be surprised. there is a wonderful book written years ago about puritans and cavaliers. but i'm surprised again how any people at the time actually de dead. but i think that just the new england it is understood themselves to be puritans. they had a very, will they didn'

when i heard about quaker and aunt jemima, i was stunned. i was pleased. one of the interviews i did, i said the only thing that would be more shocking would be if the football team in our nations capital changed its name. people were working on that for decades, right? and the people that did not want to do it were so entrenched that it seemed like it was never going to happen. there are conversations going on, not just in police departments, not just in corporations, but in our churches, neighborhoods. now, i am not in those conversations so i don't know -- i am not listening -- i am not listening in a way that would allow me to judge the quality of the conversation, if you would. but i know there are more conversations happening in this country. that pleases me a lot. one of my statements was, when i first was aware of quaker's decision, it felt like a trickle. now it feels like a fast train coming. >> is it there? >> the jim crow museum is in big rapids, michigan. -- grand rapids, michigan. our founder was committed to racial justice long before that w

the northern portion of the loudoun valley was predominantly populated by quakers and german populations that were usually favorable towards the union soldiers. you'll see a sketch of burnside on horseback. you can see union soldiers cheering him on. it wasn't just union soldiers, but many civilians as well. however, the loudoun valley had remained unscathed by this point in the war despite its divided loyalties. however, there had been some instances of truly -- i know we use the term so much that it's almost a cliche of brother against brother as the civil war. but in loudoun valley, that was the case. that was actually happening and another correspondent said this, the war has been conducted with a bitterness that you of the north can scarcely conceive, literally setting brother against brother and father against son, destroying all domestic ties and natural feeling. but this would be the first time during the american civil war that the loudoun valley would experience the horrors of war. it did not just come when the two armies met on a battlefield, but as will be the case here, espe

you can see the arrow in the map showing the fighting at the quaker meeting has.the first shot he fires fills the seventh indiana infantry. once the union gains the range of his ground, he will fall back to advantages ground and continue playing a game of leapfrog with the federal artillery sets. what he has done at fredericksburg is where is reputation is created, but this is perhaps a greater day for him then december 13th of 1862. ultimately, his heroics won't be enough to stop the union advance. once stewart starts to feel pressure on his flanks, you will fall back to the next position. all day on november 2nd, stewart will hold a total of six different positions. by the evening of november 2nd, stewart has been pushed back to the outskirts. the town sits a few miles east of ash bees gap where there's union infantry under the command of john walker. stewart was trying to keep the unionized lying to the presence of confederate infantry in the valley and to also keep the mountain pass open. some very intense finding will be had on november the 3rd outside of upp

so, when i heard about the quaker with aunt jemima, i was stunned, i was pleased. you know, i actually wanted -- one of the interviews i did i said the only thing that would be more shock would be if the football team in our nation's capital changed its name. and i mean because people were working on that for decades, right? and the people that didn't want to do it were so entrenched it seemed like it would never happen. but i think there are conversations going on not just in police departments, not just in corporations, but in. our churches, in neighborhoods. now you know, i'm not in those conversations, so i don't know, you know, i'm not listening to what -- i'm not listening wane that would allow me to sort of judge, you know, the quality of the conversation, if you would. but i know there are more conversations happening in this country. that pleases me a lot. and so one of my little statements was that when i first was aware of the quaker decision it felt like a trickle and now it feels like a fast train. >> where is the museum and why is it? >> i'm glad you

you can see it there, showing the fighting at the quaker meeting house. he takes one out and he sites the gun himself personally at a distance of 800 yards and the first shot fells the entire color guard of the infantry to the left. and once it gains the range, he will fall back to another piece of ground and don't play a game of leap frog. i know what he does at freder k frederickberg is talked about, but the long arm say that's this is really almost perhaps a greater day for john pellam. ultimately his heroics will not be enough all night. he will fall back to the next position and the next. so all day he will hold six different positions. by november the 3rd, the evening of november 2nd, he has been pushed back to the outskirts. upper v upperville was an important town because of the road networks and the roads leading into it. just a few miles back where there was confederate infantry under the command of john walker. and stewart was trying to keep the union eyes blind to the presence of infantry here. they want today keep that mountain pass open. ver

you would think that they would hate the quakers because they were antislavery but no, they were also has a vast. even during the civil war they were conscientious they didn't want to go to battle over the opinions although they morally opposed it. so they were okay with the south but they were also sort of beloved in the north early on and of course they had been persecuted and hanged. but by this time in the middle of the atlantic states and pennsylvania and they were kind of a buffer between the puritans and the cavalier and i discuss in my book how lincoln kind of emphasizes that in his background. >> i am surprised again to see how many people at the time but they've understood they didn't like this image and they were stereotypes of each other's section and how they stereotype each other. >> i think they can even in our culture as back then become caricatures. these were definitely caricatures by the time in the 19th century when all of this was being talked about m, both e dismissed but that image overwhelmed a lot of people there would be nothing but hate. it was kind of a rid

there's also philadelphia, where william penn looks down upon his quaker city. it, likewise, was the home of good ben franklin and is the site of independence ball and the bell of liberty. here, discover a museum that's one of our nation's richest jewels. a little further on, we see an area rich in the beginning of our history, jamestown, where on the new continent, the first permanent english settlement began. not far away, discover yorktown. here when the great corn wallace gave up his sword to washington, america became a nation. here, too, were ended many lives when american patriots fell in our great civil war. good men were lost in that conflict, which gave painful beginning to our modern nation. in washington, there echos lincoln's pledge that they shall not have died in vain, that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. it has not perished, nor has liberty, which thomas jefferson reminds us is a tree whose roots are nourished by the blood of patriots. many have been memorialized beside the potomac. brave s

accountable the heart of the problem at this stage is the nonpayment of wages and those in the midst of quakers who wish to return home but to do not want to return without all while compromising their rights in light of the current situation and all the exportations that are coming to surface and that reflects then the sensitive to have it from india. implemented activists say the attempt at labor reform had been a long battle but it failed and along with 4 domestic workers they are back to square one so who their beirut to mosques in austria have been closed after a man who attended them killed 4 people there just 22 others in vienna earlier this week the country's integration minister insists the move is not an attack on the islamic faith but 20 year old gunman was shot dead on monday during the rampage in the capital. well the 150 people are missing and feared dead across central america after the tropical storm hit the region it triggered mudslides in a most remote mountain areas as one of the worst hit countries. reports thanks what a 1000000 troops rescued the survivors stranded on roofs

the finger of suspicion is pointed, in other years it has been and may someday be again, a jew or a quaker or a unitarian or a baptist. today i may be the victim but tomorrow it may be you. until the whole fabric of our harmonious society is ripped apart at a time of great national peril. i believe in an america where religious tolerance will end, all men and all churches are treated as equals. every man has the same right to attend or not to attend the church of his choice. there's no catholic vote, no anti-catholic vote, no bloc voting of any kind and where catholics, protestants and jews will refrain from those attitudes of disdain and division which have so often marred their works in the past and promote instead the american ideal of brotherhood. that is the kind of america in which i believe. and it represents the kind of presidency in which i believe. a great office that must be neither humbled by making it the instrument of any religion group, nor tarnished by arbitrarily holding it, its occupancy of the members of any one group. i believe in a president whose views on religion are

>> pennsylvania is the first, the quakers were the first, and then there were gradual emancipation schemes where you may not infer someone's freedom right away but when they reach a certain age, then they are given their freedom. this is starting to happen in some colonies by the time we get to the constitutional convention, but it is not the norm. >> i think virginia even makes a law that makes it easier for the masters to manumission their enslaved people after or toward the american revolution. 1787, weat we are in are thinking back, what is the constitution trying to create, why the constitution? constitution is the paramount law in the united states which means it trumps all conflicting laws and it also means it is really hard to amend. i think of the constitution in part as a mission statement, so it embodies values that we share as americans and we strive for. another important part of the constitution was to set up the national government. it is a long story, but the short version is that the government they were existing under, the articles of confederation, was failing. congress

the finger of suspicion is pointed, in other years it has been and may someday be again a jew or a quaker or a unitarian or a baptist. it was virginia's harassment baptist creatures, for example, that led to jefferson's statute of religious freedom. today, i may be the victim but tomorrow it may be you. until the whole fabric of our harmonious decidedly is ripped apart at a time of great national peril. finally, i believe in an america where religious intolerance will someday end, we're all men and all churches are treated as equals, where every man as the same right to attend or not to attend a church of his choice, where there is no catholic vote, no anti catholic vote, no block voting of any kind, and we're catholics, protestants and jews i both allay and pastoral levels, will refrain from those attitudes of disdain and division which have so often marred their works in the past and promote instead the american ideal of brotherhood. that is the kind of america in which i believe and it represents the kind of presidency in which i believe, a great office which must not be humbled nor ta

the finger of suspicion is pointed, in other years it has been and may some day be again a jew or a quaker or a unitarian or baptist. it was virginia's baptist teachers that led to, for example, jefferson's statute of religious freedom. today i am the victim but tomorrow it may be you. until the fabric of our harmonious society is ripped apart at a time of great national peril. finally, i believe in an america where religious intolerance will some day end, where all men and all churches are treated as equals, for every man had the same right to attend or not to attend the church of his choice, where there is no catholic vote, no anti-catholic vote, no bloc voting of any kind, and where catholics, protestants and jews at both the lay and pastoral levels will refrain from disdain which have so far marred their work in the past and instead promote the idea of america brotherhood. that is the kind of america in which i believe and it represents the kind of presidency in which i believe. a great office that must be neither humbled by making it the instrument of any religious group nor tarnished

i was also help by quakers in my early years here in the united states. so i choose to believe and that kind of american spirit. despite all of this happening right now in this country. i do believe there is goodness and most of us. and if we can share our stories and of volk collective empathy, we can bring our nation and our people together. i think as you mentioned the arch and extent of failing. i choose to believe there is a possibility. >> host: you're not full is an intersection between two topics in america. osama phobia and gun violence. what inspired you to put those two things together? >> well, as i said earlier, it was inspired by that real life shooting. but i think having that is the principle of the school comes very natural for my background being a teacher. but the kind of violence that i typically dread is actually a young person bringing a gun to school. feeling so disenfranchised by their community of peers. but that is a different kind of violence for sure. and fast book the gun violence just simply as a kind of violence because of b

politically important abolitionist woman in the united states, a woman 20 years older than her, a quaker from philadelphia. it becomes clear right away, they connect, really they connect on the issue of women's rights and from then on, lou begins to school this young woman. she's in her late 20s. begins to school her in the history of women's rights, teaching her to read the late 18th century british feminist, mary lolstencraft. and then eight years after this crucial meeting, it is said, who knows, it's a legend, that in london they decided they were going to hold a public meeting for women's rights. and they end up doing that eight years later in 1848. by this time, stanton is now living in seneca falls, which is a little town, a sort of bustling, industrial town between rochester and syracuse. she's a little restless, although there are plenty of people this that part of new york who are very experienced activists and reformers. that year is a crucial year. it's a year that's usually known for revolutions throughout europe to begin to lay the basis for democracy in places like france

the quaker's are the first. then there were gradual emancipation schemes where you might not convert someone's freedom right away, but when they reach a certain age, then they are given their freedom. so this is starting to happen in some colonies by the time we get to the constitutional convention. but it is not the norm. i think virginia even makes a law that makes it easier for masters to submit enslaved people after -- or towards the end of the american revolution. >> so now that we are in 1787, thinking back on it, what were they trying to do? what is the constitution? what were they trying to create. ? why create a constitution? >> yeah, what is all the fuss about? so, the constitution is the paramount law in the united states. that means it trumps all conflicting laws. it also means it's really hard to amend. so i think of the constitution and part is a mission statement. so it embodies values that we share as americans and that we strive for. another really important part of the constitution was to set u

accountable the heart of the problem at this stage is the nonpayment of wages and those in the midst of quakers who wish to return home but to do not want to return without compromising their rights in light of the current situation and all the exploitation of that are coming to surface and that reflects then the sensitive to have. it implemented activists say the attempt at labor reform had been a long battle but it failed and along with foreign domestic workers they are back to square one center for their beirut. more than 150 people are missing she had crossed central america after tropical storm hit the region. one of the worst hit countries. reports. troops rescued survivors stranded friday in a remote mountain area of. heavy rains from the remnants of hurricane heda have caused a massive mudslide. might have killed 100 people. in a news conference president. said it will be days before the true toll of the storm is known. this morning we had 4 dead but unfortunately that figure went up to 50 after mudslides took place in. san cristobal we're trying to reach those areas by foot because we

accountable the heart of the problem at this stage is the nonpayment of wages and those in the midst of quakers who wish to return home but to do not want to return without all while compromising their rights in light of the current situation and all the exploitation of that are coming to surface and that reflects then the sensitive to have it from india. implemented activists see the attempt at labor reform have been a long battle but it failed and along with 4 domestic workers they are back to square one center where i was received beirut. 3 people have been killed in afghanistan's capital in a bomb explosion there among the casualties as young. form a news presenter of a tolerant news the surge in violence comes as governor goshes continue talks with the taliban right here in doha. well more than 150 people. dead across central america after tropical storm hit the region and triggered mudslides in remote mountain areas as one of the west countries. reports. what the 1000000 troops rescued the survivors stranded on roofs some friday in a remote mountain area of. heavy rains from the remnants

accountable the heart of the problem at this stage is the nonpayment of wages and those in the midst of quakers who wish to return home but to do not want to return without compromising their rights in light of the current situation and all the exploitation of that are coming to surface and that reflects then the city to have. implemented activists say the attempt at labor reform had been a long battle but it failed and along with foreign domestic workers they are back to square one. beirut. young couples in south korea are finding it increasingly difficult to afford their own home a common problem in most of the world's major cities but as rob mcbride reports now from seoul one innovative architect has come up with a possible solution. newly married and wanting to own their own home in a city of escalating land prices architect joined in new york and his wife jungle young hit on a novel solution build a house that's narrow but tall tell me 1st people were curious about what we're building they thought that it was either a chimney or light ass with just one room floor it means a lot of stairs b

involved in a charity called the story of christmas and i wanted her to recite the first verse of this quakerrofessionally, but to be asked to park your feet on the sand and belt out a song, does it ever feel a little bit sand and belt out a song, does it everfeel a little bit odd, or is that normal? i wish you had been there. it was freezing cold, the tide was coming in, behind the camera there were 120 people who had been sunbathing there all day. that was filmed in north wales not far from where a certain programme is going to be on with the celebrities, and even when it was sunny, it was cold. does that have an impact on the voice? when you are doing that you are miming. you do the singing and the studio. there wasn't the time during this lockdown period when i didn't know if i would sing again but thankfully i managed to get into the studio. it was such a release, such a pleasurable thing to do, to sing once again. good to talk to you. everyone we talk to is pleased to be working and doing what they love. thank you for coming on. take care of yourself. thank you. aled's album is called b